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The Universal Use of Symbols for Teaching
The Universal Use of Symbols for Teaching

... myths, there is little or no historical information or reference within the content that give clues as to when, or where, or even for whom they were written. Mahayana Buddhists are distinguished from Hinayanists, the “Lesser Journey or Vehicle”, by their belief in the sutras to be the word of a Budd ...
Buddhism (World Religions)
Buddhism (World Religions)

... pproximately 370 million people in the world today are practicing Buddhists, making Buddhism the fourth largest of the world’s religions. However, Buddhism has an influence even greater than the number of its adherents would indicate. From the time that Siddhartha Gautama—known as the Buddha—first p ...
Document
Document

... Union, writes a noteworthy and compelling argument that helps to further clarify the parameters of this thesis. Quli cautions the Buddhist Studies community against “Orientalism.” This is a cultural perspective that fosters a sense of protecting Asians from the contaminating forces of Western Buddhi ...
File
File

... not have been a Buddhist himself, but when he saw the Buddha approaching in the distance, he advised his fellow ascetics to become quiet, as he understood that Gotama Buddha praised the state of peace and quiet highly, and if they were at peace, the Buddha might approach and discuss the Dhamma with ...
to Word document
to Word document

... True Word, Zen, and Precepts schools. For some reason, however, there is less affliction and death among Nichiren’s followers. It is indeed mysterious. Is this because we are few in number, or because our faith is strong? When one brings forth the fundamental nature of enlightenment, then, according ...
View
View

... also question the concept, because if Eastern Afghanistan, Swat, Ancient Gandhara and parts of Northern Panjab (i.e. Taxila) compose, despite local differences, a cultural unit with a common language (gandhari), script (kharoÒ†hi), artistic idiom (Gandharan art) and distinctive history (having been ...
Right Concentration - Aryaloka Buddhist Center
Right Concentration - Aryaloka Buddhist Center

HAPPY IS HE WHO HAS OVERCOME HIS EGO
HAPPY IS HE WHO HAS OVERCOME HIS EGO

... Gautama spent many years after his enlightenment travelling around India, preaching and teaching. During his lifetime, he gained a considerable following, and Buddhism became established as a major religion as well as a philosophy. His teachings were passed down orally from generation to generation ...
Buddhist Beliefs - Sh. M Hassan Ali
Buddhist Beliefs - Sh. M Hassan Ali

... ...
Did The Buddha Teach SP?
Did The Buddha Teach SP?

... Nikāya, and it appears to be the source rather than any sort of confirmation for this attempt to align the two. Nonetheless, even if the attempt isn't very convincing, it reflects the fact that in teachings both early and late, the Buddha's mindfulness generally involves the breath. Does that includ ...
The Oral Composition and Transmission of Early Buddhist Texts
The Oral Composition and Transmission of Early Buddhist Texts

... not surprising that they exhibit so many striking features which appear alien to the modern reader and which, as stated earlier, are generally taken to be indicative of the oral status of this material. Stylistic features alone do not prove that a given text was originally oral, for written texts ca ...
Buddha name Siddhartha Gautama
Buddha name Siddhartha Gautama

... Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher from ancient India on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.[1] In most Buddhist traditions, he is regarded as the Supreme Buddha (P. sammāsambuddha, S. samyaksaṃbuddha) of our age, "Buddha" meaning "awakened one" or "the enlightened one." [note 1] The ...
Aspects of Early Buddhist Sociological Thought
Aspects of Early Buddhist Sociological Thought

regulations for the degree of
regulations for the degree of

... (c) An assessment of candidates’ coursework during their studies may be taken into account in determining their result in each written examination paper; or, where so prescribed in the syllabuses, may constitute part or whole of the assessment of one or more courses. (d) There shall be no appeal aga ...
Introduction to Tibetan “Literature”
Introduction to Tibetan “Literature”

... traditionally write instructions to their followers concerning where they will be reborn, often including such information as family name, details of one or more parents, and time of birth. • Their disciples open the letter at a prearranged time after the Karmapa’s death, follow the master’s instruc ...
Introduction to Buddhism
Introduction to Buddhism

