The CKM Matrix and CP Violation
... , weak interaction: Provides the only way to change flavour ! only way to change from one generation of quarks or leptons to another ! However, the off-diagonal elements of the CKM matrix are relatively small. • Weak interaction largest between quarks of the same generation. • Coupling between ...
... , weak interaction: Provides the only way to change flavour ! only way to change from one generation of quarks or leptons to another ! However, the off-diagonal elements of the CKM matrix are relatively small. • Weak interaction largest between quarks of the same generation. • Coupling between ...
Report - Jefferson Lab
... and starting to reveal the discovery potential of this successful facility. The most striking examples include the demonstration that the proton charge and magnetic form factors exhibit markedly different behaviors at high momentum transfers; the first exclusive measurements of Deeply Virtual Compto ...
... and starting to reveal the discovery potential of this successful facility. The most striking examples include the demonstration that the proton charge and magnetic form factors exhibit markedly different behaviors at high momentum transfers; the first exclusive measurements of Deeply Virtual Compto ...
Martin - Nuclear and Particle Physics
... case of hydrogen, the nucleus is a single proton (p) with electric charge þe, where e is the magnitude of the charge on the electron4, orbited by a single electron. Heavier atoms were considered to have nuclei consisting of several protons. This view persisted for a long time and was supported by th ...
... case of hydrogen, the nucleus is a single proton (p) with electric charge þe, where e is the magnitude of the charge on the electron4, orbited by a single electron. Heavier atoms were considered to have nuclei consisting of several protons. This view persisted for a long time and was supported by th ...
Lecture 1
... • In 1967 A. Sacharov formulated a set of general conditions that any such mechanism has to meet 1) You need a process that violates the baryon number B: (Baryon number of matter=1, of anti-matter = -1) 2) Both C and CP symmetries should be violated ...
... • In 1967 A. Sacharov formulated a set of general conditions that any such mechanism has to meet 1) You need a process that violates the baryon number B: (Baryon number of matter=1, of anti-matter = -1) 2) Both C and CP symmetries should be violated ...
Introduction and Theoretical Background
... of the W and Z bosons are predicted by the SM. In 1983, the W and Z bosons were discovered by the UA1 and UA2 experiments [20, 21] [22, 23] with masses consistent with the theoretical expectation, another triumph of the SM. In the 1990s, the LEP [24] and SLC [25] e+ e− colliders began measuring Z bo ...
... of the W and Z bosons are predicted by the SM. In 1983, the W and Z bosons were discovered by the UA1 and UA2 experiments [20, 21] [22, 23] with masses consistent with the theoretical expectation, another triumph of the SM. In the 1990s, the LEP [24] and SLC [25] e+ e− colliders began measuring Z bo ...
Effective Field Theory
... These lectures provide an introduction to the basic ideas and methods of EFT, and a description of a few interesting phenomenological applications in particle physics. The main conceptual foundations are discussed in sections 2 and 3, which cover the momentum expansion and the most important issues ...
... These lectures provide an introduction to the basic ideas and methods of EFT, and a description of a few interesting phenomenological applications in particle physics. The main conceptual foundations are discussed in sections 2 and 3, which cover the momentum expansion and the most important issues ...
IntroductiontoCERNActivities
... • SM is logically incomplete - does not incorporate gravity - build TOE is superstring theory the TOE ? Introduction to CERN ...
... • SM is logically incomplete - does not incorporate gravity - build TOE is superstring theory the TOE ? Introduction to CERN ...
Invitation to Elementary Particles
... First, we introduce necessary basic notions and build a minimal language required. For this, only a rudimentary knowledge of Special Theory of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics is assumed. Then, we use the language to formulate and explain the rules of the micro-world and how we explore it experiment ...
... First, we introduce necessary basic notions and build a minimal language required. For this, only a rudimentary knowledge of Special Theory of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics is assumed. Then, we use the language to formulate and explain the rules of the micro-world and how we explore it experiment ...
bYTEBoss introduction
... Introduction – positron discovery by Anderson • Result: discovery of a positively charged electron-like particle dubbed the ‘positron’ – Experimental confirmation of existence of anti-matter! e+ ...
... Introduction – positron discovery by Anderson • Result: discovery of a positively charged electron-like particle dubbed the ‘positron’ – Experimental confirmation of existence of anti-matter! e+ ...
What is the Higgs Boson?
... Unification of the basic forces and the origin of mass for the fundamental particles ...
... Unification of the basic forces and the origin of mass for the fundamental particles ...
McLerran.pdf
... collisions of nuclei with nuclei, and various other probes. RHIC is a multi-purpose machine which can address at least three central issues of high energy nuclear physics. These are: • The production of matter at energy densities one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of nuclear matter and ...
... collisions of nuclei with nuclei, and various other probes. RHIC is a multi-purpose machine which can address at least three central issues of high energy nuclear physics. These are: • The production of matter at energy densities one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of nuclear matter and ...
