• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
The Actual Speed Limit for Particles with Rest Mass Not Equal to
The Actual Speed Limit for Particles with Rest Mass Not Equal to

... of light when light moves in vacuum. Numerically, it is 299792458 meters per second (Wikipedia, Speed of light, 2017), and symbolically c. But, this speed limit possesses a problem as it, when used in calculations, results infinity. In other words, this speed is achievable only at infinity or never. ...
Module I
Module I

Document
Document

... Masses higher than 1700 MeV, width ~ hundreds MeV Mass of the pentaquark is roughly 5 M +(strangeness) ~ 1800 MeV An additional q –anti-q pair is added as constituent ...
Atomic Physics - CAFE SYSTEM CANARIAS
Atomic Physics - CAFE SYSTEM CANARIAS

... useful as an intuitive way of thinking about atomic structure and transitions between the energy levels. The ‘proper’ description in terms of atomic wavefunctions is presented in subsequent chapters. Before describing the theory of an atom with one electron, some experimental facts are presented. Th ...
Elektromagnetisme, noter og formelsamling
Elektromagnetisme, noter og formelsamling

... Λµρ = δ µρ + δω µρ , , and the inverse transformation is given by ...
cosmic natural selection as an explanation for our fine
cosmic natural selection as an explanation for our fine

... duce a wealth of complex phenomena at energy scales much below the quantum gravity or string scale. Where in science, I asked myself, do we have an explanation for such fine-tuning for complexity? The answer: Only in biology. I then decided to copy the formal structure of population biology by whic ...
Nucleus-mediated spin-flip transitions in GaAs quantum dots
Nucleus-mediated spin-flip transitions in GaAs quantum dots

... energy. 共The energy associated with a nuclear spin is the nuclear Zeeman, ប ␻ n , energy which is three orders of magnitude smaller than the electron Zeeman energy and the energies related to the orbital degree of freedom.兲 For free electrons, the change in energy accompanying a spin-flip caused by ...
Improper Schrodinger Equation and Dirac Equation
Improper Schrodinger Equation and Dirac Equation

Mutually unbiased bases, orthogonal Latin squares, and hidden
Mutually unbiased bases, orthogonal Latin squares, and hidden

Quantum Correlations and Fundamental Conservation Laws
Quantum Correlations and Fundamental Conservation Laws

... 4 results for discussion: 1) Correlation functions of quantum mechanics are direct consequence of the CLASSICAL conservation laws arising in space-time symmetries (fundamental conservation laws), applied to ensembles. 2) Any theory that has a correlation function different from the ones in QM is in ...
Electron spin and probability current density in quantum mechanics
Electron spin and probability current density in quantum mechanics

... the total probability is constant, i.e., the Ð probability that the particle is somewhere must be unity: jwj2 dV ¼ 1 (the integral being over the whole configuration space). Furthermore, this constraint must be satisfied at all times, even when the state is evolving in time. The time evolution of th ...
無投影片標題 - Shaw Communications
無投影片標題 - Shaw Communications

... was what really triggered the birth of antimatter, because the equation is mainly based on squares and as we know for each square there are a positive and a negative square root. So, Dirac reasoned that the possibility of an electron with positive energy would be the same as one with negative energy ...
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF INERTIA?
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF INERTIA?

... While the origin of inertia remains a foundational issue in the physical sciences, as it has been for the past few centuries, recently a sense of "something magical" being in the air has gotten abroad. The idea that means of manipulating inertia for the purposes of rapid spacetime transport may be i ...
Syllabus of B.Sc. Physics
Syllabus of B.Sc. Physics

... Unit II: Interference: Interference of light waves, Classification in terms of division of amplitude and division of wave front, Interference fringes from a double source, Young's double slit experiment, Intensity distribution in the fringe system, Fresnel's biprism, Displacement of fringes, Interfe ...
Title First Name Last
Title First Name Last

Einstein`s Unknown Insight and the Problem of Quantizing Chaos
Einstein`s Unknown Insight and the Problem of Quantizing Chaos

... where L is the usual Lagrangian of a mechanical system, E is the energy, and r and r" are the final and initial points of the trajectory, which requires a time t to traverse. Because ∇S ⊂ p(r), the momentum at r, one is tempted to regard p(r) as the momentum field of the trajectory, generated by tak ...
Untitled
Untitled

Coherence of atomic matter-wave fields - IAP TU
Coherence of atomic matter-wave fields - IAP TU

... a step toward this goal, extending the ideas of optical coherence theory to introduce several types of matter-wave coherence, in particular ‘‘field coherence’’ and ‘‘density coherence’’ @2#. In analogy to Glauber’s analysis of optical coherence @1#, we adopt an operational approach where different c ...
Nowling, Sean Robert - 2007
Nowling, Sean Robert - 2007

Quantum entanglement, topological order, and tensor category theory
Quantum entanglement, topological order, and tensor category theory

Quantum Phase Transitions
Quantum Phase Transitions

... the critical point. When are quantum effects significant? Surprisingly, all non-zero temperature transitions are considered “classical”, even in highly quantum-mechanical systems like superfluid helium or superconductors. It turns out that while quantum mechanics is needed for the existence of an or ...
Zerwas_PASCOSMerida
Zerwas_PASCOSMerida

The Quantum Free Electron Laser
The Quantum Free Electron Laser

... • Every ponderomotive potential in the e-beam behaves the same. To model Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) this is insufficient • The FEL interaction starts from random shot noise • Different parts of the e-beam → different noise To include slippage we introduce an additional length scale w ...
here - Nick Papanikolaou
here - Nick Papanikolaou

Quantum Computation and Quantum Information – Lecture 3
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information – Lecture 3

... quantum gates (X, Y, Z, H, CNOT) quantum circuits (swapping, no-cloning problem) teleportation quantum parallelism and Deutsch’s algorithm ...
< 1 ... 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 ... 358 >

Scalar field theory

In theoretical physics, scalar field theory can refer to a classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant under any Lorentz transformation.The only fundamental scalar quantum field that has been observed in nature is the Higgs field. However, scalar quantum fields feature in the effective field theory descriptions of many physical phenomena. An example is the pion, which is actually a pseudoscalar.Since they do not involve polarization complications, scalar fields are often the easiest to appreciate second quantization through. For this reason, scalar field theories are often used for purposes of introduction of novel concepts and techniques.The signature of the metric employed below is (+, −, −, −).
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report