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Safety during Hardware Commissioning - Indico
Safety during Hardware Commissioning - Indico

...  During this tests, voltages up to 1.9 kV dc are applied between circuits and ground.  The powered circuit (mainly capacitance versus ground) becomes a second generator as soon as it gets energy stored.  The HVQ equipment is connected to the live parts of current leads with specific crocodile con ...
MAX9111/MAX9113 Single/Dual LVDS Line Receivers with Ultra-Low Pulse Skew in SOT23 General Description
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... Note 9: tSKD3 is the magnitude difference of any differential propagation delays between devices at the same VCC and within 5°C of each other. Note 10: tSKD4, is the magnitude difference of any differential propagation delays between devices operating over the rated supply and temperature ranges. ...
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Zahn, M., and J.K. Skinner, Novel Self-excited Alternating Operation of Coupled Commutator Machines, Journal of the Franklin Institute 296, 1-13, 1973
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... differential equations which govern such systems are linear constant coefficient in time, exponential solutions of the form exp (at) can be assumed. To examine for self-excitation, we simply solve for the natural frequencies s. If the real part of s is positive, voltage build-up will occur at an exp ...
Electrical Installations Level 2 - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
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... The primary role of an electrician is the installation of electrical circuits and applications. In order to install any type of application, however, it is vital that from the start of your career you are able to put together basic circuitry. This requires knowledge of all parts of the electrical ci ...
Lectures 10-11 Effect of source inductance on phase controlled AC
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Three-Phase TTR® Transformer Turns Ratio Test Set
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... The rapid increase in the demand for electricity and the recent change in the environmental conditions such as global warming led to a need for a new source of energy that is cheaper and sustainable with less carbon emissions. Solar energy has offered promising results in the quest of finding the so ...
MP4032-1 - Monolithic Power System
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... control for lighting applications in a single-stage converter. The proprietary real-current control can accurately control the secondary-side LED current using primary-side information. It simplifies LED lighting systems and increases efficiency by removing the secondary feedback components and the ...
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Heater / Filament Supplies
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... reference and to prevent the 50Hz heater hum reaching the HT supply. It's actual value is not critical, anything over 10uF should be fine. DC heater supplies: Properly designed DC supplies do not cause hum since the stray current between filament and cathode is unchanging. However, DC supplies nearl ...
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... As observed previously, there has been ‘variable speed’ trend in the WT market due to its greater energy yield along with other advantages and will be so in the future with DFIG and PMSG leading the market base on the various data and literature [4,8,9,27]. The two newer concepts, BDFIG and BDFRG ar ...
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... their ideal operation in noninverting configuration ...
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Part 12: AC Power Factor And Apparent Power
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... 12.5 Disadvantages Of Low Power Factor The disadvantages of a low power factor stem from the fact that a load with a low power factor will draw a large current: (i) Large cables, switchgear and transformers may be necessary both within the installation and in the supply mains feeding it. (ii) Low-po ...
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... rules. Make sure that you do not choose a PPR that will exceed the maximum input frequency of the controller (or whatever device the encoder is driving). To calculate the max frequency of the encoder signal (in Hz): simply multiply the speed that the encoder will spin (in revs/sec) by the PPR of the ...
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... overvoltage protection against slow- and fast front surges in electrical transmission systems. This objective can only be achieved when the high voltage surge arrester will not be overstressed due to a large non-linear voltage- and temperature distribution. The emergence of such higher voltage or te ...
Comparing Topologies and the (Design) Rules
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... the voltage (VIN-VOUT) at which typical qualification devices (98% devices, 95% confidence) survived at least 100 trip cycles and 24hours trip endurance at the specified voltage (VIN-VOUT) and current (IPTC). VINT Max testing is conducted using a "shorted" load (VOUT = 0V). VINT Max is a survivabili ...
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Electrical substation



A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control.A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. As central generation stations became larger, smaller generating plants were converted to distribution stations, receiving their energy supply from a larger plant instead of using their own generators. The first substations were connected to only one power station, where the generators were housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station.
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