Jewel in the Ashes: Buddha relics and power in early medieval Japan
Jewel in the Ashes: Buddha relics and power in early medieval Japan

... gious practice?” Despite general agreement on this point, Western scholars of Japanese religion— particularly of Japanese Buddhism— have tended to focus on Buddhist thought. There are few Western studies that examine Japanese Buddhist ritual practices and their rhetorical functions. Brian D. Ruppert ...
Alternative Traditions
Alternative Traditions

... thoughts, however, I decided to organize them into three main groups, according to whether the works of which they were reviews dealt with the Theravada, with Ch’an or Zen, or with Tibetan Buddhism, which between them represent the three principle phases in the historical development of Indian Buddh ...
Was the Buddha Omniscient?
Was the Buddha Omniscient?

this PDF file
this PDF file

... difficulties of these two Buddhist groups are quite different, and hence the temples or Buddhist organizations of these two groups respond very differently in the social and cultural fields. It is important to recognize and understand the differences: on the one hand, refugees, often impaired physic ...
XIV Dalai Lama combined effort
XIV Dalai Lama combined effort

... alike. In effect, he has put Buddhist dharma into practice, thus ensuring that Buddhism as a theology is a living religious system which affects the daily life of its adherents. Moreover, His Holiness is the first Dalai Lama to engage in dialogue with three Catholic Popes, namely, Paul VI, John Paul ...
The Role of Buddhism in Society and Radical Buddhist
The Role of Buddhism in Society and Radical Buddhist

... and spreading hate and anti-halal campaigns. This depicts an unusual image of the saffron sheeted Buddhists, shattering all stereotypes of the religion. Buddhism is believed to be perhaps the most non-violent religion among the major world religions, yet the examples above, which I in this essay ref ...
international journal of engineering sciences
international journal of engineering sciences

... pilgrimages from the different parts of world in recent time. The beautiful yatra, Car festivals of Lord Jagannath motivate many devotees from different parts of the world. There are many spots of Orissa, which deserve to be publicized worldwide by international tourism. The temple architect and scu ...
日莲正宗佛法介绍 - 新加坡日莲正宗佛教会Nichiren Shoshu Buddhist
日莲正宗佛法介绍 - 新加坡日莲正宗佛教会Nichiren Shoshu Buddhist

SFU Forschungsbulletin
SFU Forschungsbulletin

... and direct relevance in the psychotherapeutic and health- and clinical-psychological applications of mindfulness meditation. However, even if one works on psychologically applying mindfulness outside of the traditional religious contexts, the question of enlightenment practically plays a role in the ...
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Bhikkhuni



A bhikkhunī (Pali) or bhikṣuṇī (Sanskrit) is a fully ordained female monastic in Buddhism. Male monastics are called bhikkhus. Both bhikkhunis and bhikkhus live by the Vinaya, a set of rules. Until recently, the lineages of female monastics only remained in Mahayana Buddhism and thus are prevalent in countries such as Korea, Vietnam, China, and Taiwan but a few women have taken the full monastic vows in the Theravada and Vajrayana schools over the last decade.In Buddhism, women are as capable of reaching nirvana as men. According to Buddhist scriptures, the order of bhikkhunis was first created by the Buddha at the specific request of his aunt and foster-mother Mahapajapati Gotami, who became the first ordained bhikkhuni. A famous work of the early Buddhist schools is the Therigatha, a collection of poems by elder nuns about enlightenment that was preserved in the Pāli Canon.Bhikkhunis are required to take extra vows, the Eight Garudhammas, and are subordinate to and reliant upon the bhikkhu order. In places where the bhikkhuni lineage was historically missing or has died out, due to hardship, alternative forms of renunciation have developed. In Tibetan Buddhism, women officially take the vows of śrāmaṇerīs (novitiates); Theravadin woman may choose to take an informal and limited set of vows similar to the historical vows of the sāmaṇerī, like the maechi of Thailand and thilashin or Burma.
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