Microscopic Theory of Superconductivity
... Leon N. Cooper, and J. Robert Schrieffer[1, 2]. It is among the most beautiful and successful theories in physics. The BCS-theory starts from an effective Hamiltonian of fermionic quasiparticle excitations that interact via a weak attractive interaction. It yields a ground-state many-body wave funct ...
... Leon N. Cooper, and J. Robert Schrieffer[1, 2]. It is among the most beautiful and successful theories in physics. The BCS-theory starts from an effective Hamiltonian of fermionic quasiparticle excitations that interact via a weak attractive interaction. It yields a ground-state many-body wave funct ...
Graviton physics - ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst
... The calculation of photon interactions with matter is a staple in an introductory (or advanced) quantum mechanics course. Indeed the evaluation of the Compton scattering cross section is a standard exercise in relativistic quantum mechanics, since gauge invariance together with the masslessness of t ...
... The calculation of photon interactions with matter is a staple in an introductory (or advanced) quantum mechanics course. Indeed the evaluation of the Compton scattering cross section is a standard exercise in relativistic quantum mechanics, since gauge invariance together with the masslessness of t ...
Asymptotic Symmetries and Electromagnetic
... that these S-matrix related quantities pick out the zero-frequency modes of the corresponding gauge field motivates why they are connected to soft factors. The key ingredient to linking these phenomena is the ability to transition between position and momentum space. We will now summarize our conven ...
... that these S-matrix related quantities pick out the zero-frequency modes of the corresponding gauge field motivates why they are connected to soft factors. The key ingredient to linking these phenomena is the ability to transition between position and momentum space. We will now summarize our conven ...
P202 Lecture 2
... functions is that you cannot have two fermions or more in the same one-body state. Thus fermion occupation numbers are limited to the values 0 or 1. ...
... functions is that you cannot have two fermions or more in the same one-body state. Thus fermion occupation numbers are limited to the values 0 or 1. ...
Quantum theory of many − particle systems
... Notice that Hamilton’s equations are first order in time, but there are twice as many as compared to Lagrange equations. The two sets of equations represent two equivalent ways of describing the same physics. Now reconsider the problem of a single particle moving in one dimension in a potential V (x ...
... Notice that Hamilton’s equations are first order in time, but there are twice as many as compared to Lagrange equations. The two sets of equations represent two equivalent ways of describing the same physics. Now reconsider the problem of a single particle moving in one dimension in a potential V (x ...
Creation of multiple electron-positron pairs in arbitrary fields
... this approach has already provided some insights into various conceptual problems such as the Klein paradox 关26–29兴, the Zitterbewegung 关30–32兴, the electron localization, and the dynamics of the formation of bound states in supercritical fields 关33兴. We will present an exact theoretical framework t ...
... this approach has already provided some insights into various conceptual problems such as the Klein paradox 关26–29兴, the Zitterbewegung 关30–32兴, the electron localization, and the dynamics of the formation of bound states in supercritical fields 关33兴. We will present an exact theoretical framework t ...
Range corrections in Proton Halo Nuclei
... and the scaling dimension of the halo field is d ∼ 2 (see for example [7] for a discussion of the scaling dimension of such auxiliary fields). The covariant derivatives scale as D0 ∼ 2 and Di ∼ 1. Note that we do not explicitly count powers of mass factors since mass is not equivalent to energy in n ...
... and the scaling dimension of the halo field is d ∼ 2 (see for example [7] for a discussion of the scaling dimension of such auxiliary fields). The covariant derivatives scale as D0 ∼ 2 and Di ∼ 1. Note that we do not explicitly count powers of mass factors since mass is not equivalent to energy in n ...
Random Matrix Theory
... be naturally extended from 3 to 10 symmetry classes if one introduces, in addition to the time-reversal symmetry, also the particle-hole symmetry. This requires a certain quasi-relativistic description where there exist both particles and anti-particles (holes). In application to condensed matter ph ...
... be naturally extended from 3 to 10 symmetry classes if one introduces, in addition to the time-reversal symmetry, also the particle-hole symmetry. This requires a certain quasi-relativistic description where there exist both particles and anti-particles (holes). In application to condensed matter ph ...
Integrable Lattice Models From Gauge Theory
... Actually, there is a subtle but important difference between the R-matrix that solves the YangBaxter equation and the S-matrix that describes particle scattering in an integrable relativistic field theory. The reason for this is that the Yang-Baxter equation is not sensitive to an overall c-number f ...
... Actually, there is a subtle but important difference between the R-matrix that solves the YangBaxter equation and the S-matrix that describes particle scattering in an integrable relativistic field theory. The reason for this is that the Yang-Baxter equation is not sensitive to an overall c-number f ...
Classical field theory
... function is called a “functional”, and we denote it here by S[qi (t)]. It turns out that it is possible to define a functional, called the action, such that the number assigned to the physical path between qi1 and qi2 that is prescribed by Newton’s law corresponds to a stationary value (usually a mi ...
