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Chapter 11 - Trimble County Schools
Chapter 11 - Trimble County Schools

... Fully activated receptor tyrosine kinase (phosphorylated dimer) ...
introduction to the cell
introduction to the cell

... 4.1 Microscopes reveal the world of the cell  Biologists often use a very powerful microscope called the electron microscope (EM) to view the ultrastructure of cells – It can resolve biological structures as small as 2 nanometers and can magnify up to 100,000 times – Instead of light, the EM uses ...
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... varies greatly depending on the size of the organism. Many cells group together to form tissues, many tissues join together to form organ, many organs form organ system and finally all systems make up an organism, hence called structural unit of life. A cell is able to live and perform the various f ...
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... mediate ubiquitination, leading to selective proteolysis by the proteasome. Destabilizing residues of the N-end rule pathway include the N-terminal arginine (Arg) residue which can be post-translationally created by ATE1-encoded Arg-tRNA transferases (R-transferases) that transfer the amino acid L-A ...
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... appeared to depend on those molecules. All these substances demonstrated similar mode of action: they cause specific changes in the bacterial metabolism when they reach a critical concentration in the medium (that is, at a definite density of producing cells). This principle called “quorum sensing” ...
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Cells Jeopardy
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... 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are made from other cells. 3. Cell is the basic unit of life. ...
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Cytosol



The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.
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