Earthquake triggering and large-scale geologic storage of
... Fig. 3. Instrumentally recorded seismicity in the New Madrid and Wabash Valley seismic zones (modified from ref. 23). Red circles indicate earthquakes that occurred from 1974 to 2002 with magnitudes larger than 2.5 located using modern instruments. Green circles denote earthquakes that occurred befor ...
... Fig. 3. Instrumentally recorded seismicity in the New Madrid and Wabash Valley seismic zones (modified from ref. 23). Red circles indicate earthquakes that occurred from 1974 to 2002 with magnitudes larger than 2.5 located using modern instruments. Green circles denote earthquakes that occurred befor ...
Full-waveform inversion of the Japanese Islands region
... To derive a 3-D model of the Japanese Islands region from the seismic recordings, we applied full-waveform inversion [e.g., Bamberger et al., 1982; Igel et al., 1996; Pratt, 1999; Chen et al., 2007; Fichtner et al., 2009a; Tape et al., 2010; Colli et al., 2013], described schematically in the workflo ...
... To derive a 3-D model of the Japanese Islands region from the seismic recordings, we applied full-waveform inversion [e.g., Bamberger et al., 1982; Igel et al., 1996; Pratt, 1999; Chen et al., 2007; Fichtner et al., 2009a; Tape et al., 2010; Colli et al., 2013], described schematically in the workflo ...
II. Overview Of structure
... Myanmar and the potential of its popularity will be greater in future. The proposed building is superstructure of 12- storey steel building. Steel have been used for many years in building construction. Steel structures are stiff; lesser time is required for construction; they are easier for fabrica ...
... Myanmar and the potential of its popularity will be greater in future. The proposed building is superstructure of 12- storey steel building. Steel have been used for many years in building construction. Steel structures are stiff; lesser time is required for construction; they are easier for fabrica ...
Seismic tomography of compressional wave attenuation structure for
... frequency-independent attenuation operator. The Ω0ij term includes a geometrical spreading factor. However, amplitude also depends on the focusing/defocusing of rays by the heterogeneous velocity structure, which can be described by the second derivative of the traveltime curve and is complicated to ...
... frequency-independent attenuation operator. The Ω0ij term includes a geometrical spreading factor. However, amplitude also depends on the focusing/defocusing of rays by the heterogeneous velocity structure, which can be described by the second derivative of the traveltime curve and is complicated to ...
Onshore-offshore seismic transect from the eastern Nankai Trough to central
... The Nankai Trough is an active subduction zone where the Philippine Sea Plate subducts beneath the Japanese island arc. The convergence rate at the Nankai Trough is estimated to be 43–46 mm/yr from earthquake mechanism studies with geological constraints (Seno et al., 1993). Recent continuous Global ...
... The Nankai Trough is an active subduction zone where the Philippine Sea Plate subducts beneath the Japanese island arc. The convergence rate at the Nankai Trough is estimated to be 43–46 mm/yr from earthquake mechanism studies with geological constraints (Seno et al., 1993). Recent continuous Global ...
OUTER RISE SEISMICITY OF THE SUBDUCTING NAZCA PLATE
... down to 50 km depth is the stage of the water cycle that may affect plate interface slip and other shallow subduction zone processes [ Jarrard, 2003; Shelly et al., 2006; Audet et al., 2009; Emry et al., 2014]. In intermediate depth dehydration (50 - 100 km), water expels from the lower crustal laye ...
... down to 50 km depth is the stage of the water cycle that may affect plate interface slip and other shallow subduction zone processes [ Jarrard, 2003; Shelly et al., 2006; Audet et al., 2009; Emry et al., 2014]. In intermediate depth dehydration (50 - 100 km), water expels from the lower crustal laye ...
Two species of microcracks
... volume of material to be examined is small (a sample in a laboratory stress-cell, say), AE can be used to study FFM microcracks as they open (Lockner, 1993). If the volume to be examined is large enough to be spanned by several seismic wavelengths (a volume of in situ rock, say), a range of seismic ...