... function is called a “functional”, and we denote it here by S[qi (t)]. It turns out that it is possible to define a functional, called the action, such that the number assigned to the physical path between qi1 and qi2 that is prescribed by Newton’s law corresponds to a stationary value (usually a mi ...
Casimir effects in systems containing 2D gases B E Sernelius
... replaced by a summation over discrete frequencies, the socalled Matsubara frequencies [1, 2]. The prime on the summation sign indicates that the n = 0 term should be divided by two. Note that the temperature enters in the discrete frequencies ξn and in the temperature dependence of the dielectric fu ...
... replaced by a summation over discrete frequencies, the socalled Matsubara frequencies [1, 2]. The prime on the summation sign indicates that the n = 0 term should be divided by two. Note that the temperature enters in the discrete frequencies ξn and in the temperature dependence of the dielectric fu ...
Asymptotic Symmetries and Electromagnetic Memory
... The essence of this process and its measurement is a “net effect,” (i.e. it probes the zerofrequency limit of the gauge field sourcing the radiation). This picking out of zero-frequency modes comes from time integration. In gauge theory and gravity one can construct specific time integrated quantiti ...
... The essence of this process and its measurement is a “net effect,” (i.e. it probes the zerofrequency limit of the gauge field sourcing the radiation). This picking out of zero-frequency modes comes from time integration. In gauge theory and gravity one can construct specific time integrated quantiti ...
N = 8 Supergravity, and beyond - Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics
... • Supersymmetry is generally believed to be essential for constructing a perturbatively consistent (finite) theory of quantum gravity. • Discovery of supersymmetry at LHC would open many new avenues and revolutionize particle physics. (But indications so far from ATLAS and CMS are not encouraging fo ...
... • Supersymmetry is generally believed to be essential for constructing a perturbatively consistent (finite) theory of quantum gravity. • Discovery of supersymmetry at LHC would open many new avenues and revolutionize particle physics. (But indications so far from ATLAS and CMS are not encouraging fo ...
Graviton Physics
... The calculation of photon interactions with matter is a staple in an introductory (or advanced) quantum mechanics course. Indeed the evaluation of the Compton scattering cross section is a standard exercise in relativistic quantum mechanics, since gauge invariance together with the masslessness of t ...
... The calculation of photon interactions with matter is a staple in an introductory (or advanced) quantum mechanics course. Indeed the evaluation of the Compton scattering cross section is a standard exercise in relativistic quantum mechanics, since gauge invariance together with the masslessness of t ...
LAGRANGIAN FORMULATION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC
... In introductory physics classes students obtain the equations of motion of free particles through the judicious application of Newton’s Laws, which agree with empirical evidence; that is, the derivation of such equations relies upon trusting that Newton’s Laws hold. Similarly, one obtains Maxwell’s ...
... In introductory physics classes students obtain the equations of motion of free particles through the judicious application of Newton’s Laws, which agree with empirical evidence; that is, the derivation of such equations relies upon trusting that Newton’s Laws hold. Similarly, one obtains Maxwell’s ...
Ch16CTb
... Answer: The E-field points upward toward the (-) charge. The E-fields due to the two (+) charges cancel at point P. An electron is fired into the region of the three charges from the lower right as shown. What is the direction of the acceleration of the electron when it is at point P? ...
... Answer: The E-field points upward toward the (-) charge. The E-fields due to the two (+) charges cancel at point P. An electron is fired into the region of the three charges from the lower right as shown. What is the direction of the acceleration of the electron when it is at point P? ...
Classical field theory
... function is called a “functional”, and we denote it here by S[qi (t)]. It turns out that it is possible to define a functional, called the action, such that the number assigned to the physical path between qi1 and qi2 that is prescribed by Newton’s law corresponds to a stationary value (usually a mi ...
... function is called a “functional”, and we denote it here by S[qi (t)]. It turns out that it is possible to define a functional, called the action, such that the number assigned to the physical path between qi1 and qi2 that is prescribed by Newton’s law corresponds to a stationary value (usually a mi ...
Visibility of interference in Feynman`s atomic light microscope
... The probability density that an atom that has undergone a change of momentum 1k x during the photon–atom scattering process is found at a point x at the screen situated at a distance y from the grating is ...
... The probability density that an atom that has undergone a change of momentum 1k x during the photon–atom scattering process is found at a point x at the screen situated at a distance y from the grating is ...
Exact Conservation Laws of the Gradient Expanded Kadanoff–Baym
... Conservations of charge and energy–momentum result from taking the charge or four–momentum weighted traces of the transport equations (5). These traces include the integration over four-momentum, as well as sums over internal quantum numbers and all types of species a with charges ea ...
... Conservations of charge and energy–momentum result from taking the charge or four–momentum weighted traces of the transport equations (5). These traces include the integration over four-momentum, as well as sums over internal quantum numbers and all types of species a with charges ea ...
