Lithospheric layering in the North American craton
... How cratons—extremely stable continental areas of the Earth’s crust—formed and remained largely unchanged for more than 2,500 million years is much debated. Recent studies of seismic-wave receiver function data have detected a structural boundary under continental cratons at depths too shallow to be ...
... How cratons—extremely stable continental areas of the Earth’s crust—formed and remained largely unchanged for more than 2,500 million years is much debated. Recent studies of seismic-wave receiver function data have detected a structural boundary under continental cratons at depths too shallow to be ...
GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NINETYEAST RIDGE
... of 1.5 to 2.0 km overlying the NER, 5.6 to 6.6 km on the western flank of the NER and 3.4 to 6.0 km of the eastern flank close to the trench and; and 2) morphology of the NER and the adjoining sea floor and in some cases, the relief of the forearc also. Irregular edifices and deeps characterize the ...
... of 1.5 to 2.0 km overlying the NER, 5.6 to 6.6 km on the western flank of the NER and 3.4 to 6.0 km of the eastern flank close to the trench and; and 2) morphology of the NER and the adjoining sea floor and in some cases, the relief of the forearc also. Irregular edifices and deeps characterize the ...
What is the Lithosphere
... dependence of the rigidity on the age of the province suggest that temperature is also a primary control on the thickness of the lithosphere in continents. In some areas, the lithosphere extends through the entire crust and well into the mantle. In other areas, like the western U.S., the effective e ...
... dependence of the rigidity on the age of the province suggest that temperature is also a primary control on the thickness of the lithosphere in continents. In some areas, the lithosphere extends through the entire crust and well into the mantle. In other areas, like the western U.S., the effective e ...
Cascadia subduction slab heterogeneity revealed by three
... mapped at ~100 km depth; second, the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in western North America is expected at around ~80 km depth [e.g., Levander and Miller, 2012; Yuan and Romanowicz, 2010]. Furthermore, we point to the presence of a weak and discontinuous signal at approximately ~80 km on all th ...
... mapped at ~100 km depth; second, the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in western North America is expected at around ~80 km depth [e.g., Levander and Miller, 2012; Yuan and Romanowicz, 2010]. Furthermore, we point to the presence of a weak and discontinuous signal at approximately ~80 km on all th ...
Mission Moho Workshop: Drilling Through the Oceanic Crust to the
... geological studies and geophysical surveys, in addition to scientific ocean drilling expeditions (e.g., Karson and Elthon, 1987; Dick, 1989; Cannat et al., 1995, 2006; Canales et al., 2000; Kelemen, Kikawa, Miller, et al., 2004). The direct route to the Moho: There was a clear workshop consensus tha ...
... geological studies and geophysical surveys, in addition to scientific ocean drilling expeditions (e.g., Karson and Elthon, 1987; Dick, 1989; Cannat et al., 1995, 2006; Canales et al., 2000; Kelemen, Kikawa, Miller, et al., 2004). The direct route to the Moho: There was a clear workshop consensus tha ...
A.B. Roy - Indian Geophysical Union
... Tsunami is an exotic word for us without having any equivalent phrase in Indian languages, unlike the earthquake and the volcano (Shetye, 2005). This clearly implies that the Tsunami is not a regular visitor in the Indian coastal regions. Truly speaking, there is no information about any dreadful ap ...
... Tsunami is an exotic word for us without having any equivalent phrase in Indian languages, unlike the earthquake and the volcano (Shetye, 2005). This clearly implies that the Tsunami is not a regular visitor in the Indian coastal regions. Truly speaking, there is no information about any dreadful ap ...
Steady-state creation of crust-free lithosphere at cold spots in mid
... volumes and hence to segregate from the mantle to form a continuous basaltic crust, as it normally does below mid-oceanic ridges. MODELING OF COLD LITHOSPHERE FREE OF BASALTIC CRUST The thickness of the basaltic crust is affected by the temperature of the upwelling mantle, the spreading rate, and ma ...
... volumes and hence to segregate from the mantle to form a continuous basaltic crust, as it normally does below mid-oceanic ridges. MODELING OF COLD LITHOSPHERE FREE OF BASALTIC CRUST The thickness of the basaltic crust is affected by the temperature of the upwelling mantle, the spreading rate, and ma ...
Clutch tectonics and the partial attachment of lithospheric layers
... Abstract. Clutch zones, in analogy to the clutch in an automobile, explain the mechanical communication between the necessarily different displacement fields of rheologicallydistinct lithospheric layers. In contrast to detachment zones, these sub-horizontal shear zones act as partial attachment zone ...
... Abstract. Clutch zones, in analogy to the clutch in an automobile, explain the mechanical communication between the necessarily different displacement fields of rheologicallydistinct lithospheric layers. In contrast to detachment zones, these sub-horizontal shear zones act as partial attachment zone ...
