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Interaction strengths in food webs
Interaction strengths in food webs

... extinctions in the web? (b) Which particular species have disproportionately large effects on community structure and species’ population dynamics? (c) Which species are particularly vulnerable to extinction? Opportunities The debate about the best way to characterize species interactions is often a ...
Interaction strengths in food webs - Centre for Biodiversity Theory
Interaction strengths in food webs - Centre for Biodiversity Theory

... extinctions in the web? (b) Which particular species have disproportionately large effects on community structure and species’ population dynamics? (c) Which species are particularly vulnerable to extinction? Opportunities The debate about the best way to characterize species interactions is often a ...
Chapter 11: Wolves Student notes Chapter 11 takes the wolf as the
Chapter 11: Wolves Student notes Chapter 11 takes the wolf as the

... ecosystems, but some species are endangered. 2. One of the main threats to wolves is human expansion. a. Wolves are actively hunted because they feed upon domesticated animals. 3. Wolves are extremely social animals, and their social interactions are the key to their reproductive success and surviva ...
Preston and Johnson 2010
Preston and Johnson 2010

... of Colorado) © 2010 Nature Education Citation: Preston, D. & Johnson, P. (2010) Ecological Consequences of Parasitism. Nature Education Knowledge 1(8):39 ...
Modeling Dynamics of Patchy Landscapes: Linking Metapopulation
Modeling Dynamics of Patchy Landscapes: Linking Metapopulation

... The interrelationship between spatial pattern and ecological process is a central issue in ecology in general and in landscape ecology in particular. Studying ecological process in its context and searching for pattern based on understanding of ecological process has gained an unprecedented momentum ...
Prospectus for Information Ecology
Prospectus for Information Ecology

... Information can act as a forcing function, determining both the structure and function of the ecosystem (for an example related to linguistics see Whorf 1956; Salminen and Hiltunen 1995; for examples related to World-Systems theory see Willard 1993; ChaseDunn and Hall 1995). B. General themes Our ap ...
Introduction to Ecology PPT
Introduction to Ecology PPT

... • Ecologists have long recognized global and regional patterns of distribution of organisms within the biosphere • Biogeography is a good starting point for understanding what limits geographic distribution of species • Ecologists recognize two kinds of factors that ...
Assembly Models - Ecology - Oxford
Assembly Models - Ecology - Oxford

... essentially “complex organisms.” Following his studies of the dynamics of plant succession (see also Ecological Succession), Clements proposed that communities are the end result (climax) of a deterministic development series of the assemblages best fitting the local conditions. This view became inf ...
Distinguishing between direct and indirect effects of predators in
Distinguishing between direct and indirect effects of predators in

... Changes in consumer abundance or behaviour can also alter competitive interactions among species at different trophic levels for other shared resources such as space (Benedetti-Cecchi 2000). The direct and indirect (cascading) effects of loss of predators on lower trophic levels are complex (Wootton ...
3-1 What Is Ecology? - Blue Valley Schools
3-1 What Is Ecology? - Blue Valley Schools

... An ecosystem is a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment. A biome is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. The highest level of organization that ecologists study is the ent ...
Lecture 1 introduction-2011
Lecture 1 introduction-2011

... A lot of assumptions must be made given the paucity( 缺 乏 ) of data available in order for paleoecologists to generate ecosystems of the past. They must assume: ...
Document
Document

... backgrounds and objectives, restoration ecology was more “ ad hot” or “compromise” ecology than a science based primarily on sound ecological principles. ...
Is Infectious Disease Just Another Type of Predator
Is Infectious Disease Just Another Type of Predator

... Evidence from macroecology supports the hypothesis that hostparasite and predator-prey interactions are essentially similar. Macroecology (Brown 1995; Gaston and Blackburn 2000) has yielded several interrelated, large-scale patterns that apply to both sets of interactions. These patterns include rel ...
The Lesson of the Kaibab
The Lesson of the Kaibab

... Introduction: The environment may be altered by forces within the biotic community, as well as by relationships between organisms and the physical environment. The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the maximum number of organisms that an area can support on a sustained basis. The density of a pop ...
Reprinted - RERO DOC
Reprinted - RERO DOC

... For many, the father of food-web ecology is Charles Elton, who analyzed in some detail the trophic interactions among the species inhabiting Bear Island, during the 1921 University of Oxford expedition to Spitsbergen (Fig. 4; refs. 36,37). Elton's contribution to modern ecology was essential. He des ...
Malay Civet Population Project
Malay Civet Population Project

