Structure of Programming Languages – Lecture 6
... In an simple world, each object might have one name, and each name one object. Programming languages are far from simple. (Examples are given in the context of C.) An object can have NO name (the result of a call on malloc). An object can have one name: a local integer variable. An object can have t ...
... In an simple world, each object might have one name, and each name one object. Programming languages are far from simple. (Examples are given in the context of C.) An object can have NO name (the result of a call on malloc). An object can have one name: a local integer variable. An object can have t ...
bYTEBoss control
... • Avoid explicit jumps except for function return • Cannot jump into middle of block or function body ...
... • Avoid explicit jumps except for function return • Cannot jump into middle of block or function body ...
The current topic: Scheme Announcements Review: car, cdr, and
... – This time the input is a symbol definition rather than a function application. ...
... – This time the input is a symbol definition rather than a function application. ...
Strong Logics of First and Second Order
... This will be the main purpose of Sections 1 and 2. In Section 1 we shall investigate the many facets of the absoluteness of first-order logic. In Section 2 we shall start by investigating two traditional strong logics (ω-logic and β-logic) that share many of these features of absoluteness, only now ...
... This will be the main purpose of Sections 1 and 2. In Section 1 we shall investigate the many facets of the absoluteness of first-order logic. In Section 2 we shall start by investigating two traditional strong logics (ω-logic and β-logic) that share many of these features of absoluteness, only now ...
Logic Programming
... architecture of the machines on which programs will run Copyright © 2006 Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. ...
... architecture of the machines on which programs will run Copyright © 2006 Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. ...
Structural Logical Relations
... logical relations that avails proofs by logical relations to systems with limited meta-logical strength by explicitly representing and reasoning about an auxiliary logic. Proofs by structural logical relations follow the same line of reasoning as their informal counterparts. The central idea is to f ...
... logical relations that avails proofs by logical relations to systems with limited meta-logical strength by explicitly representing and reasoning about an auxiliary logic. Proofs by structural logical relations follow the same line of reasoning as their informal counterparts. The central idea is to f ...
Modal Reasoning
... If there exists a bisimulation (there could be more than one) between two models, they are said to be bisimilar. If there is a relation between two worlds in a bisimulation, we say the the pointed models from those worlds are bisimilar. Note further that the union of bisimulations is also a bisimula ...
... If there exists a bisimulation (there could be more than one) between two models, they are said to be bisimilar. If there is a relation between two worlds in a bisimulation, we say the the pointed models from those worlds are bisimilar. Note further that the union of bisimulations is also a bisimula ...
page 113 THE AGM THEORY AND INCONSISTENT BELIEF
... any elementary class) in S, the condition (S4) ensures that there will be some spheres in S which intersects |A|, yet there is exactly one sphere S(A) which is smaller than any other such sphere. If |A| does not intersect any spheres, which by (S3) occurs only if |A| = φ, then S(A) is taken to be M ...
... any elementary class) in S, the condition (S4) ensures that there will be some spheres in S which intersects |A|, yet there is exactly one sphere S(A) which is smaller than any other such sphere. If |A| does not intersect any spheres, which by (S3) occurs only if |A| = φ, then S(A) is taken to be M ...
Suszko`s Thesis, Inferential Many-Valuedness, and the
... Reduction does not establish the existence of a characterizing class of structural two-valued models. Suszko was fully aware of this fact. In [39, p. 378] he explains that the logical valuations are morphisms (of formulas to the zero-one model) in some exceptional cases, only. Thus, the logical valu ...
... Reduction does not establish the existence of a characterizing class of structural two-valued models. Suszko was fully aware of this fact. In [39, p. 378] he explains that the logical valuations are morphisms (of formulas to the zero-one model) in some exceptional cases, only. Thus, the logical valu ...
Proof for functional programming - University of Kent School of
... The de ning forms of languages are more complex than simple equations. Section 3 looks at conditional de nitions (using `guards'), pattern matching and local de nitions (in let and where clauses) each of which adds complications, not least when the features interact. Reasoning cannot be completely e ...
... The de ning forms of languages are more complex than simple equations. Section 3 looks at conditional de nitions (using `guards'), pattern matching and local de nitions (in let and where clauses) each of which adds complications, not least when the features interact. Reasoning cannot be completely e ...
ICS 353: Design and Analysis of Algorithms
... • The quantifiers and have higher precedence than all logical operators from propositional calculus. • E.g., x P(x) Q(x) • means……………………….. • does not mean …………………… ...
... • The quantifiers and have higher precedence than all logical operators from propositional calculus. • E.g., x P(x) Q(x) • means……………………….. • does not mean …………………… ...
