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Enhanced and Reduced Atom Number
Enhanced and Reduced Atom Number

... originate from the interplay between interactions and quantum statistics. Lowering the temperature, the onset of superbinomial fluctuations occurs when quantum degeneracy becomes important. Fluctuations are given by the probability distribution of the macroscopic configurations with a given atom num ...
Holism and Structuralism in U(1) Gauge Theory - Philsci
Holism and Structuralism in U(1) Gauge Theory - Philsci

... of gauge theories as well, has two wings, occupied by those who advocate either the Hamiltonian or the Lagrangian formalism to represent gauge theories. Among philosophers of physics we find John Earman as one of the strongest supporters of the Hamiltonian view (cf. his 2003, see also Belot and Earm ...
Ecole Doctorale de Physique et de Chimie Physique
Ecole Doctorale de Physique et de Chimie Physique

... nowadays a certitude that the Standard Model of particle physics is incomplete and should, in fact, be interpreted as the effective theory of a more fundamental one. Unfortunately, the 7 and 8 TeV runs of the LHC did not provide any sign of new physics yet but there has been at least one major disco ...
On the quantum no-signalling assisted zero-error
On the quantum no-signalling assisted zero-error

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On the Study of Quantum Properties of Space-Time with

Quantum Theory: a Pragmatist Approach
Quantum Theory: a Pragmatist Approach

Realism and Antirealism in Informational Foundations of
Realism and Antirealism in Informational Foundations of

... the notions such as that a system “represents” the truth value of a proposition or that it “carries” one bit of information only implies a statement concerning what can be said about possible measurement results. For us a system is no more than a representative of a proposition. [9, p. 326] Conside ...
Dynamical Theories of Brownian Motion
Dynamical Theories of Brownian Motion

... http://www.math.princeton.edu/∼nelson/books.html ...
Quantum numbers for relative ground states of antiferromagnetic
Quantum numbers for relative ground states of antiferromagnetic

... magnon vacuum with M = N s, i. e. a = 0, which immediately implies that the ground state in H(M ) has the total spin quantum number S = |M |, compare Refs. 1–3. For odd N the regularity following from (1) will be illustrated by an example: Let N = 11 and s be sufficiently large. Then the k-sequence ...
Relativity and Acceleration
Relativity and Acceleration

... in Märzke-Wheeler coordinates could solve a well-known inconsistency in the theory of the Unruh effect (namely, the circumstance that quantization in naive rotating coordinates is inconsistent with the measurements of a ...
Why Philosophers Should Care About
Why Philosophers Should Care About

Chapter 10.
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... quantum computers exploit the phenomena of superposition and entanglement which are fundamental issues in quantum mechanics [Nielsen00]. Thus quantum computers have additional features than their counterpart classical computers lack. Hence quantum computer are more powerful than the classical comput ...
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... Advances in science understanding in one field can influence other areas of science, technology and engineering ...
Above-threshold ionization in a strong dc electric field
Above-threshold ionization in a strong dc electric field

... 共Flaser = 1.69⫻ 10−5 a.u.兲 and ␻ = 4.2⫻ 10−4 a.u. this quiver amplitude is only equal to 96 a.u. Consequently the laser is unable to drive the electron toward the saddle-point in the Coulomb+ laser field potential within the optical period of the laser. Tunneling and over-the-barrier ionization is t ...
Quantum mechanical approaches to the virial S.LeBohec
Quantum mechanical approaches to the virial S.LeBohec

... quantum mechanical expectation values: 2(hT i)∞ = ν(hVT ot i)∞ This suggests that the operation of taking the expectation value h· · · i can be regarded as a continuation of the time averaging (· · · )τ to reveal the contribution of a dynamics internal to the wave function. In fact, when considering ...
Quantum Information Technology based on Single Electron Dynamics
Quantum Information Technology based on Single Electron Dynamics

... ensemble of spins in many materials, little work has been done on the manipulation of single-electron spin. A quantum dot containing a single electron spin provides flexible quantum information storage (See Fig. 1(c) and Fig. 3(b)). We have developed a novel electrical pump and probe experiment for ...
Physics and Philosophy
Physics and Philosophy

The Mathematical Formalism of Quantum Mechanics
The Mathematical Formalism of Quantum Mechanics

Quantum effects in biology
Quantum effects in biology

... One of the most prominently recognized debates of a possible role played by quantum mechanics in biology is that concerning brain function. Hameroff and Penrose have hypothesized that quantum-mechanical superposition states of microtubules can rationalize brain activities leading to thoughts, feelin ...
Why Philosophers Should Care About Computational Complexity Scott Aaronson
Why Philosophers Should Care About Computational Complexity Scott Aaronson

... in logic or model theory. (2) The connection must draw on specific insights from the field of computational complexity theory: not just the idea of complexity, or the fact that there exist hard problems. There are many philosophically-interesting ideas in modern complexity theory that this essay men ...
Quantum effects in biology
Quantum effects in biology

... One of the most prominently recognized debates of a possible role played by quantum mechanics in biology is that concerning brain function. Hameroff and Penrose have hypothesized that quantum-mechanical superposition states of microtubules can rationalize brain activities leading to thoughts, feelin ...
sclecture7
sclecture7

... The Quantisation of Flux We are used to the concept of magnetic flux density being able to take any value at all. However we shall see that in a Type II superconductor magnetic flux is quantised. To show this, we shall continue with the concept of the superconducting wavefunction introduced by Ginz ...
Some Problems in Quantum Information Theory
Some Problems in Quantum Information Theory

... P we assume ψ is a unit vector so that j |pj |2 = 1. (2) an index j is chosen at random with probability |pj |2 (3) our measurement returns only the index j (4) and the state collapses to vj . William J. Martin ...
Detected-jump-error-correcting quantum codes - IAP TU
Detected-jump-error-correcting quantum codes - IAP TU

... number of control measurements and perform the rapid recovery operations. However, in view of current-day experimental possibilities 关11兴 it is generally difficult to achieve both the requirements. Therefore it is desirable to develop alternative error-correcting strategies that possibly correct a r ...
MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION Volume 72, Number 241, Pages 131–157 S 0025-5718(01)01371-0
MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION Volume 72, Number 241, Pages 131–157 S 0025-5718(01)01371-0

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Scalar field theory

In theoretical physics, scalar field theory can refer to a classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant under any Lorentz transformation.The only fundamental scalar quantum field that has been observed in nature is the Higgs field. However, scalar quantum fields feature in the effective field theory descriptions of many physical phenomena. An example is the pion, which is actually a pseudoscalar.Since they do not involve polarization complications, scalar fields are often the easiest to appreciate second quantization through. For this reason, scalar field theories are often used for purposes of introduction of novel concepts and techniques.The signature of the metric employed below is (+, −, −, −).
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