Outsourcing in the Software Development Industry
... potential to reveal re-engineering methods which will save costs in the long run. One such example would be using the same hardware across borders for testing, exploiting the time zone differences. Of course, there would be bandwidth and cost implications for this, and thus investigation is required ...
... potential to reveal re-engineering methods which will save costs in the long run. One such example would be using the same hardware across borders for testing, exploiting the time zone differences. Of course, there would be bandwidth and cost implications for this, and thus investigation is required ...
- Salaries and Remuneration Commission
... terms and conditions of employment across the entire public sector. The government should remunerate jobs of the same value with the same pay range in accordance with the principle of “equal pay for work of equal value”, and it should target output (given productivity) as an instrument to enhance pa ...
... terms and conditions of employment across the entire public sector. The government should remunerate jobs of the same value with the same pay range in accordance with the principle of “equal pay for work of equal value”, and it should target output (given productivity) as an instrument to enhance pa ...
Lectures on Job Creation and Job Destruction
... If net employment changes are very large and mainly driven by contraction and exit, as will be the case particularly during the early phase of transition, then gross might not capture the reallocation of jobs very well. For example, if, like in U.S., pos= 10% and neg=10%, then gross=20 % reflects tr ...
... If net employment changes are very large and mainly driven by contraction and exit, as will be the case particularly during the early phase of transition, then gross might not capture the reallocation of jobs very well. For example, if, like in U.S., pos= 10% and neg=10%, then gross=20 % reflects tr ...
CHAPTER 12
... research on it is not very definitive. It has failed to find convincing evidence that worker satisfaction leads to an increase in productivity. And although it seems logical that employees derive satisfaction from being paid well or getting desired benefits or services, this is a very subjective con ...
... research on it is not very definitive. It has failed to find convincing evidence that worker satisfaction leads to an increase in productivity. And although it seems logical that employees derive satisfaction from being paid well or getting desired benefits or services, this is a very subjective con ...
Discussion Paper On Working Time - Australian Council of Trade
... Similar evidence is shown in terms of casual employees who would 'prefer' permanent status. This is shown by Romeyn (1992) and Simpson (1994). For example, Simpson shows that 41.6% of casual workers preferred permanent work, compared to 50.6% who were satisfied with casual status in August 1986 (see ...
... Similar evidence is shown in terms of casual employees who would 'prefer' permanent status. This is shown by Romeyn (1992) and Simpson (1994). For example, Simpson shows that 41.6% of casual workers preferred permanent work, compared to 50.6% who were satisfied with casual status in August 1986 (see ...
Pre-Employment Talent Based Assessments and Their Impact of
... Literature Review: Since March and Simon’s (1958) early study on factors affecting employees desire to leave their organization many studies have expanded to explore the correlation between preemployment factors to retention and worker productivity. Pre-hire assessments are a “below-thesurface view ...
... Literature Review: Since March and Simon’s (1958) early study on factors affecting employees desire to leave their organization many studies have expanded to explore the correlation between preemployment factors to retention and worker productivity. Pre-hire assessments are a “below-thesurface view ...
Chapter 7 Economic management using microeconomic
... the price of imports to make them dearer, or less attractive, to local consumers. Because this limits foreign competition in local markets, economists agree that high tariffs cause resources to be allocated inefficiently into industries where we have a comparative cost disadvantage. The existence of ...
... the price of imports to make them dearer, or less attractive, to local consumers. Because this limits foreign competition in local markets, economists agree that high tariffs cause resources to be allocated inefficiently into industries where we have a comparative cost disadvantage. The existence of ...
Do labor market policies affect employment composition? Lessons
... linear utility functions and capital markets are perfect and characterized by a safe interest rate. Agents decide to become employed or remain unemployed by maximizing utility under rational expectations over their horizon. They are identical in all respects. There is also a continuum of firms, each ...
... linear utility functions and capital markets are perfect and characterized by a safe interest rate. Agents decide to become employed or remain unemployed by maximizing utility under rational expectations over their horizon. They are identical in all respects. There is also a continuum of firms, each ...
Firms, Nonprofits, and Cooperatives: A Theory of Organizational
... heterogenous interests among the original members, with disagreement about business development particularly between large international banks and local specialists (Steil, 2002). Demutualization of exchanges was thus seen as an optimal organizational response to tougher competition and more costly ...