![This article was downloaded by:[Michigan State University Libraries]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008913809_1-a676ff77441c84373c2335bdc5185bf6-300x300.png)
LHC Physics - UCL HEP Group
... N.B. Our example here was for a single complex scalar and for a U(1) field. In the Standard Model the Higgs is an electroweak SU(2) doublet field, with 4 degrees of freedom. 3 of these are ‘eaten’ by W±, Z0, mass terms leaving a single scalar for the physical Higgs boson. ...
... N.B. Our example here was for a single complex scalar and for a U(1) field. In the Standard Model the Higgs is an electroweak SU(2) doublet field, with 4 degrees of freedom. 3 of these are ‘eaten’ by W±, Z0, mass terms leaving a single scalar for the physical Higgs boson. ...
Summarising Constraints On Dark Matter At The Large Hadron
... equilibrium. Therefore, the Universe was opaque to light. Only a short time after that, when the Universe further expanded and cooled, it was possible for the quarks and gluons to combine to hadrons and create protons. Since the Universe was still hot and dense, the nucleosynthesis of light elements ...
... equilibrium. Therefore, the Universe was opaque to light. Only a short time after that, when the Universe further expanded and cooled, it was possible for the quarks and gluons to combine to hadrons and create protons. Since the Universe was still hot and dense, the nucleosynthesis of light elements ...
Strong Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
... answers exist but none has been shown to be true in experiment. One possibility in the Standard Model is that particles obtain mass through spontaneous symmetry breaking at the scale of the electroweak force. Spontaneous symmetry breaking can be understood with a “Mexican hat” depicting a potential ...
... answers exist but none has been shown to be true in experiment. One possibility in the Standard Model is that particles obtain mass through spontaneous symmetry breaking at the scale of the electroweak force. Spontaneous symmetry breaking can be understood with a “Mexican hat” depicting a potential ...
No Slide Title - Webcast
... Fermilab found the top with mass as predicted from LEP: Standard Model Higgs: MH < 1000 GeV ...
... Fermilab found the top with mass as predicted from LEP: Standard Model Higgs: MH < 1000 GeV ...
The Standard Model and its Simple Extensions
... SU(2) × U(1): electroweak interaction Gravity is not included in the Standard Model • In this scheme all particles have to be massless ...
... SU(2) × U(1): electroweak interaction Gravity is not included in the Standard Model • In this scheme all particles have to be massless ...
Notes/All Physics IB/Fundimental Particles
... What is everything made of? Humans have asked this question for thousands of years and are still actively searching for the answer today. Ernest Rutherford began a new chapter in this pursuit over a century ago when he fired alpha particles at gold foil, uncovering the atomic nucleus. The Large Hadr ...
... What is everything made of? Humans have asked this question for thousands of years and are still actively searching for the answer today. Ernest Rutherford began a new chapter in this pursuit over a century ago when he fired alpha particles at gold foil, uncovering the atomic nucleus. The Large Hadr ...
Discovery of the Higgs Particle
... recognized its relevance to the problem of W and Z bosons. An important feature of this model is that the value of the Higgs field in any region of space changes the effective masses of the W and Z, as well as all the basic matter particles of the Standard Model, as they propagate through that regio ...
... recognized its relevance to the problem of W and Z bosons. An important feature of this model is that the value of the Higgs field in any region of space changes the effective masses of the W and Z, as well as all the basic matter particles of the Standard Model, as they propagate through that regio ...
Linear Collider - University of Victoria
... symmetry breaking and physics beyond the Standard Model that cannot be answered without a physics program at a Linear Collider overlapping that of the Large Hadron Collider. We therefore strongly recommend the expeditious construction of a Linear Collider as the next major international High Energy ...
... symmetry breaking and physics beyond the Standard Model that cannot be answered without a physics program at a Linear Collider overlapping that of the Large Hadron Collider. We therefore strongly recommend the expeditious construction of a Linear Collider as the next major international High Energy ...
Quark
A quark (/ˈkwɔrk/ or /ˈkwɑrk/) is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. Due to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never directly observed or found in isolation; they can be found only within hadrons, such as baryons (of which protons and neutrons are examples), and mesons. For this reason, much of what is known about quarks has been drawn from observations of the hadrons themselves.Quarks have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge, mass, color charge and spin. Quarks are the only elementary particles in the Standard Model of particle physics to experience all four fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces (electromagnetism, gravitation, strong interaction, and weak interaction), as well as the only known particles whose electric charges are not integer multiples of the elementary charge.There are six types of quarks, known as flavors: up, down, strange, charm, top, and bottom. Up and down quarks have the lowest masses of all quarks. The heavier quarks rapidly change into up and down quarks through a process of particle decay: the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state. Because of this, up and down quarks are generally stable and the most common in the universe, whereas strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks can only be produced in high energy collisions (such as those involving cosmic rays and in particle accelerators). For every quark flavor there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as an antiquark, that differs from the quark only in that some of its properties have equal magnitude but opposite sign.The quark model was independently proposed by physicists Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964. Quarks were introduced as parts of an ordering scheme for hadrons, and there was little evidence for their physical existence until deep inelastic scattering experiments at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in 1968. Accelerator experiments have provided evidence for all six flavors. The top quark was the last to be discovered at Fermilab in 1995.