Universidad de Cantabria ON LIGHT SCATTERING BY NANOPARTICLES WITH CONVENTIONAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL
... scattering plane starts to present non-null values in the forward direction. This is because as R increases, the first two Mie coefficients acquire more complex expressions than the ones given by equations (2.56), (2.57). Furthermore, higher order coefficients cannot be neglected anymore. The electr ...
... scattering plane starts to present non-null values in the forward direction. This is because as R increases, the first two Mie coefficients acquire more complex expressions than the ones given by equations (2.56), (2.57). Furthermore, higher order coefficients cannot be neglected anymore. The electr ...
Elements of QFT in Curved Space-Time
... 2 λ 1 λ Γλαβ (x) = R ′ (αβ)ν y ν − R ′ να(µ ; β) y µ y ν + ... , ...
... 2 λ 1 λ Γλαβ (x) = R ′ (αβ)ν y ν − R ′ να(µ ; β) y µ y ν + ... , ...
Correlation between the geometrical characteristics and dielectric
... τ > 100, the convergence dramatically slows down and in some cases the method does not converge at all. The reason is that equation (5) does not have a unique solution if the inclusion is PEC, i.e., if τ = ∞. This nonuniqueness problem can be avoided, for example, by adding a constant value 1/N to e ...
... τ > 100, the convergence dramatically slows down and in some cases the method does not converge at all. The reason is that equation (5) does not have a unique solution if the inclusion is PEC, i.e., if τ = ∞. This nonuniqueness problem can be avoided, for example, by adding a constant value 1/N to e ...
11 Canonical quantization of classical fields
... Grassmann (or Bieriezin) algebra which have no classical counterpart and can hardly be considered physical. The difference between bosonic and fermionic fields2 becomes particularly clear in the path integral approach to field quantization (see Section 16). While quantizing in this way bosonic field ...
... Grassmann (or Bieriezin) algebra which have no classical counterpart and can hardly be considered physical. The difference between bosonic and fermionic fields2 becomes particularly clear in the path integral approach to field quantization (see Section 16). While quantizing in this way bosonic field ...
arXiv:1008.1839v2 [hep-th] 12 Aug 2010
... divergences as d = 2 poles for the Higgs mass corrections in the SM. Then, Einhorn and Jones made further insight [16] that any regularization procedure which preserves the right number of spin degrees of freedom for each field should give the correct results of quadratical divergence. This includes ...
... divergences as d = 2 poles for the Higgs mass corrections in the SM. Then, Einhorn and Jones made further insight [16] that any regularization procedure which preserves the right number of spin degrees of freedom for each field should give the correct results of quadratical divergence. This includes ...
L scher.pdf
... Very briefly lattice QCD is obtained by replacing the four-dimensional spacetime continuum through a hypercubic lattice and by restricting the quark and the gauge fields to the lattice points. The expression for the Lagrange density (1.1) then needs to be discretized in a sensible way, and the precise ...
... Very briefly lattice QCD is obtained by replacing the four-dimensional spacetime continuum through a hypercubic lattice and by restricting the quark and the gauge fields to the lattice points. The expression for the Lagrange density (1.1) then needs to be discretized in a sensible way, and the precise ...
Landau Gauge Quark Propagator with External Magnetic Fields
... field theory already long time ago, consolidating and deepening the significant insights into quantum physics that Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) had just given a few years before. The feature of asymptotic freedom [1] makes QCD behave like a free theory at small distances, making it easily treatable ...
... field theory already long time ago, consolidating and deepening the significant insights into quantum physics that Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) had just given a few years before. The feature of asymptotic freedom [1] makes QCD behave like a free theory at small distances, making it easily treatable ...
Many-particle interference beyond many-boson and many
... whereas two bosons favor bunched, doubly occupied states. Here, we show that the collective interference of three or more particles leads to much more diverse behavior than expected from the boson–fermion dichotomy known from quantum statistical mechanics. The emerging complexity of many-particle in ...
... whereas two bosons favor bunched, doubly occupied states. Here, we show that the collective interference of three or more particles leads to much more diverse behavior than expected from the boson–fermion dichotomy known from quantum statistical mechanics. The emerging complexity of many-particle in ...
Electron-electron interactions and plasmon dispersion in graphene Please share
... vertex ω [see Figs. 2(b) and 2(c)]. These quantities absorb all non-quasiparticle contributions in the upper band as well as the interband processes and the contribution of the states in the lower band. We recall that the quasiparticle-irreducible quantities are distinct from the conventional irre ...
... vertex ω [see Figs. 2(b) and 2(c)]. These quantities absorb all non-quasiparticle contributions in the upper band as well as the interband processes and the contribution of the states in the lower band. We recall that the quasiparticle-irreducible quantities are distinct from the conventional irre ...
Non-equilibrium Quantum Field Theory and - Gr@v
... intrinsically related to the strength of the dissipative effects. This is generically known as the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, which takes a simple form in the adiabatic and quasi-equilibrium conditions given above but also extends to more general non-equilibrium scenarios. Although these condi ...
