univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... and Wu, 2002). However, models of depth-distribution of mantle viscosity are strongly dependent on the assumed lithospheric structure, which typically ...
... and Wu, 2002). However, models of depth-distribution of mantle viscosity are strongly dependent on the assumed lithospheric structure, which typically ...
Upper mantle flow in the western Mediterranean
... At about 30 Ma ago, the west directed Apennines– Maghrebides subduction started, nucleating along the Alps–Betics retrobelt and possibly triggered by the occurrence, in the foreland east of the Alpine belt, of oceanic or thinned continental lithosphere [6]. The Apennines–Maghrebides subduction zone ...
... At about 30 Ma ago, the west directed Apennines– Maghrebides subduction started, nucleating along the Alps–Betics retrobelt and possibly triggered by the occurrence, in the foreland east of the Alpine belt, of oceanic or thinned continental lithosphere [6]. The Apennines–Maghrebides subduction zone ...
︎PDF - Fabio Crameri
... [Bercovici, 1998; Regenauer-Lieb, 1998], shear heating [Yuen et al., 1978; Crameri and Kaus, 2010; Thielmann and Kaus, 2012], or pore fluid pressure [Dymkova and Gerya, 2013]. The addition of water or melt into the lithosphere also has a weakening effect [Hirth and Kohlstedt, 2003]. Once subduction ...
... [Bercovici, 1998; Regenauer-Lieb, 1998], shear heating [Yuen et al., 1978; Crameri and Kaus, 2010; Thielmann and Kaus, 2012], or pore fluid pressure [Dymkova and Gerya, 2013]. The addition of water or melt into the lithosphere also has a weakening effect [Hirth and Kohlstedt, 2003]. Once subduction ...
The Eastern Offshore Extension into the Western Mediterranean of
... relict bars are northeast-southwest trending sediment waves with their steep sides facing southeast. Similar, but having less reliefs also occur in secondary bars between bars 7 and 8 parallel to La Manga (Fig. 3B). These sediment drifts have been reported as far north as the Columbretes Islands at ...
... relict bars are northeast-southwest trending sediment waves with their steep sides facing southeast. Similar, but having less reliefs also occur in secondary bars between bars 7 and 8 parallel to La Manga (Fig. 3B). These sediment drifts have been reported as far north as the Columbretes Islands at ...
Slab detachment in laterally varying subduction zones: 3D
... variations have a strong impact on subduction processes [Guillaume et al., 2013], but the impact of slab detachment on the dynamics and topography evolution in such system remains however unclear. Lateral variations, which exist prior to collision, are a natural consequence of the finite extent of te ...
... variations have a strong impact on subduction processes [Guillaume et al., 2013], but the impact of slab detachment on the dynamics and topography evolution in such system remains however unclear. Lateral variations, which exist prior to collision, are a natural consequence of the finite extent of te ...
Rifting, Seafloor Spreading, and Extensional Tectonics
... volcanics. A preserved inactive rift can also be called an unsuccessful rift, in that its existence reflects the occurrence of a rifting event that stopped before it succeeded in splitting a continent in two. Unsuccessful rifts that cut into cratonic areas of continents, at a high angle to the conti ...
... volcanics. A preserved inactive rift can also be called an unsuccessful rift, in that its existence reflects the occurrence of a rifting event that stopped before it succeeded in splitting a continent in two. Unsuccessful rifts that cut into cratonic areas of continents, at a high angle to the conti ...
The role of frictional strength on plate coupling at the subduction
... driven by slab pull. The corresponding cooling and contraction of the descending oceanic lithosphere, as well as the density increase caused by prograde metamorphic reactions at depth, provide a consistent driving force for subduction. Slab pull is counteracted to some degree by frictional resistanc ...
... driven by slab pull. The corresponding cooling and contraction of the descending oceanic lithosphere, as well as the density increase caused by prograde metamorphic reactions at depth, provide a consistent driving force for subduction. Slab pull is counteracted to some degree by frictional resistanc ...
subduction zones
... planar arrays of deep earthquakes that dip away from the trench beneath the volcanoes and extend down to the 660 km discontinuity. Earthquakes in subduction zones occur at enormously greater depths than elsewhere on Earth, where seismicity is limited to the uppermost 20 km. This requires either that ...
... planar arrays of deep earthquakes that dip away from the trench beneath the volcanoes and extend down to the 660 km discontinuity. Earthquakes in subduction zones occur at enormously greater depths than elsewhere on Earth, where seismicity is limited to the uppermost 20 km. This requires either that ...
PDF
... planar arrays of deep earthquakes that dip away from the trench beneath the volcanoes and extend down to the 660 km discontinuity. Earthquakes in subduction zones occur at enormously greater depths than elsewhere on Earth, where seismicity is limited to the uppermost 20 km. This requires either that ...