... volume of material to be examined is small (a sample in a laboratory stress-cell, say), AE can be used to study FFM microcracks as they open (Lockner, 1993). If the volume to be examined is large enough to be spanned by several seismic wavelengths (a volume of in situ rock, say), a range of seismic ...
Long-term frequency and damping wandering in buildings
... Frequency variations are less correlated between T and L for either building (correlation coefficient CBD=0.75 and CMB=0.65), and more correlated between the buildings when the same direction is considered (CT=0.89 and CL=0.85). This can be explained by the effects of sun exposure, the same faces be ...
... Frequency variations are less correlated between T and L for either building (correlation coefficient CBD=0.75 and CMB=0.65), and more correlated between the buildings when the same direction is considered (CT=0.89 and CL=0.85). This can be explained by the effects of sun exposure, the same faces be ...
Dynamic parameters of structures extracted from ambient
... can be found in literature. The updating procedure can use only the first frequency to check if the others are well represented by the model or all the measured modal parameters. In this paper, we use simple elastic lumped-mass modelling because of its low-cost for a large set of buildings. Moreover ...
... can be found in literature. The updating procedure can use only the first frequency to check if the others are well represented by the model or all the measured modal parameters. In this paper, we use simple elastic lumped-mass modelling because of its low-cost for a large set of buildings. Moreover ...
Uncovering the relationship between subducting
... Here we capitalise on the establishment of a number of global digital datasets to develop a quantitative link between some of these asperities and the generation of significant subduction earthquakes (significant earthquakes are defined to be those with moment magnitudes larger than 5.0). In particu ...
... Here we capitalise on the establishment of a number of global digital datasets to develop a quantitative link between some of these asperities and the generation of significant subduction earthquakes (significant earthquakes are defined to be those with moment magnitudes larger than 5.0). In particu ...
PDF (incl supplementary material) - Bullard Laboratories
... at the dominant period of the data (Figure 3a). We identify all events with similar waveforms and group them into clusters using hierarchical average-linkage clustering with the dendrogram method (Hartigan, 1975). During the deployment period, 41% of events within the southern array exhibited a high ...
... at the dominant period of the data (Figure 3a). We identify all events with similar waveforms and group them into clusters using hierarchical average-linkage clustering with the dendrogram method (Hartigan, 1975). During the deployment period, 41% of events within the southern array exhibited a high ...
Where Are Earthquakes Happening Right Now? Worksheet
... a. Looking at the newly added red U.S. fault lines, what do you think a fault is? How do you think they are associated with earthquakes? ...
... a. Looking at the newly added red U.S. fault lines, what do you think a fault is? How do you think they are associated with earthquakes? ...
Anomalous stress diffusion in earthquake triggering: Correlation
... distances between 80 and 140 km. Reasenberg [1999], who studied foreshock occurrence (earthquakes with mb 5.0) before large earthquakes (mb 6.0 or mb 7.0) with worldwide catalogues, found no interaction at interevent distances greater than 75 km and interevent times greater than 10 days. Lomni ...
... distances between 80 and 140 km. Reasenberg [1999], who studied foreshock occurrence (earthquakes with mb 5.0) before large earthquakes (mb 6.0 or mb 7.0) with worldwide catalogues, found no interaction at interevent distances greater than 75 km and interevent times greater than 10 days. Lomni ...
Source mechanisms of dike-induced earthquakes in the Dabbahu
... with independent geodetic and field constraints on fault slip and length (e.g. Rowland et al. 2007). Improved depth estimates enable us to determine where the studied dike-induced earthquakes and their associated faulting mechanisms occur during dike propagation. Here source mechanisms of the larges ...
