Nasalis larvatus
... n = 3—Dixson 1987). The penis is long and red and the scrotum black, contrasting colors that may function as visual signals in sexual or dominance displays (Chaplin and Jablonski 1998). The mean (n = 5) mass of both testes in breeding condition is 14.7 g, or 0.07% of body mass (Schultz 1938, not see ...
... n = 3—Dixson 1987). The penis is long and red and the scrotum black, contrasting colors that may function as visual signals in sexual or dominance displays (Chaplin and Jablonski 1998). The mean (n = 5) mass of both testes in breeding condition is 14.7 g, or 0.07% of body mass (Schultz 1938, not see ...
Mammalian Species 47(926):84–99
... n = 3—Dixson 1987). The penis is long and red and the scrotum black, contrasting colors that may function as visual signals in sexual or dominance displays (Chaplin and Jablonski 1998). The mean (n = 5) mass of both testes in breeding condition is 14.7 g, or 0.07% of body mass (Schultz 1938, not see ...
... n = 3—Dixson 1987). The penis is long and red and the scrotum black, contrasting colors that may function as visual signals in sexual or dominance displays (Chaplin and Jablonski 1998). The mean (n = 5) mass of both testes in breeding condition is 14.7 g, or 0.07% of body mass (Schultz 1938, not see ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... flowering. After the pollinator exclusion cages were removed, female phased flowers were identified and flowers were observed until a visit was noted. Immediately following the visit the flower was collected and its stigmas were fixed on microscope slides with fuschin glycerin jelly (Kearns and Inou ...
... flowering. After the pollinator exclusion cages were removed, female phased flowers were identified and flowers were observed until a visit was noted. Immediately following the visit the flower was collected and its stigmas were fixed on microscope slides with fuschin glycerin jelly (Kearns and Inou ...
A syndrome of mutualism reinforces the lifestyle of a sloth
... [19]. Because the life cycle of pyralid moths is entirely dependent on these otherwise inexplicable behaviours in three-toed sloths, we posited that the moth –sloth interaction might actually be an important mutualism, where sloths are also benefiting by virtue of their association (þ/þ). Mutualisms ...
... [19]. Because the life cycle of pyralid moths is entirely dependent on these otherwise inexplicable behaviours in three-toed sloths, we posited that the moth –sloth interaction might actually be an important mutualism, where sloths are also benefiting by virtue of their association (þ/þ). Mutualisms ...
A syndrome of mutualism reinforces the lifestyle of a sloth
... [19]. Because the life cycle of pyralid moths is entirely dependent on these otherwise inexplicable behaviours in three-toed sloths, we posited that the moth –sloth interaction might actually be an important mutualism, where sloths are also benefiting by virtue of their association (þ/þ). Mutualisms ...
... [19]. Because the life cycle of pyralid moths is entirely dependent on these otherwise inexplicable behaviours in three-toed sloths, we posited that the moth –sloth interaction might actually be an important mutualism, where sloths are also benefiting by virtue of their association (þ/þ). Mutualisms ...
Orchids: Advances in Tissue Culture, Genetics, Phytochemistry and
... Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Ikenobe 2393, Kagawa-ken, 761-0795, Japan Correspondence: * [email protected] ...
... Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Ikenobe 2393, Kagawa-ken, 761-0795, Japan Correspondence: * [email protected] ...
Recovery Plan for Blackburn`s Sphinx Moth
... this rule-making process for the Blackburn sphinx moth is given under the section entitled Conservation Measures, below). The recovery priority number for Blackburn’s sphinx moth is 2C, per criteria published in the Federal Register on September 21, 1983 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1983). The pr ...
... this rule-making process for the Blackburn sphinx moth is given under the section entitled Conservation Measures, below). The recovery priority number for Blackburn’s sphinx moth is 2C, per criteria published in the Federal Register on September 21, 1983 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1983). The pr ...
Lincoln Pond, Aquatic Moth Final Report, 2002
... outcompetes native aquatic plants by early stem elongation that reaches the water surface quickly and forms a canopy shading the other aquatic plants. There are several insects that eat milfoil, limit its growth, and keep it from forming a canopy in some situations. One of these insects is the aquat ...
... outcompetes native aquatic plants by early stem elongation that reaches the water surface quickly and forms a canopy shading the other aquatic plants. There are several insects that eat milfoil, limit its growth, and keep it from forming a canopy in some situations. One of these insects is the aquat ...
toxic moths: source of a truly safe delicacy - e
... contained about 5% of the sugars present in Z. transalpina ingluvies (Figure 3). The difference in the composition and amounts of sugars is possibly related to the species of flowers visited by the adult moths before capture. To assess whether ingluvies from the Zygaena-Syntomis complex were cyanoge ...