... planar arrays of deep earthquakes that dip away from the trench beneath the volcanoes and extend down to the 660 km discontinuity. Earthquakes in subduction zones occur at enormously greater depths than elsewhere on Earth, where seismicity is limited to the uppermost 20 km. This requires either that ...
Partial delamination of continental mantle lithosphere, uplift
... In this area, an active volcanic zone cross-cuts since 2 My the suture between the overriding Tisza±Dacia and subducting European continental plates. Ma®c calc-alkaline and alkaline magmas (south Harghita and Persani volcanoes) erupted contemporaneously. These magmas were supplied by partial melting ...
... In this area, an active volcanic zone cross-cuts since 2 My the suture between the overriding Tisza±Dacia and subducting European continental plates. Ma®c calc-alkaline and alkaline magmas (south Harghita and Persani volcanoes) erupted contemporaneously. These magmas were supplied by partial melting ...
Top driven asymmetric mantle convection
... The volumes of lithospheric loss must be compensated by the same amount of mantle upwelling. If there are 306 km3/yr of lithospheric loss, we expect the same amount of lithospheric production. New oceanic lithosphere is formed along the about 60,000 km long oceanic ridges and backarc basin systems. ...
... The volumes of lithospheric loss must be compensated by the same amount of mantle upwelling. If there are 306 km3/yr of lithospheric loss, we expect the same amount of lithospheric production. New oceanic lithosphere is formed along the about 60,000 km long oceanic ridges and backarc basin systems. ...
Exhumation processes - Perso-sdt
... 4Department of Earth Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria VIC 3168, Australia Abstract: Deep-seated metamorphic rocks are commonly found in the interior of many divergent and convergent orogens. Plate tectonics can account for high-pressure metamorphism by subduction and crustal thickening ...
... 4Department of Earth Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria VIC 3168, Australia Abstract: Deep-seated metamorphic rocks are commonly found in the interior of many divergent and convergent orogens. Plate tectonics can account for high-pressure metamorphism by subduction and crustal thickening ...
Magmatic constraints on geodynamic models of subduction in the
... 1993; Roca et al., 1995). For a section taken through the East Carpathians, a total of 130 km of shortening can be divided into 108 km Mid-Miocene (¾15 Ma) subduction-related episode and 22 km during PlioQuaternary post-collisional deformation. Assuming that the rate of basin closure is closely rela ...
... 1993; Roca et al., 1995). For a section taken through the East Carpathians, a total of 130 km of shortening can be divided into 108 km Mid-Miocene (¾15 Ma) subduction-related episode and 22 km during PlioQuaternary post-collisional deformation. Assuming that the rate of basin closure is closely rela ...
Drilling Active Tectonics and Magmatism (Volcanics, Geoprisms
... earthquakes and tsunamis in Indonesia and Japan, and the strike-slip earthquake in Haiti that killed hundreds of thousands of people. Even less massive events can have a profound effect on local populations. Active faults and volcanoes are common in the western United States, but recent destructive ...
... earthquakes and tsunamis in Indonesia and Japan, and the strike-slip earthquake in Haiti that killed hundreds of thousands of people. Even less massive events can have a profound effect on local populations. Active faults and volcanoes are common in the western United States, but recent destructive ...
Constraints on asthenospheric flow from the depths of oceanic
... global mid-ocean ridge system, with spreading rates up to 16 cm/a [e.g., Gripp and Gordon, 1990; Demets et al., 1994]. It is also deeper than most spreading centers including the adjacent slower spreading Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (PAR) as shown by Small and Danyushevsky [2003] (Figure 1). The only sh ...
... global mid-ocean ridge system, with spreading rates up to 16 cm/a [e.g., Gripp and Gordon, 1990; Demets et al., 1994]. It is also deeper than most spreading centers including the adjacent slower spreading Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (PAR) as shown by Small and Danyushevsky [2003] (Figure 1). The only sh ...
Glossary Accommodation zone—Accommodation zone is the zone
... and minimum principal compressional stresses, is a constant (3 for thrusting, 1.2 for strikeslip faulting and 0.75 for normal faulting, assuming a friction of 0.75), is the rock density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, z is the depth and is the assumed hydrostatic/lithostatic pressure ra ...
... and minimum principal compressional stresses, is a constant (3 for thrusting, 1.2 for strikeslip faulting and 0.75 for normal faulting, assuming a friction of 0.75), is the rock density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, z is the depth and is the assumed hydrostatic/lithostatic pressure ra ...
Mantle Melting Beneath Mid-Ocean Ridges The Harvard community
... leads to melting. The melt is less dense than the solid, and rises to the surface to form the oceanic crust. Figure 1 shows how rising mantle crosses the “solidus” (the transition from complete solid to partial melt) and melts progressively towards the surface. Note that because the mantle is a soli ...