... with independent geodetic and field constraints on fault slip and length (e.g. Rowland et al. 2007). Improved depth estimates enable us to determine where the studied dike-induced earthquakes and their associated faulting mechanisms occur during dike propagation. Here source mechanisms of the larges ...
Depth to the Juan de Fuca Slab Beneath the Cascadia Subduction
... However, the lack of well-constrained profiles leaves open the geometry of the deeper slab beneath Oregon. For the purposes of this study, we have extrapolated a constant dip from the deeper profiles and transects down to a projected depth of 90 to 110 km beneath the arc volcanoes. This likely overs ...
... However, the lack of well-constrained profiles leaves open the geometry of the deeper slab beneath Oregon. For the purposes of this study, we have extrapolated a constant dip from the deeper profiles and transects down to a projected depth of 90 to 110 km beneath the arc volcanoes. This likely overs ...
Tsunamis
... suddenly receding from the shore. You must go to high ground—at least 100 feet above sea level—immediately. 3. Safe. The first indication of an approaching tsunami could be an unusual rise in the water along the shore. You must head inland and up to high ground immediately. 4. Safe. Stay at your saf ...
... suddenly receding from the shore. You must go to high ground—at least 100 feet above sea level—immediately. 3. Safe. The first indication of an approaching tsunami could be an unusual rise in the water along the shore. You must head inland and up to high ground immediately. 4. Safe. Stay at your saf ...
Rapid Visual Screening for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings
... Sikkim (M6.8) in 2011. These earthquakes caused around 2 lakh causalities. However, similar high intensity earthquakes in the US, Japan, etc., do not lead to such an enormous loss of lives, as the structures in these countries are earthquake resistant. During 2001 Bhuj earthquake, massive damage was ...
... Sikkim (M6.8) in 2011. These earthquakes caused around 2 lakh causalities. However, similar high intensity earthquakes in the US, Japan, etc., do not lead to such an enormous loss of lives, as the structures in these countries are earthquake resistant. During 2001 Bhuj earthquake, massive damage was ...
Four Storey Office Building in Muzaffarabad
... About the Project NED University of Engineering (NED) and Technology and GeoHazards International (GHI), a California based non-profit organization that improves global earthquake safety, are working to build capacity in Pakistan's academic, public, and private sectors to assess and reduce the seism ...
... About the Project NED University of Engineering (NED) and Technology and GeoHazards International (GHI), a California based non-profit organization that improves global earthquake safety, are working to build capacity in Pakistan's academic, public, and private sectors to assess and reduce the seism ...
Slab temperature controls on the Tonga double
... 300 km, are observed at most subduction zones. The causes for this seismicity remain controversial because the pressure (P) and temperature (T) are too high to allow brittle failure. Of particular interest are double seismic zones (DSZs) discovered in several subduction zones, in which intermediate- ...
... 300 km, are observed at most subduction zones. The causes for this seismicity remain controversial because the pressure (P) and temperature (T) are too high to allow brittle failure. Of particular interest are double seismic zones (DSZs) discovered in several subduction zones, in which intermediate- ...
Quantitative analysis of fault zone
... We developed a grid-search method augmented by station corrections to locate the events that were recorded only by the FZ array. The grid-search method uses accurately picked P arrivals and S–P times and determines locations by minimizing the L2 norm of traveltime residuals between observed data and ...
... We developed a grid-search method augmented by station corrections to locate the events that were recorded only by the FZ array. The grid-search method uses accurately picked P arrivals and S–P times and determines locations by minimizing the L2 norm of traveltime residuals between observed data and ...
Using the AS-1 Seismograph and AmaSeis
... Internet, and making consistent observations of data. Over 3 years of experience with monitoring earthquakes with the AS-1 seismograph demonstrates that even in the relatively low seismicity Midwest or eastern North America, frequent (mostly teleseismic) earthquakes are recorded at relatively quiet ...