... contained about 5% of the sugars present in Z. transalpina ingluvies (Figure 3). The difference in the composition and amounts of sugars is possibly related to the species of flowers visited by the adult moths before capture. To assess whether ingluvies from the Zygaena-Syntomis complex were cyanoge ...
Butterflies - Oxford 1st Grade
... warning to predators that the butterfly is poisonous. By imitating these colorings other butterflies profit from the deterrent effect (mimicry). Other butterflies look like "scaring" insects such as wasps or hornets. But not only this way predators are frightened and fooled. Big "eyes" appearing sud ...
... warning to predators that the butterfly is poisonous. By imitating these colorings other butterflies profit from the deterrent effect (mimicry). Other butterflies look like "scaring" insects such as wasps or hornets. But not only this way predators are frightened and fooled. Big "eyes" appearing sud ...
RECIPROCAL BENEFITS IN A PLANT
... Although mutualisms have traditionally been conceptualized as interdependent species pairs (Bronstein 1994b), many, if not most, mutualisms are actually composed of generalized guilds of interacting species (Waser et al. 1996, Stanton 2003). Pairwise specialization may be rare in mutualisms because ...
... Although mutualisms have traditionally been conceptualized as interdependent species pairs (Bronstein 1994b), many, if not most, mutualisms are actually composed of generalized guilds of interacting species (Waser et al. 1996, Stanton 2003). Pairwise specialization may be rare in mutualisms because ...
Micro-organisms behind the pollination scenes
... as the action of extrinsic factors. Micro-organisms, particularly yeasts, represent one extrinsic factor that inhabit the nectar of animal-pollinated flowers worldwide. In this study a ‘microbial imprint hypothesis’ is formulated and tested, in which it is proposed that natural community-wide variat ...
... as the action of extrinsic factors. Micro-organisms, particularly yeasts, represent one extrinsic factor that inhabit the nectar of animal-pollinated flowers worldwide. In this study a ‘microbial imprint hypothesis’ is formulated and tested, in which it is proposed that natural community-wide variat ...
Seeing is believing: information content and behavioural response
... bees can spend a certain time examining it prior to deciding whether to land or move on and search for a new flower. Flower examination decreases the uncertainty concerning the presence or absence of a predator at the flower, and given enough time a bee could be certain that the flower does, or does ...
... bees can spend a certain time examining it prior to deciding whether to land or move on and search for a new flower. Flower examination decreases the uncertainty concerning the presence or absence of a predator at the flower, and given enough time a bee could be certain that the flower does, or does ...
Realized tolerance to nectar robbing
... within 1 m of the parent plant (Waser and Price, 1983). It is unlikely that all plants within groups were full- or half-sibs; however, it is likely that plants within groups were more genetically related than plants among groups, and a significant effect of group was found on traits known to exhibit ...
... within 1 m of the parent plant (Waser and Price, 1983). It is unlikely that all plants within groups were full- or half-sibs; however, it is likely that plants within groups were more genetically related than plants among groups, and a significant effect of group was found on traits known to exhibit ...
Natural enemies and environmental factors affecting the population
... Lymantriidae) may reach outbreak levels that pose considerable economic and environmental impacts to forests in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. Compared with the situation in its native European range feeding damage by gypsy moth is often found to be more severe in North America and other pa ...
... Lymantriidae) may reach outbreak levels that pose considerable economic and environmental impacts to forests in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. Compared with the situation in its native European range feeding damage by gypsy moth is often found to be more severe in North America and other pa ...
Effects of gypsy moth outbreaks on North American woodpeckers
... a priori knowledge of woodpecker ecology and behavior. We did, however, find evidence that the response of at least half of the species changed over the 34-year period covered by the study: except for the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus), whose response to outbreaks during the winter decreased, p ...
... a priori knowledge of woodpecker ecology and behavior. We did, however, find evidence that the response of at least half of the species changed over the 34-year period covered by the study: except for the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus), whose response to outbreaks during the winter decreased, p ...
effects of gypsy moth outbreaks on north american woodpeckers
... like the previous species, Downy Woodpeckers feed on both tent caterpillars (Soule 1899) and cecropia moth pupae (Waldbauer et al. 1970). Expectations following outbreaks were less clear. Downy Woodpeckers nest in dead and living trees and thus might be expected to increase following gypsy moth outb ...
... like the previous species, Downy Woodpeckers feed on both tent caterpillars (Soule 1899) and cecropia moth pupae (Waldbauer et al. 1970). Expectations following outbreaks were less clear. Downy Woodpeckers nest in dead and living trees and thus might be expected to increase following gypsy moth outb ...