An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, Mrinal Dasgupta
... The scope of these lectures is to provide an introduction to the formalism of Quantum Field Theory, and as such is somewhat complementary to the other lectures of this school. It is natural to wonder why QFT is necessary, compelling us to go through a number of formal rather than physical considerat ...
... The scope of these lectures is to provide an introduction to the formalism of Quantum Field Theory, and as such is somewhat complementary to the other lectures of this school. It is natural to wonder why QFT is necessary, compelling us to go through a number of formal rather than physical considerat ...
The AdS/CFT correspondence and condensed matter physics
... from the procedure commonly referred to as the graviton. When comparing a quantum gravity theory with a QFT a natural question would be is it possible to have a spin 2 particle in a QFT? In principle it seems one could form a bound state of say two gauge bosons such that they behave like a spin 2 pa ...
... from the procedure commonly referred to as the graviton. When comparing a quantum gravity theory with a QFT a natural question would be is it possible to have a spin 2 particle in a QFT? In principle it seems one could form a bound state of say two gauge bosons such that they behave like a spin 2 pa ...
Note 3 - Introduction to Line integrals, Curl and Stoke`s Theorem
... the infinitesimal area vector perpendicular at any point to S (figure 6). The orientation of n̂ and C is governed by the right had rule2 . In words this theorem states that the line integral of a vector field F around a closed loop is equal to the surface integral of the curl of F on any surface bou ...
... the infinitesimal area vector perpendicular at any point to S (figure 6). The orientation of n̂ and C is governed by the right had rule2 . In words this theorem states that the line integral of a vector field F around a closed loop is equal to the surface integral of the curl of F on any surface bou ...
Quantum Field Theory I
... simple appearance, namely it equals to Z, where Z is a constant (the so-called wave-function renormalization constant) dependent on the field corresponding to the given leg. The definition and calculation of Z are, however, anything but simple. Fortunately, the dominant part of vast majority of cros ...
... simple appearance, namely it equals to Z, where Z is a constant (the so-called wave-function renormalization constant) dependent on the field corresponding to the given leg. The definition and calculation of Z are, however, anything but simple. Fortunately, the dominant part of vast majority of cros ...
Here - Blogs at UMass Amherst
... the effects of massless gluons represented by the first term in the r.h.s. of (8). Next, in nuclei, binding energy gives an essential contribution to the total mass. One can also mention that the photons, being massless particles, would not interact with gravity if it had been sourced only by masses ...
... the effects of massless gluons represented by the first term in the r.h.s. of (8). Next, in nuclei, binding energy gives an essential contribution to the total mass. One can also mention that the photons, being massless particles, would not interact with gravity if it had been sourced only by masses ...
The Evolution of Quantum Field Theory, From QED to Grand
... without jeopardising the local symmetry structure. This meant that one cannot simply say that ∞ − ∞ = something finite, but one has to establish how these finite expressions reflect the correct symmetry structure and dispersion relations.3 The local symmetry is a gauge symmetry, just as in electro m ...
... without jeopardising the local symmetry structure. This meant that one cannot simply say that ∞ − ∞ = something finite, but one has to establish how these finite expressions reflect the correct symmetry structure and dispersion relations.3 The local symmetry is a gauge symmetry, just as in electro m ...
Feynman diagram
In theoretical physics, Feynman diagrams are pictorial representations of the mathematical expressions describing the behavior of subatomic particles. The scheme is named for its inventor, American physicist Richard Feynman, and was first introduced in 1948. The interaction of sub-atomic particles can be complex and difficult to understand intuitively. Feynman diagrams give a simple visualization of what would otherwise be a rather arcane and abstract formula. As David Kaiser writes, ""since the middle of the 20th century, theoretical physicists have increasingly turned to this tool to help them undertake critical calculations"", and as such ""Feynman diagrams have revolutionized nearly every aspect of theoretical physics"". While the diagrams are applied primarily to quantum field theory, they can also be used in other fields, such as solid-state theory.Feynman used Ernst Stueckelberg's interpretation of the positron as if it were an electron moving backward in time. Thus, antiparticles are represented as moving backward along the time axis in Feynman diagrams.The calculation of probability amplitudes in theoretical particle physics requires the use of rather large and complicated integrals over a large number of variables. These integrals do, however, have a regular structure, and may be represented graphically as Feynman diagrams. A Feynman diagram is a contribution of a particular class of particle paths, which join and split as described by the diagram. More precisely, and technically, a Feynman diagram is a graphical representation of a perturbative contribution to the transition amplitude or correlation function of a quantum mechanical or statistical field theory. Within the canonical formulation of quantum field theory, a Feynman diagram represents a term in the Wick's expansion of the perturbative S-matrix. Alternatively, the path integral formulation of quantum field theory represents the transition amplitude as a weighted sum of all possible histories of the system from the initial to the final state, in terms of either particles or fields. The transition amplitude is then given as the matrix element of the S-matrix between the initial and the final states of the quantum system.