Tectonics of the Aegean/Anatolian region
... extension in western Anatolia, which they reference to the findings of Lundgren et al. (1998). It also shows the north-south extension in this area reported by McClusky et al. (2000). They conclude that this extension occurs because the high strength of the Aegean lithosphere transfers the Hellenic ...
... extension in western Anatolia, which they reference to the findings of Lundgren et al. (1998). It also shows the north-south extension in this area reported by McClusky et al. (2000). They conclude that this extension occurs because the high strength of the Aegean lithosphere transfers the Hellenic ...
Characteristics of Geothermal Reservoirs and Structural Geology for
... geothermal reservoir. According to borehole data, the deep-seated hyperthermia geothermal reservoir can be divided into two parts. The first part is discovered in altitude range of 3630 meters to 3120 meters underneath the ground with a thickness of 350 meters and maximum temperature higher than 250 ...
... geothermal reservoir. According to borehole data, the deep-seated hyperthermia geothermal reservoir can be divided into two parts. The first part is discovered in altitude range of 3630 meters to 3120 meters underneath the ground with a thickness of 350 meters and maximum temperature higher than 250 ...
Morphology and magnetic survey of the Rivera
... raw data was processed using the CARAIBES software while onboard by IFREMER technicians to produce a 200 x 200 meter grid of bathymetric values. These values were combined with existing multibeam data to produce a new bathymetry map (Figure 4). ...
... raw data was processed using the CARAIBES software while onboard by IFREMER technicians to produce a 200 x 200 meter grid of bathymetric values. These values were combined with existing multibeam data to produce a new bathymetry map (Figure 4). ...
Geomagnetic Deep Sounding in and around the Kenya Rift Valley
... with a P, velocity of 7.9 km s-'. However, the apparent velocities of teleseismic P arrivals show a very considerable variation with the source azimuth, which can be explained by postulating the existence of a prism of low velocity material, thinning to the west beneath the western wall of the rift. ...
... with a P, velocity of 7.9 km s-'. However, the apparent velocities of teleseismic P arrivals show a very considerable variation with the source azimuth, which can be explained by postulating the existence of a prism of low velocity material, thinning to the west beneath the western wall of the rift. ...
Mantle Convection and Global Sea Level: Implications for the
... influences the sea level (Figure 1). This factor can be decomposed into the following two sub-factors: one is the average depth of the sea floor with respect to the ridge crest (denoted by db), and the other is the elevation of the ridge crest itself with respect to the continental plate. db results ...
... influences the sea level (Figure 1). This factor can be decomposed into the following two sub-factors: one is the average depth of the sea floor with respect to the ridge crest (denoted by db), and the other is the elevation of the ridge crest itself with respect to the continental plate. db results ...
Huismans
... synrift phases but leaving D underfilled, as in the dynamical models (Fig. 2). Sediments, once deposited, will experience and record extension depending on whether or not stretching of the underlying crust continues. An important test of the model is that the template (Fig. 3) should correctly predi ...
... synrift phases but leaving D underfilled, as in the dynamical models (Fig. 2). Sediments, once deposited, will experience and record extension depending on whether or not stretching of the underlying crust continues. An important test of the model is that the template (Fig. 3) should correctly predi ...
earth, interior structure of the
... (see also Snrsuor,ocv). Table I summarizes some of the important parameters of the Earth. Note that the Earth's average density, 5.52x 103 kg/^3, is significantly higher than the densities of rocks found on the Earth's surface l(2.7-3.4) X 103 kg,/m31. Another observation is that the ratio C/MR2:0.3 ...
... (see also Snrsuor,ocv). Table I summarizes some of the important parameters of the Earth. Note that the Earth's average density, 5.52x 103 kg/^3, is significantly higher than the densities of rocks found on the Earth's surface l(2.7-3.4) X 103 kg,/m31. Another observation is that the ratio C/MR2:0.3 ...
Crustal thinning of the northern continental margin of the South
... Magnetic data suggest that the distribution of the oceanic crust in the northern South China Sea (SCS) may extend to about 21 N and 118.5 E. To examine the crustal features of the corresponding continent–ocean transition zone, we have studied the crustal structures of the northern continental marg ...
... Magnetic data suggest that the distribution of the oceanic crust in the northern South China Sea (SCS) may extend to about 21 N and 118.5 E. To examine the crustal features of the corresponding continent–ocean transition zone, we have studied the crustal structures of the northern continental marg ...
The seabed morphology of the hazel holme fracture zone and the
... and are up to 1.2 km thick in the immediate back-arc area (Chase, 1971). Sound velocities in the sediments range from 2.0-3.0 km/s, higher than for pelagic materials, and this is attibuted to a high volcaniclastic content. No cores have penetrated through this sediment cover, but its thickness sugge ...