... intrinsically related to the strength of the dissipative effects. This is generically known as the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, which takes a simple form in the adiabatic and quasi-equilibrium conditions given above but also extends to more general non-equilibrium scenarios. Although these condi ...
Reciprocal Lattice
... where Ncells is the (macroscopically large) number of primitive cells in the crystal. If q is not macroscopically close to one of the vectors G, many exponentials in (43) interfere destructively and the value of Mkk0 is much smaller than (46). For the wavevectors k and k0 satisfying the Bragg condit ...
... where Ncells is the (macroscopically large) number of primitive cells in the crystal. If q is not macroscopically close to one of the vectors G, many exponentials in (43) interfere destructively and the value of Mkk0 is much smaller than (46). For the wavevectors k and k0 satisfying the Bragg condit ...
Julian Schwinger (1918-1994)
... and as such, led to inconsistent results. In particular, the magnetic moment appeared also as part of the Lamb shift calculation, through the coupling with the electric field implied by relativistic covariance; but the noncovariant scheme gave the wrong coefficient. (If the coefficient were modified ...
... and as such, led to inconsistent results. In particular, the magnetic moment appeared also as part of the Lamb shift calculation, through the coupling with the electric field implied by relativistic covariance; but the noncovariant scheme gave the wrong coefficient. (If the coefficient were modified ...
Path Integral studies of quantum systems at finite temperatures Sergei Dmitrievich Ivanov
... imaginary time PI, formally equivalent to the configurational integral over closed trajectories, or paths. It is also possible to extend it to a classical phase space integral. It turned out, that PI formulation of quantum and statistical mechanics is very suitable for numerical computations. Althou ...
... imaginary time PI, formally equivalent to the configurational integral over closed trajectories, or paths. It is also possible to extend it to a classical phase space integral. It turned out, that PI formulation of quantum and statistical mechanics is very suitable for numerical computations. Althou ...
Functional Determinants in Quantum Field Theory
... In Sect.2 we will learn how functional determinants relate to ζ-functions and discuss some problems in the corresponding exercises where this relation drastically facilitates the evaluation of spectra of operators. Similarly, in Sect.3, we will discuss the calculation of functional determinants via ...
... In Sect.2 we will learn how functional determinants relate to ζ-functions and discuss some problems in the corresponding exercises where this relation drastically facilitates the evaluation of spectra of operators. Similarly, in Sect.3, we will discuss the calculation of functional determinants via ...
Alma Mater Studiorum Universit`a degli Studi di Bologna
... truth, but some of its issues have helped our comprehension of the physical world, so it is worthwhile to understand better this approach. We underline here that a propagating string, by definition a 2 dimensional mathematical object, is described in a physical way by the same Lagrangian of a two di ...
... truth, but some of its issues have helped our comprehension of the physical world, so it is worthwhile to understand better this approach. We underline here that a propagating string, by definition a 2 dimensional mathematical object, is described in a physical way by the same Lagrangian of a two di ...
CERN Teacher Programmes: Welcome to CERN!
... The discovery of colour charge The quark model was very successful in accounting for all the known hadrons but it did present some early theoretical difficulties. There was no real fundamental reason for the particles to adopt groupings of three quarks or quark– antiquark pairs. In addition, experim ...
... The discovery of colour charge The quark model was very successful in accounting for all the known hadrons but it did present some early theoretical difficulties. There was no real fundamental reason for the particles to adopt groupings of three quarks or quark– antiquark pairs. In addition, experim ...
Template for scientific report
... for their quantitative treatment. The basic building blocks of QCD are the Green’s (correlation) functions of the fundamental physical degrees of freedom, gluons and quarks, and of the unphysical ghosts. Even though it is well-known that these quantities are not physical, since they depend on the ga ...
... for their quantitative treatment. The basic building blocks of QCD are the Green’s (correlation) functions of the fundamental physical degrees of freedom, gluons and quarks, and of the unphysical ghosts. Even though it is well-known that these quantities are not physical, since they depend on the ga ...
3 Species Fermion Gases Part 1 - Physikalisches Institut Heidelberg
... What have we done? We introduced new field(operators) ...
... What have we done? We introduced new field(operators) ...
Five lectures on effective field theory
... While such a Taylor expansion makes the process slightly simpler to analyze, the benefits of expanding each amplitude seem minimal, and it does not seem obvious how to generalize the procedure to nonperturbative physics. Instead of Taylor expanding each amplitude it turns out to be much more profita ...
... While such a Taylor expansion makes the process slightly simpler to analyze, the benefits of expanding each amplitude seem minimal, and it does not seem obvious how to generalize the procedure to nonperturbative physics. Instead of Taylor expanding each amplitude it turns out to be much more profita ...
Time reversal in classical electromagnetism - Philsci
... world is no longer allowed. This seems odd: it’s the same world after all, just described using one set of coordinates rather than another. How could the one be allowed by our theory and the other not? Indeed, this does not make much sense unless one supposes that the theory, as stated in coordinate ...
