Rotational Work
... The total torque on a rigid body due to the gravitational force can be determined by placing all the gravitational force at the center-of-mass of the object. ...
... The total torque on a rigid body due to the gravitational force can be determined by placing all the gravitational force at the center-of-mass of the object. ...
C-Circular-Kinematics-Dynamics-Unit
... 1. distinguish between circular (“translational;” “tangential”) and rotational motion. 2. perform measurements and calculations involving period and frequency of rotating objects and objects moving in circular motion. 3. analyze the angular displacement and angular velocity of a rotating object. 4. ...
... 1. distinguish between circular (“translational;” “tangential”) and rotational motion. 2. perform measurements and calculations involving period and frequency of rotating objects and objects moving in circular motion. 3. analyze the angular displacement and angular velocity of a rotating object. 4. ...
IV. MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY R. D. Mattuck
... spectrum of symmetric-top molecules was resumed and completed (1, 2). ments of the J = 1 - ...
... spectrum of symmetric-top molecules was resumed and completed (1, 2). ments of the J = 1 - ...
Electronic Spectroscopy Application of Group Theory
... Laporte forbidden = 0. However, these transitions
can be vibronically allowed through ungerade vibrations
since in the v=1 level of an ungerade vibration, the molecule
loses its center of symmetry and thus the selection rule is
relaxed.
ΓesΓvibΓxyz Γgs = Γtotally symmetric
vibronically-ac ...
... Laporte forbidden
General Definition of Torque General Definition of Torque, final
... Summary of Chapter 10, cont. • The equations for rotational motion with constant angular acceleration have the same form as those for linear motion with constant acceleration. • Torque is the product of force and lever arm. • The rotational inertia depends not only on the mass of an object but also ...
... Summary of Chapter 10, cont. • The equations for rotational motion with constant angular acceleration have the same form as those for linear motion with constant acceleration. • Torque is the product of force and lever arm. • The rotational inertia depends not only on the mass of an object but also ...
5.1 Boltzmann distribution of molecules over the energy levels
... 5.1 Boltzmann distribution of molecules over the energy levels In experiments designed to measure properties of individual molecules we always work with a macroscopic sample (in a closed container) containing a very large number, Ntot, of identical molecules, and usually at room temperature. The sam ...
... 5.1 Boltzmann distribution of molecules over the energy levels In experiments designed to measure properties of individual molecules we always work with a macroscopic sample (in a closed container) containing a very large number, Ntot, of identical molecules, and usually at room temperature. The sam ...
Rotational spectroscopy
Rotational spectroscopy is concerned with the measurement of the energies of transitions between quantized rotational states of molecules in the gas phase. The spectra of polar molecules can be measured in absorption or emission by microwave spectroscopy or by far infrared spectroscopy. The rotational spectra of non-polar molecules cannot be observed by those methods, but can be observed and measured by Raman spectroscopy. Rotational spectroscopy is sometimes referred to as pure rotational spectroscopy to distinguish it from rotational-vibrational spectroscopy where changes in rotational energy occur together with changes in vibrational energy, and also from ro-vibronic spectroscopy (or just vibronic spectroscopy) where rotational, vibrational and electronic energy changes occur simultaneously.For rotational spectroscopy, molecules are classified according to symmetry into spherical top, linear and symmetric top; analytical expressions can be derived for the rotational energy terms of these molecules. Analytical expressions can be derived for the fourth category, asymmetric top, for rotational levels up to J=3, but higher energy levels need to be determined using numerical methods. The rotational energies are derived theoretically by considering the molecules to be rigid rotors and then applying extra terms to account for centrifugal distortion, fine structure, hyperfine structure and Coriolis coupling. Fitting the spectra to the theoretical expressions gives numerical values of the angular moments of inertia from which very precise values of molecular bond lengths and angles can be derived in favorable cases. In the presence of an electrostatic field there is Stark splitting which allows molecular electric dipole moments to be determined.An important application of rotational spectroscopy is in exploration of the chemical composition of the interstellar medium using radio telescopes.