... and are up to 1.2 km thick in the immediate back-arc area (Chase, 1971). Sound velocities in the sediments range from 2.0-3.0 km/s, higher than for pelagic materials, and this is attibuted to a high volcaniclastic content. No cores have penetrated through this sediment cover, but its thickness sugge ...
Plate Boundaries and Plate Interactions
... plates slide parallel to each other a plate boundary where two plates move away from one another. Mid-ocean ridges are divergent plate boundaries where the mantle asthenosphere rises slowly upward. The magma then rises up, because it is less dense than the rock. It forms volcanoes in the central val ...
... plates slide parallel to each other a plate boundary where two plates move away from one another. Mid-ocean ridges are divergent plate boundaries where the mantle asthenosphere rises slowly upward. The magma then rises up, because it is less dense than the rock. It forms volcanoes in the central val ...
the iberian pyrite belt
... 2007 there was no mining in Spain, although the activities are being retaken in Las Cruces (Seville) and Aguas Teñidas (Huelva), and different viability and exploration projects are under development such as those in La Zarza, Río Tinto, Lomero Poyatos or Masa Valverde. In Portugal, mining continued ...
... 2007 there was no mining in Spain, although the activities are being retaken in Las Cruces (Seville) and Aguas Teñidas (Huelva), and different viability and exploration projects are under development such as those in La Zarza, Río Tinto, Lomero Poyatos or Masa Valverde. In Portugal, mining continued ...
Ocean Drilling and Exploring a Heterogeneous Ocean Crust
... understanding the Earth’s geochemical cycle. While the rate of crustal production is significantly larger at the fast‐spreading East Pacific Rise, slow and ultra slow spreading ridges by length are the largest class of ocean ridge, and about half of the extant ocean crust has form ...
... understanding the Earth’s geochemical cycle. While the rate of crustal production is significantly larger at the fast‐spreading East Pacific Rise, slow and ultra slow spreading ridges by length are the largest class of ocean ridge, and about half of the extant ocean crust has form ...
Results of the CEMES project.
... In view of the recent interest in complex geoscientific studies in the area of the Trans-European Suture Zone and a manifestation of this first-order geological lineament down to great depths of the Earth’s mantle (Wilde-Piórko et al. 2006), a particular project of deep electromagnetic induction sou ...
... In view of the recent interest in complex geoscientific studies in the area of the Trans-European Suture Zone and a manifestation of this first-order geological lineament down to great depths of the Earth’s mantle (Wilde-Piórko et al. 2006), a particular project of deep electromagnetic induction sou ...
1 Four-D Investigation of Subduction Initiation (SI
... massive sheet flows in the upper 400 m. Boninitic dikes and lavas occur as the youngest igneous products within the EMO (Fig. 1b). Cpx porphyroclast-bearing harzburgites occur in the lower parts of the upper mantle units, whereas harzburgites and dunites are more abundant in structurally higher part ...
... massive sheet flows in the upper 400 m. Boninitic dikes and lavas occur as the youngest igneous products within the EMO (Fig. 1b). Cpx porphyroclast-bearing harzburgites occur in the lower parts of the upper mantle units, whereas harzburgites and dunites are more abundant in structurally higher part ...
deep crustal structure and estimation of moho in the lhasa terrane of
... depth of the area. Estimated Moho depths are found very irregular and varying from 20 km to more than 136 km. The crust is thinner in southern, northern and eastern parts of the area while it is thicker in the western part having asymmetric nature in the central part. This variation might be the res ...
... depth of the area. Estimated Moho depths are found very irregular and varying from 20 km to more than 136 km. The crust is thinner in southern, northern and eastern parts of the area while it is thicker in the western part having asymmetric nature in the central part. This variation might be the res ...
Chapter 1 - Beck-Shop
... analogous to the very thin skin on an apple. The crust is separated from the underlying mantle by the Mohorovičić (Moho) discontinuity. Two major types of crust occur. Oceanic crust Oceanic crust is composed largely of darkcolored, mafic rocks enriched in oxides of magnesium, iron and calcium (MgO ...
... analogous to the very thin skin on an apple. The crust is separated from the underlying mantle by the Mohorovičić (Moho) discontinuity. Two major types of crust occur. Oceanic crust Oceanic crust is composed largely of darkcolored, mafic rocks enriched in oxides of magnesium, iron and calcium (MgO ...
Plate Tectonics Lab II - Mercer Island School District
... of the lithosphere is defined where geothermal temperatures reach 1200 °C. [From Igneous Petrogenesis by Wilson.] Figure 2.3: Graph of pressure vs. temperature. The solidus is the division between a solid and a liquid. Solids can be made to melt by either increasing temperature (A) or decreasing pre ...
... of the lithosphere is defined where geothermal temperatures reach 1200 °C. [From Igneous Petrogenesis by Wilson.] Figure 2.3: Graph of pressure vs. temperature. The solidus is the division between a solid and a liquid. Solids can be made to melt by either increasing temperature (A) or decreasing pre ...