... heterogenous interests among the original members, with disagreement about business development particularly between large international banks and local specialists (Steil, 2002). Demutualization of exchanges was thus seen as an optimal organizational response to tougher competition and more costly ...
DRUID WORKING PAPER NO. 96-16
... the issue of adaptability vis-á-vis volatile environments often is regarded as a contingency facing the service sector. However, the results from the questionnaire suggest that the strategic issues and contingencies facing the modern firm are becoming similar across the manufacturing and service sec ...
... the issue of adaptability vis-á-vis volatile environments often is regarded as a contingency facing the service sector. However, the results from the questionnaire suggest that the strategic issues and contingencies facing the modern firm are becoming similar across the manufacturing and service sec ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES LAW AND EMPLOYMENT: James Heckman
... compensation to be awarded to workers depending on the reason for the termination. In contrast, temporary contracts can be terminated at no cost provided that the duration of the contract has expired. To prevent firms from exclusively hiring workers under temporary contracts, in most countries the u ...
... compensation to be awarded to workers depending on the reason for the termination. In contrast, temporary contracts can be terminated at no cost provided that the duration of the contract has expired. To prevent firms from exclusively hiring workers under temporary contracts, in most countries the u ...
Good Work, High Performance and Productivity
... evidence of both work intensification and declining flexibility. In some ways this is surprising because it has often been assumed that “high performance work systems” are in their very nature better for employees. It is said that multi-skilling, multi-tasking, flatter hierarchies, more team working ...
... evidence of both work intensification and declining flexibility. In some ways this is surprising because it has often been assumed that “high performance work systems” are in their very nature better for employees. It is said that multi-skilling, multi-tasking, flatter hierarchies, more team working ...
Pay Structure Decisions
... ranges refer to different employees in the same job that may have different pay rates. Key jobs are benchmark jobs that have relatively stable content and are common to many organizations so that market-pay survey data can be obtained. Nonkey jobs are unique to organizations and cannot be direct ...
... ranges refer to different employees in the same job that may have different pay rates. Key jobs are benchmark jobs that have relatively stable content and are common to many organizations so that market-pay survey data can be obtained. Nonkey jobs are unique to organizations and cannot be direct ...
View full document in PDF format - Caledon Institute of Social Policy
... for decades. But the option now seems more remote as the climate for new government spending has turned cold. And some opponents rail that a guaranteed income would weaken the work ethic. Detractors also worry about the costs of such a scheme – especially if the minimum income is more than minimal. ...
... for decades. But the option now seems more remote as the climate for new government spending has turned cold. And some opponents rail that a guaranteed income would weaken the work ethic. Detractors also worry about the costs of such a scheme – especially if the minimum income is more than minimal. ...
20. RETURNS AND REPORT SELECTOR 20.1 Furniture Bargaining
... Once you have finalised the Return you can either print the Return and send it to the Furniture Bargaining Council or you can submit the Return online. NUFAWSA Monthly Return Form ...
... Once you have finalised the Return you can either print the Return and send it to the Furniture Bargaining Council or you can submit the Return online. NUFAWSA Monthly Return Form ...
TOWARDS A SOCIOLOGY OF UNEMPLOYMENT*
... What is the link between these two analytical tendencies? The recognition that under productive restructuring and intensified globalization of corporate business strategies, job opportunities are affected by two trends. One is towards convergence (and thus homogenization) and the other is towards h ...
... What is the link between these two analytical tendencies? The recognition that under productive restructuring and intensified globalization of corporate business strategies, job opportunities are affected by two trends. One is towards convergence (and thus homogenization) and the other is towards h ...
expected and actual impact of employment standards
... work when sick are not likely to be productive and can infect others with that associated cost. But personal leaves may be difficult for employers, and especially small employers, to adjust to because they are not necessarily known or anticipated in advance. As well, workers clearly respond to the i ...
... work when sick are not likely to be productive and can infect others with that associated cost. But personal leaves may be difficult for employers, and especially small employers, to adjust to because they are not necessarily known or anticipated in advance. As well, workers clearly respond to the i ...
Corporate Social Performance and Stock Returns
... Several papers have investigated the relationship between a firm’s degree of corporate social responsibility and its reputation. Enhanced corporate social performance may lead to improved stock returns either directly through cost reductions and productivity improvements, or indirectly through an im ...
