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Assimilative and Contrastive Emotional Reactions to Upward and
Assimilative and Contrastive Emotional Reactions to Upward and

... reflection processes. According to Tesser's model, comparison processes occur when we are confronted with another person's performance on a domain of high relevance to ourselves, particularly when this person is psychologically close. Tesser's intended meaning of closeness is broad, but it incorpora ...
Ch 8 - HCC Learning Web
Ch 8 - HCC Learning Web

... far better off than are the poor in some other parts of the world. Social mobility is a concern for all people in a socially stratified system. While individuals in the United States throughout the twentieth century generally experienced upward mobility intergenerationally and throughout their own l ...
Chapter 10: Symbolic Interactionism
Chapter 10: Symbolic Interactionism

... incorporate quantitative methodology into its research program. It has also been criticized for being too vague on the conceptual front and for downplaying large-scale social structures. Given its micro-level focus, some have argued that symbolic interactionism is not microscopic enough, because it ...
Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic Interactionism

... methodology and for failing to incorporate quantitative methodology into its research program. It has also been criticized for being too vague on the conceptual front and for downplaying large-scale social structures. Given its micro-level focus, some have argued that symbolic interactionism is not ...
Trade - AMS Campus
Trade - AMS Campus

... person. Products, from cars to aftershave, are often bought because a person is trying either to show off or to deny some aspect of his or her self. How consumers feel about themselves shapes their consumption habits, particularly as they try to fulfil social expectations about how a male or female ...
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology, Second Edition Chapter Summary
Ritzer, Introduction to Sociology, Second Edition Chapter Summary

... others respond to them, is fundamental to sociology. Symbolic interactionism has been a key theory in the sociological study of how individuals develop a sense of self. George Herbert Mead defined self as the ability to take oneself as an object and over time gain a sense of whom one is. As mind and ...
historical-comparative method 95
historical-comparative method 95

... their context in time and space, and sometime actually improve our understanding of those structures and processes.” (Tilly, 1984, 145) b. The relative value of comparative-historical method; or more specifically, the four types of comparisons categorized by Tilly, namely individualizing, universali ...
Survey Research by Klandermans Bert
Survey Research by Klandermans Bert

... individuals fills in a questionnaire encompassing questions about knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, behavior, demographics and other personal characteristics. In an organizational survey spokespersons of social movement organizations are questioned about their organization's structure, resource acquisi ...
document
document

... “A man will have three mistresses, and they’ll each put up with it because there are no other men around,” Hamilton said. Epidemiologists believe the AIDS rate among African-Americans would be lower if the incarceration rate dropped. ...
Lecture slides
Lecture slides

... • “The informants, it seems, have actively participated in how they are represented. Such appearances are, however, misleading… ... [The authors] chose what words to include, what to edit out, and how to frame the women’s words. • .. The book is my narrative as much as theirs. This does not invalid ...
Agency and Social Structure There are two very different
Agency and Social Structure There are two very different

... individuals, but denies that structures are in any way "determining." It seems to ignore the fact that individuals are only persons when they are "socialized" into some society or other. And it seems to ignore the fact that choices are themselves "structured." The second view, however, has little pl ...
Group 1
Group 1

...  Number of comparisons increases, more likely that groups being compared will appear to differ in terms of at least one attribute  Problem: (Test performed at significance level 5%) Out of 100 comparisons, there can be 5 statistically significant false positives ...
Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self
Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self

... Self-esteem is an important determinant of psychologAs I compare my feelings toward the book ical well-being that is particularly problematic during then and now, I can say that I have substanthe adolescent life stage. This study utilizes a sample tially greater confidence in the findings today of o ...
Newground Social Investment
Newground Social Investment

... The MSCI KLD 400 (formerly the Domini Social Index / KLD 400) was created to be an apples-to-apples comparison to the S&P 500 Index – but with a broad range of social and environmental screens incorporated. For more than 25 years it has outperformed the S&P 500. This long-term comparison demonstrate ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... Schachter’s studies of affiliation (cont.) – Directional comparison: • downward social comparison: bolsters sense of competence • upward social comparison: hope and motivation – The self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) model: people affiliate with individuals who do not outperform them in areas that ar ...
causes and effects of social change
causes and effects of social change

...  normlessness – social norms are no longer an effective guide  self-estrangement – an individual denies/negates personal interests and engages in impersonal/external activities to satisfy needs ...
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Social comparison theory

Social comparison theory, initially proposed by social psychologist Leon Festinger in 1954, centers on the belief that there is a drive within individuals to gain accurate self-evaluations. The theory explains how individuals evaluate their own opinions and abilities by comparing themselves to others in order to reduce uncertainty in these domains, and learn how to define the self.Following the initial theory, research began to focus on social comparison as a way of self-enhancement, introducing the concepts of downward and upward comparisons and expanding the motivations of social comparisons.
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