PDF copy - Friends of the Wild Flower Garden
... exchanging food rewards such as nectar and pollen for the service of pollen transfer between flowers. Floral reward variation strongly influences visitation patterns of both pollinating mutualists and non-mutualist consumers, with consequences for both male and female components of plant reproductiv ...
... exchanging food rewards such as nectar and pollen for the service of pollen transfer between flowers. Floral reward variation strongly influences visitation patterns of both pollinating mutualists and non-mutualist consumers, with consequences for both male and female components of plant reproductiv ...
Forcing Bulbs Indoors
... The potting medium must be well-drained, retain adequate moisture, and be able to anchor the bulbs. Commercial potting soil is adequate, but a better choice is a mix composed of equal volumes of potting soil, sphagnum peat moss, and perlite. Since the bulbs already contain enough food for the develo ...
... The potting medium must be well-drained, retain adequate moisture, and be able to anchor the bulbs. Commercial potting soil is adequate, but a better choice is a mix composed of equal volumes of potting soil, sphagnum peat moss, and perlite. Since the bulbs already contain enough food for the develo ...
Owl Clover Leads a Complex Life - Habeck
... is accelerated. The Owl Clover gains water, minerals and energy from the host plant. Being an annual, Owl Clover has a relatively small root system, so getting extra food really helps its growth rate. This host-parasite relationship is called heterotrophy, the opposite of autotrophy. Being semi-par ...
... is accelerated. The Owl Clover gains water, minerals and energy from the host plant. Being an annual, Owl Clover has a relatively small root system, so getting extra food really helps its growth rate. This host-parasite relationship is called heterotrophy, the opposite of autotrophy. Being semi-par ...
History and Impact of Gypsy Moth in North America and Comparison
... In 1890, the State of Massachusetts appropriated funds to exterminate the pest which at that time infested an area of 2539 km2 and encompassed 30 cities and towns. Control efforts were so successful that by 1899, little defoliation was detected and only a few moths were found. Therefore, further con ...
... In 1890, the State of Massachusetts appropriated funds to exterminate the pest which at that time infested an area of 2539 km2 and encompassed 30 cities and towns. Control efforts were so successful that by 1899, little defoliation was detected and only a few moths were found. Therefore, further con ...
pollination biology and reproductive ecology of scaevola taccada
... since the fruits can float in water (Carlquist 1965). Studies on the “physiology, phenology, seed predation, and role in island communities (Komdeur and Pels 2005)” of S. taccada has been extensively investigated along with conditions for seed germination (Elmore 2008). The seeds were found to germi ...
... since the fruits can float in water (Carlquist 1965). Studies on the “physiology, phenology, seed predation, and role in island communities (Komdeur and Pels 2005)” of S. taccada has been extensively investigated along with conditions for seed germination (Elmore 2008). The seeds were found to germi ...
Yucca-Moth and Yucca Plant Obligate Mutualism
... Mechanical factors that play role in this mutualism are easy to study, and there have been major discoveries showing that mechanical stress on Yucca plants by Yucca moths can be a signal to induce floral abscission which can account for up to 95% of Yucca moth egg death (Shapiro and Addicott, 2004) ...
... Mechanical factors that play role in this mutualism are easy to study, and there have been major discoveries showing that mechanical stress on Yucca plants by Yucca moths can be a signal to induce floral abscission which can account for up to 95% of Yucca moth egg death (Shapiro and Addicott, 2004) ...
Impact of outdoor lighting on moths: An assessment
... change. Fundamental questions about such a link, however, have never been closely examined : What mechanisms might link lamps with changes in populations of moths? If lamps cause populations of moths to change, specifically what might the changes be? How important are effects of lighting compared to ...
... change. Fundamental questions about such a link, however, have never been closely examined : What mechanisms might link lamps with changes in populations of moths? If lamps cause populations of moths to change, specifically what might the changes be? How important are effects of lighting compared to ...
Angraecum sesquipedale
Angraecum sesquipedale /ˌsɛskwɨpɨˈdeɪliː/, also known as Darwin's orchid, Christmas orchid, Star of Bethlehem orchid, and King of the Angraecums, is an epiphytic orchid in the genus Angraecum endemic to Madagascar. The orchid was first discovered by the French botanist Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars in 1798, but was not described until 1822. It is noteworthy for its long spur and its association with the naturalist Charles Darwin, who surmised that the flower was pollinated by a then undiscovered moth with a proboscis whose length was unprecedented at the time. His prediction had gone unverified until 21 years after his death, when the moth was discovered and his conjecture vindicated. The story of its postulated pollinator has come to be seen as one of the celebrated predictions of the theory of evolution.