... leads to melting. The melt is less dense than the solid, and rises to the surface to form the oceanic crust. Figure 1 shows how rising mantle crosses the “solidus” (the transition from complete solid to partial melt) and melts progressively towards the surface. Note that because the mantle is a soli ...
Structural evolution and strike-slip tectonics off - Archimer
... divergent reflection pattern, indicating a deposition syntectonically to subsidence (km 25- ...
... divergent reflection pattern, indicating a deposition syntectonically to subsidence (km 25- ...
Mantle Meltıng Beneath Mıd-Ocean rıdges
... leads to melting. The melt is less dense than the solid, and rises to the surface to form the oceanic crust. Figure 1 shows how rising mantle crosses the “solidus” (the transition from complete solid to partial melt) and melts progressively towards the surface. Note that because the mantle is a soli ...
... leads to melting. The melt is less dense than the solid, and rises to the surface to form the oceanic crust. Figure 1 shows how rising mantle crosses the “solidus” (the transition from complete solid to partial melt) and melts progressively towards the surface. Note that because the mantle is a soli ...
An Iceland hotspot saga
... south by ∼ 12 ± 3 mm/yr with respect to the GIR during the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean, or with approximately double the rate of the HS3-Nuvel1A model. According to the HS3-Nuvel1A model both the NA and EU plates should be drifting to the south compared to a hotspot fixed reference frame. A ...
... south by ∼ 12 ± 3 mm/yr with respect to the GIR during the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean, or with approximately double the rate of the HS3-Nuvel1A model. According to the HS3-Nuvel1A model both the NA and EU plates should be drifting to the south compared to a hotspot fixed reference frame. A ...
- erc
... When they occur beneath the sea, the water above the deformed area is displaced from its equilibrium position. Waves are formed as the displaced water mass, acting under the force of gravity, tries to regain equilibrium. When large areas of the sea floor elevate or subside, a tsunami can be created. ...
... When they occur beneath the sea, the water above the deformed area is displaced from its equilibrium position. Waves are formed as the displaced water mass, acting under the force of gravity, tries to regain equilibrium. When large areas of the sea floor elevate or subside, a tsunami can be created. ...
Initiation of the Andean orogeny by lower mantle subduction
... of South America while overriding the deep slab (Shephard et al., 2010; Flament et al., 2014, 2015). A remarkable negative dynamic signal is expected on the site of subducting slab, particularly evident in its northern portion (Flament et al., 2015), while the formation of flat slab and window that m ...
... of South America while overriding the deep slab (Shephard et al., 2010; Flament et al., 2014, 2015). A remarkable negative dynamic signal is expected on the site of subducting slab, particularly evident in its northern portion (Flament et al., 2015), while the formation of flat slab and window that m ...
Geodynamics of the South China Sea
... thinned continental crust intruded by volcanic elongated features emplaced 17–22 Ma ago. Based on magnetic anomaly identifications, the end of the SCS spreading could be either 15.5, 20.5 Ma (Briais et al., 1993; Barckhausen et al., 2014) or something else. However, as post-spreading magmatic activit ...
... thinned continental crust intruded by volcanic elongated features emplaced 17–22 Ma ago. Based on magnetic anomaly identifications, the end of the SCS spreading could be either 15.5, 20.5 Ma (Briais et al., 1993; Barckhausen et al., 2014) or something else. However, as post-spreading magmatic activit ...
The lithosphere and asthenosphere of the
... horizontally (SH) from dispersed Rayleigh and Love surface waves. These had been recorded in Iceland by the ICEMELT broad-band seismic network, with about half of the waves coming from near-distance earthquakes (≤1000 km). The analysis included unusually short periods, as brief as 5.0 s, and periods ...
... horizontally (SH) from dispersed Rayleigh and Love surface waves. These had been recorded in Iceland by the ICEMELT broad-band seismic network, with about half of the waves coming from near-distance earthquakes (≤1000 km). The analysis included unusually short periods, as brief as 5.0 s, and periods ...
The lithosphere and asthenosphere of the Iceland hotspot from
... horizontally (SH) from dispersed Rayleigh and Love surface waves. These had been recorded in Iceland by the ICEMELT broad-band seismic network, with about half of the waves coming from near-distance earthquakes (≤1000 km). The analysis included unusually short periods, as brief as 5.0 s, and periods ...
... horizontally (SH) from dispersed Rayleigh and Love surface waves. These had been recorded in Iceland by the ICEMELT broad-band seismic network, with about half of the waves coming from near-distance earthquakes (≤1000 km). The analysis included unusually short periods, as brief as 5.0 s, and periods ...