... world is no longer allowed. This seems odd: it’s the same world after all, just described using one set of coordinates rather than another. How could the one be allowed by our theory and the other not? Indeed, this does not make much sense unless one supposes that the theory, as stated in coordinate ...
RADIATION REACTION AND SELF-FORCE IN CURVED SPACETIME IN A FIELD THEORY APPROACH
... motion of relativistic particles and compact objects in an arbitrary curved spacetime from a field theory approach and depicts the quantum and stochastic (part I), semiclassical (parts I and II), and completely classical regimes (part III). In the semiclassical limit of an open quantum system descri ...
... motion of relativistic particles and compact objects in an arbitrary curved spacetime from a field theory approach and depicts the quantum and stochastic (part I), semiclassical (parts I and II), and completely classical regimes (part III). In the semiclassical limit of an open quantum system descri ...
Femtoscopy with unlike-sign kaons at STAR in 200 GeV Au+Au
... In the collisions of heavy ions the nuclear matter can undergo a phase transition from hadrons to a state of deconfined quarks and gluons called the Quak-Gluon Plasma. Femtoscopic measurements of two-particle correlations at small relative momenta reveal information about the space-time characteristi ...
... In the collisions of heavy ions the nuclear matter can undergo a phase transition from hadrons to a state of deconfined quarks and gluons called the Quak-Gluon Plasma. Femtoscopic measurements of two-particle correlations at small relative momenta reveal information about the space-time characteristi ...
Double-Soft Limits of Gluons and Gravitons
... double-soft limit of two scalars in N = 8 supergravity gives rise to the structure constants of the hidden E7(7) symmetry algebra acting non-linearly on the scalars. Single soft scalar limits were also studied as a classification tool for effective field theories in [21]. Recently, the double-soft l ...
... double-soft limit of two scalars in N = 8 supergravity gives rise to the structure constants of the hidden E7(7) symmetry algebra acting non-linearly on the scalars. Single soft scalar limits were also studied as a classification tool for effective field theories in [21]. Recently, the double-soft l ...
The Standard Model of Electroweak Interactions
... The first line contains the correct kinetic terms for the different fields, which give rise to the corresponding propagators. The colour interaction between quarks and gluons is given by the second line; it involves a the SU (3)C matrices λa . Finally, owing to the non-abelian character of the colou ...
... The first line contains the correct kinetic terms for the different fields, which give rise to the corresponding propagators. The colour interaction between quarks and gluons is given by the second line; it involves a the SU (3)C matrices λa . Finally, owing to the non-abelian character of the colou ...
The Weak Interaction - University of Warwick
... In 1956, T.D. Lee and C.N. Yang were trying to solve a very puzzling problem called the τ − θ problem. Two strange mesons, called the τ and the θ, appeared to be identical in every respect : mass, spin, charge etc. The problem was that the τ was observed to decay into three pions π + π + π − or π + ...
... In 1956, T.D. Lee and C.N. Yang were trying to solve a very puzzling problem called the τ − θ problem. Two strange mesons, called the τ and the θ, appeared to be identical in every respect : mass, spin, charge etc. The problem was that the τ was observed to decay into three pions π + π + π − or π + ...
Feynman diagram
In theoretical physics, Feynman diagrams are pictorial representations of the mathematical expressions describing the behavior of subatomic particles. The scheme is named for its inventor, American physicist Richard Feynman, and was first introduced in 1948. The interaction of sub-atomic particles can be complex and difficult to understand intuitively. Feynman diagrams give a simple visualization of what would otherwise be a rather arcane and abstract formula. As David Kaiser writes, ""since the middle of the 20th century, theoretical physicists have increasingly turned to this tool to help them undertake critical calculations"", and as such ""Feynman diagrams have revolutionized nearly every aspect of theoretical physics"". While the diagrams are applied primarily to quantum field theory, they can also be used in other fields, such as solid-state theory.Feynman used Ernst Stueckelberg's interpretation of the positron as if it were an electron moving backward in time. Thus, antiparticles are represented as moving backward along the time axis in Feynman diagrams.The calculation of probability amplitudes in theoretical particle physics requires the use of rather large and complicated integrals over a large number of variables. These integrals do, however, have a regular structure, and may be represented graphically as Feynman diagrams. A Feynman diagram is a contribution of a particular class of particle paths, which join and split as described by the diagram. More precisely, and technically, a Feynman diagram is a graphical representation of a perturbative contribution to the transition amplitude or correlation function of a quantum mechanical or statistical field theory. Within the canonical formulation of quantum field theory, a Feynman diagram represents a term in the Wick's expansion of the perturbative S-matrix. Alternatively, the path integral formulation of quantum field theory represents the transition amplitude as a weighted sum of all possible histories of the system from the initial to the final state, in terms of either particles or fields. The transition amplitude is then given as the matrix element of the S-matrix between the initial and the final states of the quantum system.