Theoretical studies of microcavities and photonic crystals for lasing and waveguiding applications
... to initiate the lasing effect. In contrast, microcavities can be utilized to sustain highly efficient, almost ”thresholdless”, lasing action. Such the efficiency is related to the existence of the natural cavity resonances. These resonances are known as morphology-dependent resonances or whispering ...
... to initiate the lasing effect. In contrast, microcavities can be utilized to sustain highly efficient, almost ”thresholdless”, lasing action. Such the efficiency is related to the existence of the natural cavity resonances. These resonances are known as morphology-dependent resonances or whispering ...
Fresnel equations
... Consider a stick of wood in place of the electric vector. If the wood impacts a water surface at an angle, the stick slides into the water and is not reflected. However, if the stick lands parallel to the water surface, it can bounce back. Because in nature, horizontal surfaces are almost exclusivel ...
... Consider a stick of wood in place of the electric vector. If the wood impacts a water surface at an angle, the stick slides into the water and is not reflected. However, if the stick lands parallel to the water surface, it can bounce back. Because in nature, horizontal surfaces are almost exclusivel ...
Pressure Using Laser Thomson Scattering Nima Bolouki
... propagating, a mechanism is required that generates free electron in the sheath surrounding the steamer head, which then accelerate and create an avalanche. If the electrons are generated too far from the streamer head, the electric field is too low to obtain a positive net ionization. The suitable ...
... propagating, a mechanism is required that generates free electron in the sheath surrounding the steamer head, which then accelerate and create an avalanche. If the electrons are generated too far from the streamer head, the electric field is too low to obtain a positive net ionization. The suitable ...
Systematic study of neutron density distributions of Sn isotopes by
... to explain total cross section [23]. Thus, the pion-nuclei scattering is microscopically not so understood as to study interior density. The kaon-nuclei elastic scattering have also received considerable attention as capable probe for the interior nuclei [25]. However the experimental difficulties o ...
... to explain total cross section [23]. Thus, the pion-nuclei scattering is microscopically not so understood as to study interior density. The kaon-nuclei elastic scattering have also received considerable attention as capable probe for the interior nuclei [25]. However the experimental difficulties o ...
Wave Propagation through Vegetation at 3.1 GHz and 5.8 GHz
... In materials with mobile charges a conductivity σ (r , ω ) is defined to describe the dynamics of the charges. The current density J is in this model proportional to the electric field ...
... In materials with mobile charges a conductivity σ (r , ω ) is defined to describe the dynamics of the charges. The current density J is in this model proportional to the electric field ...
Transient absorption and reshaping of ultrafast XUV light by laser
... in terms of the cross section for absorption of xuv radiation of frequency ωX . First we calculate the linear, frequency-dependent xuv absorption cross section using a Floquet-like method (non-Hermitian perturbation theory – nhpt) that treats the xuv field as a monochromatic source. This method has ...
... in terms of the cross section for absorption of xuv radiation of frequency ωX . First we calculate the linear, frequency-dependent xuv absorption cross section using a Floquet-like method (non-Hermitian perturbation theory – nhpt) that treats the xuv field as a monochromatic source. This method has ...
Optical extinction efficiency measurements on fine
... radius of the particle must be measured to calculate Qext. The radius of the particle is determined from the phase function (PF) image, which is analysed to give the one dimensional relative intensity distribution with scattering angle. This distribution is affected not only by particle radius but al ...
... radius of the particle must be measured to calculate Qext. The radius of the particle is determined from the phase function (PF) image, which is analysed to give the one dimensional relative intensity distribution with scattering angle. This distribution is affected not only by particle radius but al ...
PENELOPE A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron
... electron-photon transport in arbitrary materials for a wide energy range, from a few hundred eV to about 1 GeV. Photon transport is simulated by means of the standard, detailed simulation scheme. Electron and positron histories are generated on the basis of a mixed procedure, which combines detailed ...
... electron-photon transport in arbitrary materials for a wide energy range, from a few hundred eV to about 1 GeV. Photon transport is simulated by means of the standard, detailed simulation scheme. Electron and positron histories are generated on the basis of a mixed procedure, which combines detailed ...