... Internet, and making consistent observations of data. Over 3 years of experience with monitoring earthquakes with the AS-1 seismograph demonstrates that even in the relatively low seismicity Midwest or eastern North America, frequent (mostly teleseismic) earthquakes are recorded at relatively quiet ...
Influences of Solar Cycles on Earthquakes
... and Dalton, both occurred after 1600. During these two periods it was possible to observe the importance that tectonic plates played in the incidence of events. Our calculations provided results for the entire period (1600-1900) what included the maxima and the minima occurred. The monitoring of the ...
... and Dalton, both occurred after 1600. During these two periods it was possible to observe the importance that tectonic plates played in the incidence of events. Our calculations provided results for the entire period (1600-1900) what included the maxima and the minima occurred. The monitoring of the ...
CLASSIFICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL TYPES AND DAMAGE
... safety of damaged buildings, however, a mass of investigation by the regional inhabitants is considered to be very effective in attempt to almost grasp the outlines of the damage situation in the whole area. If they used our visualized damage pattern in this case, they could intuitively grasp the de ...
... safety of damaged buildings, however, a mass of investigation by the regional inhabitants is considered to be very effective in attempt to almost grasp the outlines of the damage situation in the whole area. If they used our visualized damage pattern in this case, they could intuitively grasp the de ...
Observing spatio-temporal clustering and separation using
... works report that both interevent distances or “jumps” between earthquake epicentres (Davidsen and Paczuski, 2005; Corral, 2006) and the interevent times, or return times (Bak et al., 2002; Corral, 2004), exhibit statistical distributions involving power-law regimes, revealing the complex spatiotemp ...
... works report that both interevent distances or “jumps” between earthquake epicentres (Davidsen and Paczuski, 2005; Corral, 2006) and the interevent times, or return times (Bak et al., 2002; Corral, 2004), exhibit statistical distributions involving power-law regimes, revealing the complex spatiotemp ...
1988 Armenian earthquake
The 1988 Armenian earthquake, also known as the Spitak earthquake (Armenian: Սպիտակի երկրաշարժ Spitaki yerkrašarž) occurred in the northern region of Armenia (then part of the Soviet Union) on Wednesday, December 7, 1988 at 11:41 local time (07:41 UTC). The earthquake measured 6.8 on the surface wave magnitude scale and had a maximum perceived intensity of X (Devastating) on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale. The region that the earthquake occurred is vulnerable to occasional large and destructive earthquakes and is part of a larger active seismic belt that stretches from the Alps to the Himalayas. Activity in the area is associated with tectonic plate boundary interaction and the source of the event was a slip of a thrust fault just to the north of Spitak.Seismologists thoroughly studied the effects of the Spitak event, including the mainshock and aftershock fault rupture mechanisms and were on site setting up temporary seismometers before the end of 1988. Earthquake engineering experts scrutinized building construction styles and found fault in the poorly constructed apartments and other buildings that were built during the Era of Stagnation under the rule of Leonid Brezhnev. The cities of Spitak, Leninakan (Gyumri), and Kirovakan (Vanadzor) were greatly affected with large losses of life and devastating effects to buildings and other structures. A number of the smaller outlying villages away from the larger population centers were also severely affected.Despite the tensions of the Cold War, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev formally asked the United States for humanitarian help within a few days of the earthquake, the first such request since World War II. One hundred and thirteen countries sent substantial amounts of humanitarian aid to the Soviet Union in the form of rescue equipment, search teams and medical supplies, but private donations and assistance from non-governmental organizations also had a large part of the international effort. While transporting some of these supplies to the region, a Soviet aircraft carrying 78 relief workers from Azerbaijan and a transport plane from Yugoslavia were both destroyed in separate incidents. In support of the relief effort, recording artists united to produce several music-related contributions for the victims of the quake. A song was produced by a duo of French composers (including Charles Aznavour) and a studio album that featured songs donated by mainstream rock bands was released from the Rock Aid Armenia effort by the British music industry.