Thermodynamics - WordPress.com
... Particles Pressure, volume and temperature Energy and Power Heat transfer Measuring Temperature Specific heat capacity Latent heat ...
... Particles Pressure, volume and temperature Energy and Power Heat transfer Measuring Temperature Specific heat capacity Latent heat ...
Thermodynamics and the aims of statistical mechanics
... are not represented at all in thermodynamics. We can intervene in a system to cause changes to its state: e.g. if our gas’s container has a piston, we may push or pull the piston to change the volume of the gas—and correlatively, its pressure. Strictly speaking, this must entail taking the system ou ...
... are not represented at all in thermodynamics. We can intervene in a system to cause changes to its state: e.g. if our gas’s container has a piston, we may push or pull the piston to change the volume of the gas—and correlatively, its pressure. Strictly speaking, this must entail taking the system ou ...
cospa2013(jyk)
... energy in steady state. • In general the temperature of an astronomical object may different for different surface points. • For example, the temperature of a magnetized neutron star on the pole is higher than the equator. • For simplicity, consider the mean effective surface temperature as a functi ...
... energy in steady state. • In general the temperature of an astronomical object may different for different surface points. • For example, the temperature of a magnetized neutron star on the pole is higher than the equator. • For simplicity, consider the mean effective surface temperature as a functi ...
thermodynamics and statistical physics
... condition h = 2H . The power absorbed from the radiation eld is then proportional to the di erence in the number of nuclei in the two energy levels. Assume that the protons in the mineral oil are in thermal equilibrium at a temperature T which is so high that H << kT . How does the absorbed powe ...
... condition h = 2H . The power absorbed from the radiation eld is then proportional to the di erence in the number of nuclei in the two energy levels. Assume that the protons in the mineral oil are in thermal equilibrium at a temperature T which is so high that H << kT . How does the absorbed powe ...
V - ČVUT
... Temperature is measure of inner kinetic energy of random molecular motion. In case of solids the kinetic energy is the energy of atom vibration, in liquids and gases the kinetic energy includes vibrational, rotational and translational motion. Statistically, temperature (T) is a direct measure of th ...
... Temperature is measure of inner kinetic energy of random molecular motion. In case of solids the kinetic energy is the energy of atom vibration, in liquids and gases the kinetic energy includes vibrational, rotational and translational motion. Statistically, temperature (T) is a direct measure of th ...
Black-body radiation
Black-body radiation is the type of electromagnetic radiation within or surrounding a body in thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment, or emitted by a black body (an opaque and non-reflective body) held at constant, uniform temperature. The radiation has a specific spectrum and intensity that depends only on the temperature of the body.The thermal radiation spontaneously emitted by many ordinary objects can be approximated as blackbody radiation. A perfectly insulated enclosure that is in thermal equilibrium internally contains black-body radiation and will emit it through a hole made in its wall, provided the hole is small enough to have negligible effect upon the equilibrium.A black-body at room temperature appears black, as most of the energy it radiates is infra-red and cannot be perceived by the human eye. Because the human eye cannot perceive color at very low light intensities, a black body, viewed in the dark at the lowest just faintly visible temperature, subjectively appears grey (but only because the human eye is sensitive only to black and white at very low intensities - in reality, the frequency of the light in the visible range would still be red, although the intensity would be too low to discern as red), even though its objective physical spectrum peaks in the infrared range. When it becomes a little hotter, it appears dull red. As its temperature increases further it eventually becomes blindingly brilliant blue-white.Although planets and stars are neither in thermal equilibrium with their surroundings nor perfect black bodies, black-body radiation is used as a first approximation for the energy they emit.Black holes are near-perfect black bodies, in the sense that they absorb all the radiation that falls on them. It has been proposed that they emit black-body radiation (called Hawking radiation), with a temperature that depends on the mass of the black hole.The term black body was introduced by Gustav Kirchhoff in 1860. When used as a compound adjective, the term is typically written as hyphenated, for example, black-body radiation, but sometimes also as one word, as in blackbody radiation. Black-body radiation is also called complete radiation or temperature radiation or thermal radiation.