Determination of the Proton`s Weak Charge via Parity
... long one and I would be remiss to say that I have gotten here on my own merits; we truly are the sum of our parts. Throughout my studies, I have had supportive colleagues, friends, and family. First, I should thank my family. My interest in science and discovery was fostered early with my father tea ...
... long one and I would be remiss to say that I have gotten here on my own merits; we truly are the sum of our parts. Throughout my studies, I have had supportive colleagues, friends, and family. First, I should thank my family. My interest in science and discovery was fostered early with my father tea ...
BEYOND THE BORN APPROXIMATION: A
... Director: Dr. Lawrence B. Weinstein How well we know the structure of the proton depends on our knowledge of the form factors of the proton. The ratio of the electromagnetic form factors of the proton measured by the Rosenbluth and the polarization transfer methods differ by a factor of 3 at four mo ...
... Director: Dr. Lawrence B. Weinstein How well we know the structure of the proton depends on our knowledge of the form factors of the proton. The ratio of the electromagnetic form factors of the proton measured by the Rosenbluth and the polarization transfer methods differ by a factor of 3 at four mo ...
optical properties of skin, subcutaneous, and muscle tissues
... single-scattering phase function for thin samples, or the e®ective light penetration depth for slabs. The parameters measured are the collimated light transmission Tc and the angular dependence of the scattered light intensity, IðÞ (W=cm 2 sr) for thin samples or the °uence rate distribution inside ...
... single-scattering phase function for thin samples, or the e®ective light penetration depth for slabs. The parameters measured are the collimated light transmission Tc and the angular dependence of the scattered light intensity, IðÞ (W=cm 2 sr) for thin samples or the °uence rate distribution inside ...
Physics Research A
... length Labs ðlÞ and scattering length Lsc ðlÞ as presented in Table 1 and discussed in Section 3.1 are shown. Both sets yield very similar photoelectron distributions. This is due to the fact that the quantum efficiency of PMTs with bialkali photocathodes is high only in the range of 250–500 nm where ...
... length Labs ðlÞ and scattering length Lsc ðlÞ as presented in Table 1 and discussed in Section 3.1 are shown. Both sets yield very similar photoelectron distributions. This is due to the fact that the quantum efficiency of PMTs with bialkali photocathodes is high only in the range of 250–500 nm where ...
PT -Symmetric Acoustics Xuefeng Zhu, Hamidreza Ramezani, Chengzhi Shi,
... At that frequency, the transmission is exactly unitary but the phase of transmitted waves (approximately −0.3π) differs from the phase (approximately −0.33π) of the acoustic waves after traversing a homogeneous background medium with the same length of the scattering system. Therefore, the acoustic ...
... At that frequency, the transmission is exactly unitary but the phase of transmitted waves (approximately −0.3π) differs from the phase (approximately −0.33π) of the acoustic waves after traversing a homogeneous background medium with the same length of the scattering system. Therefore, the acoustic ...
1 Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Tetrachloride Background Reading
... If the final rotational or vibrational state is higher in energy than the initial state, the scattered light is lower in energy than the incident light. This light is “redder” than the incident light and is called a Stokes transition, Figures 1 and 2b. Alternately, if the final rotational or vibrati ...
... If the final rotational or vibrational state is higher in energy than the initial state, the scattered light is lower in energy than the incident light. This light is “redder” than the incident light and is called a Stokes transition, Figures 1 and 2b. Alternately, if the final rotational or vibrati ...
124. Franzen S. “Intrinsic Limitations on the |E|4 Enhancement
... response the SERS effect depends on an in-phase oscillation for local field amplification. In fact, the imaginary and real contributions to the wavevector give opposite effects. The absorption by nanoparticles and nanostructures decreases scattering by an absorbate. It is the in-phase or dispersive ...
... response the SERS effect depends on an in-phase oscillation for local field amplification. In fact, the imaginary and real contributions to the wavevector give opposite effects. The absorption by nanoparticles and nanostructures decreases scattering by an absorbate. It is the in-phase or dispersive ...
Black Hole Formation and Classicalization in
... the critical point αN 6= 1. While for the generic attractive Bose-gas, moving away from the critical point is possible in both directions, (αN < 1 or αN > 1), for gravitons this is not the case. The gravitons cannot form a sensible state with αN 1. 2 Thus, the viability and the nature of the defor ...