- Starter tutorials
... • A functional form or higher order function is a function that takes one or more functions as parameters or produces a function as its result, or both. • Examples of functional forms: – Function composition – Apply-to-all Vishnu Institute of technology – Website: www.vishnu.edu.in ...
... • A functional form or higher order function is a function that takes one or more functions as parameters or produces a function as its result, or both. • Examples of functional forms: – Function composition – Apply-to-all Vishnu Institute of technology – Website: www.vishnu.edu.in ...
x - Homepages | The University of Aberdeen
... • Lots of pathological cases. For example, – It will follow from the meaning of these formulas that xP(b) is true iff P(b) is true – Rule of thumb: a quantifier that does not bind any variables can be ignored ...
... • Lots of pathological cases. For example, – It will follow from the meaning of these formulas that xP(b) is true iff P(b) is true – Rule of thumb: a quantifier that does not bind any variables can be ignored ...
Section 1: Propositional Logic
... • A function can be written in many ways. For example, xy + x, x + yx, x(y + 1) and (x + z)y + x − yz are all ways of writing the same function. Logicians refer to the particular way a function is written as a statement form. You may wonder why we’re concerned with statement forms since we’re not co ...
... • A function can be written in many ways. For example, xy + x, x + yx, x(y + 1) and (x + z)y + x − yz are all ways of writing the same function. Logicians refer to the particular way a function is written as a statement form. You may wonder why we’re concerned with statement forms since we’re not co ...
Recursive Predicates And Quantifiers
... Consider the predicate form (x)R(a, x) where R is general recursive. This gives a particular predicate of the variable a, whenever we specify the general recursive predicate R(a, x) of two variables. In particular, (x)Ti(a, a, x) is a predicate of this form. We shall show that this predicate is neit ...
... Consider the predicate form (x)R(a, x) where R is general recursive. This gives a particular predicate of the variable a, whenever we specify the general recursive predicate R(a, x) of two variables. In particular, (x)Ti(a, a, x) is a predicate of this form. We shall show that this predicate is neit ...
Predicate logic definitions
... 3. An assignment of an n-place property to each n-place predicate except the two-place identity predicate =. 4. An assignment of a function, which maps each member of the UD to a member of the UD, to each function expression. Sentences of PL are defined to be true or false in a given interpretation ...
... 3. An assignment of an n-place property to each n-place predicate except the two-place identity predicate =. 4. An assignment of a function, which maps each member of the UD to a member of the UD, to each function expression. Sentences of PL are defined to be true or false in a given interpretation ...
Logic and Discrete Mathematics for Computer Scientists
... The formal approach to the presentation of material has, we believe, a number of significant advantages, especially for Computer Science students, but also, for more traditional math students who might find their way into the course. In mathematics departments proofs are typically learned by student ...
... The formal approach to the presentation of material has, we believe, a number of significant advantages, especially for Computer Science students, but also, for more traditional math students who might find their way into the course. In mathematics departments proofs are typically learned by student ...
07.1-Reasoning
... • If the agent feels a breeze, then it knows the PIT must be in the front or left or right square. • If the agent perceives a glitter, then it is in the square with the gold. • If the agent receives none, all directly adjacent squares are safe. ...
... • If the agent feels a breeze, then it knows the PIT must be in the front or left or right square. • If the agent perceives a glitter, then it is in the square with the gold. • If the agent receives none, all directly adjacent squares are safe. ...
Modal Languages and Bounded Fragments of Predicate Logic
... What precisely are fragments of classical first-order logic showing “modal” behaviour? Perhaps the most influential answer is that of Gabbay 1981, which identifies them with so-called “finite-variable fragments”, using only some fixed finite number of variables (free or bound). This view-point has b ...
... What precisely are fragments of classical first-order logic showing “modal” behaviour? Perhaps the most influential answer is that of Gabbay 1981, which identifies them with so-called “finite-variable fragments”, using only some fixed finite number of variables (free or bound). This view-point has b ...
On Rosser sentences and proof predicates
... D. de Jongh and G. Sambin. It was proven independently by the three that modal fixed points are unique, and de Jongh and Sambin also presented proofs for explicit definability of these fixed points. See for example Smoryński [11] for a thorough treatment. The sentences used in Rossers construction, ...
... D. de Jongh and G. Sambin. It was proven independently by the three that modal fixed points are unique, and de Jongh and Sambin also presented proofs for explicit definability of these fixed points. See for example Smoryński [11] for a thorough treatment. The sentences used in Rossers construction, ...