... Several papers have investigated the relationship between a firm’s degree of corporate social responsibility and its reputation. Enhanced corporate social performance may lead to improved stock returns either directly through cost reductions and productivity improvements, or indirectly through an im ...
Understanding the Informal Sector: Do Informal and Formal Firms
... match the patterns in the data. Higher productivity firms face less competition, as measured by a smaller decline in profits from informal competition. At an industry level, this reflects higher productivity industries having less competition between formal and informal firms. The broader literature ...
... match the patterns in the data. Higher productivity firms face less competition, as measured by a smaller decline in profits from informal competition. At an industry level, this reflects higher productivity industries having less competition between formal and informal firms. The broader literature ...
2010 Collective Bargaining and Comparative Information
... from this survey are displayed as Min., Median, and Max. wages. When displaying Dover’s wage information Min., Actual, and Max. are used. CareerInfoNet.org provides national, state and local career information and labor market data using career tools, career reports, a career resource library and ot ...
... from this survey are displayed as Min., Median, and Max. wages. When displaying Dover’s wage information Min., Actual, and Max. are used. CareerInfoNet.org provides national, state and local career information and labor market data using career tools, career reports, a career resource library and ot ...
Employment and Output Dynamics in a Model with Social Interactions in
... acteristics, where the labor supply elasticity typically suggested by macroeconomic studies may be as large as 4.3 Such a mismatch between the microeconomic and macroeconomic estimates about the wage elasticity of labor supply has been regarded as a puzzle in the business cycle literature. However, ...
... acteristics, where the labor supply elasticity typically suggested by macroeconomic studies may be as large as 4.3 Such a mismatch between the microeconomic and macroeconomic estimates about the wage elasticity of labor supply has been regarded as a puzzle in the business cycle literature. However, ...
The Informal Sector: What Is It, Do We Measure It? CHAPTER 1
... with the costs of doing business. In this spirit, the informal firm, as depicted by de Soto (1989), is excluded from the benefits of the state and hobbled in its participation in the market economy; the informal worker is excluded from the benefits enjoyed by a privileged caste of workers. Further, ...
... with the costs of doing business. In this spirit, the informal firm, as depicted by de Soto (1989), is excluded from the benefits of the state and hobbled in its participation in the market economy; the informal worker is excluded from the benefits enjoyed by a privileged caste of workers. Further, ...
Here - Centro di Ricerche e Documentazione Piero Sraffa
... displacement by the marginalist approach. The aim of this paper is to make a start on filling this gap by clarifying some aspects of Marx’s analysis of the determinants of wages and of the peculiarity of labour as a commodity. In particular, the paper will concentrate upon three related issues. The ...
... displacement by the marginalist approach. The aim of this paper is to make a start on filling this gap by clarifying some aspects of Marx’s analysis of the determinants of wages and of the peculiarity of labour as a commodity. In particular, the paper will concentrate upon three related issues. The ...
Efficiency wage
In labor economics, the efficiency wage hypothesis argues that wages, at least in some markets, form in a way that is not market-clearing. Specifically, it points to the incentive for managers to pay their employees more than the market-clearing wage in order to increase their productivity or efficiency, or reduce costs associated with turnover, in industries where the costs of replacing labor are high. This increased labor productivity and/or decreased costs pay for the higher wages.Because workers are paid more than the equilibrium wage, there may be unemployment. Efficiency wages offer therefore a market failure explanation of unemployment – in contrast to theories which emphasize government intervention (such as minimum wages). However, efficiency wages do not necessarily imply unemployment, but only uncleared markets and job rationing in those markets. There may be full employment in the economy, and yet efficiency wages may prevail in some occupations. In this case there will be excess supply for those occupations, but some applicants are not hired and have to work for a probably lower wage elsewhere. The term ""efficiency-wages"" (or rather ""efficiency-earnings"") has been introduced by Alfred Marshall to denote the wage per efficiency unit of labor. Marshallian efficiency wages would make employers pay different wages to workers who are of different efficiency, such that the employer would be indifferent between more efficient workers and less efficient workers. The modern use of the term is quite different and refers to the idea that higher wages may increase the efficiency of the workers through various channels, and make it worth while for the employers to offer wages that exceed a market-clearing level.