... the critical point αN 6= 1. While for the generic attractive Bose-gas, moving away from the critical point is possible in both directions, (αN < 1 or αN > 1), for gravitons this is not the case. The gravitons cannot form a sensible state with αN 1. 2 Thus, the viability and the nature of the defor ...
1.5% root-mean-square flat-intensity laser beam
... Another diffractive approach is to use an annularphase plate containing two or more zones with binary phase values (usually 0 and π). Based on the original proposal by Veldkamp and Kastner [8], various schemes have been published to produce flat-top beams from an input Gaussian beam [9–12]. However, ...
... Another diffractive approach is to use an annularphase plate containing two or more zones with binary phase values (usually 0 and π). Based on the original proposal by Veldkamp and Kastner [8], various schemes have been published to produce flat-top beams from an input Gaussian beam [9–12]. However, ...
Size Influence on the Propagation Loss Induced by Sidewall
... ILICON-ON-INSULATOR (SOI) material is of prime importance for integrated optoelectronic circuits offering the potentiality of monolithic integration of optical and electronic functions on a single substrate. As silicon is transparent at wavelengths larger than 1.1 m, including the optical communicat ...
... ILICON-ON-INSULATOR (SOI) material is of prime importance for integrated optoelectronic circuits offering the potentiality of monolithic integration of optical and electronic functions on a single substrate. As silicon is transparent at wavelengths larger than 1.1 m, including the optical communicat ...
Full-Wave Simulation of High-Frequency Electromagnetic
... The propagation of EM radiation past wavelength-sized inhomogeneities is not well understood, yet is of importance for both microwave heating and diagnostic applications in tokamaks. The work presented in this thesis improves this understanding; for this purpose, EMIT-3D, a new finite-difference tim ...
... The propagation of EM radiation past wavelength-sized inhomogeneities is not well understood, yet is of importance for both microwave heating and diagnostic applications in tokamaks. The work presented in this thesis improves this understanding; for this purpose, EMIT-3D, a new finite-difference tim ...
Few-body physics in ultracold Fermi gases
... the quantum mechanical three-body problem which are necessary to understand the experiments and their interpretation described in the later course of this thesis. Efimov’s scenario which predicts an infinite number of bound states for resonant two-body interactions is discussed and important results ...
... the quantum mechanical three-body problem which are necessary to understand the experiments and their interpretation described in the later course of this thesis. Efimov’s scenario which predicts an infinite number of bound states for resonant two-body interactions is discussed and important results ...
DIRECT SOLUTION OF THE BOLTZMANN TRANSPORT
... and is extremely difficult to solve. Previous works on solving the BTE have used either a stochastic method or an approximate method, both of which do not have the suitable properties for practical device simulation. Therefore, this work describes the first direct numerical solution of the BTE for s ...
... and is extremely difficult to solve. Previous works on solving the BTE have used either a stochastic method or an approximate method, both of which do not have the suitable properties for practical device simulation. Therefore, this work describes the first direct numerical solution of the BTE for s ...
Quantitative spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging
... generate sound waves.15–17 PA imaging usually uses light in the non-ionizing visible or near-infrared (NIR) parts of the spectrum because the NIR “window” (a range of wavelengths over which both water absorption and tissue scattering are low) permits deeper light penetration and so greater imaging d ...
... generate sound waves.15–17 PA imaging usually uses light in the non-ionizing visible or near-infrared (NIR) parts of the spectrum because the NIR “window” (a range of wavelengths over which both water absorption and tissue scattering are low) permits deeper light penetration and so greater imaging d ...
Cross section (physics)
The cross section is an effective area that quantifies the intrinsic likelihood of a scattering event when an incident beam strikes a target object, made of discrete particles. The cross section of a particle is the same as the cross section of a hard object, if the probabilities of hitting them with a ray are the same. It is typically denoted σ and measured in units of area.In scattering experiments, one is often interested in knowing how likely a given event occurs. However, the rate depends strongly on experimental variables such as the density of the target material, the intensity of the beam, or the area of overlap between the beam and the target material. To control for these mundane differences, one can factor out these variables, resulting in an area-like quantity known as the cross section.