... as stoats and weasels in boreal regions (e.g. Hanski et al. 1991, Hellstedt et al. 2006). The situation for generalist mammalian Carnivores is less clear, since generalist species can easily switch to other prey types one prey type becomes scarce. This is especially true of omnivorous members of the ...
Anurag Agrawal - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Anurag Agrawal - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

... Entomology (3), Evolution (13), Evolutionary Ecology (3), Evolutionary Ecology Research (6), Experimental and Applied Acarology (5), Frontiers in Ecology and Environment (1), Functional Ecology (2), Global Change Biology (2), Global Ecology and Biogeography (1), Gordon Research Conference proposal ( ...
Environmental Ethics - Religion and Nature
Environmental Ethics - Religion and Nature

... assert that the well-being of entire ecological communities, not just individual species (like Homo sapiens) or individual organisms, should be the axial moral concern. Ecocentrism therefore challenges most Western philosophical ethics, which tend to be “anthropocentric,” namely, focused on human we ...
Landscape elements: patches, corridors, boundaries in a
Landscape elements: patches, corridors, boundaries in a

... in 78 experiments from 35 studies; you should know what their key findings were (from assigned reading). Keep in mind that something that is a corridor to one species may not be perceived or used as such by another species (i.e., corridors [and, thus, connectivity] are taxondependent). And corridors ...
Vacant niches in nature, ecology, and evolutionary theory: a mini
Vacant niches in nature, ecology, and evolutionary theory: a mini

... of these paradigms here. Each of them has its own pros, and most probably they are not mutually irreconcilable. It is quite probable that in the future these paradigms will complement one another and, as a result, both will benefit. Woodley’s (2008) proposed a potential compromise between the non-equ ...
MASTER OF SCIENE PROGRAMME IN ANATOMY
MASTER OF SCIENE PROGRAMME IN ANATOMY

... Principle of systematics biology; evolutionary of classification; psychology; classification of microbe, animal and plant; case study Introduction to Philosophy of Science The growth of knowledge of science through the Hypothetico-deductive Model as refined by Karl Popper, the status of scientific t ...
Functional Ecology
Functional Ecology

... lose too much of their photosynthetic tissue and are therefore limited in their capacity for EFN secretion. Have Li and colleagues found an adaptive strategy of a generalist herbivore to suppress a common resistance trait that it is likely to face on multiple hosts? Or do we see here the first (albei ...
Research frontiers in null model analysis
Research frontiers in null model analysis

... et al., 1998; Cade et al., 1999), path analysis (Thomson et al., 1996), and other techniques (Garvey et al., 1998). However, a null model approach may be even more effective (Blackburn et al., 1990). First, null models are often much simpler and easier to understand than some of these statistical mo ...
ap biology summer assignment 2009-2010
ap biology summer assignment 2009-2010

... Purpose: This assignment will allow students to become familiar in utilizing a collegelevel text to begin their study of Advanced Placement Biology. By completing this unit, we will be able to move forward quickly in order to complete the necessary curriculum by the May 14, 2012 AP Biology testing d ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... mouse to a 136,000 kg blue whale. It remains to be seen whether microbes and macrobes will follow the same rules. Experimental macroecology Historically, macroecologists have relied on patterns when making scientific inference. Although this comparative approach has many merits, multiple and opposin ...
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Deep ecology

Deep ecology is a contemporary ecological and environmental philosophy characterized by its advocacy of the inherent worth of living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs, and advocacy for a radical restructuring of modern human societies in accordance with such ideas. Deep ecology argues that the natural world is a subtle balance of complex inter-relationships in which the existence of organisms is dependent on the existence of others within ecosystems. Human interference with or destruction of the natural world poses a threat therefore not only to humans but to all organisms constituting the natural order.Deep ecology's core principle is the belief that the living environment as a whole should be respected and regarded as having certain inalienable legal rights to live and flourish, independent of its utilitarian instrumental benefits for human use. It describes itself as ""deep"" because it regards itself as looking more deeply into the actual reality of humanity's relationship with the natural world arriving at philosophically more profound conclusions than that of the prevailing view of ecology as a branch of biology. The movement does not subscribe to anthropocentric environmentalism (which is concerned with conservation of the environment only for exploitation by and for human purposes) since deep ecology is grounded in a quite different set of philosophical assumptions. Deep ecology takes a more holistic view of the world human beings live in and seeks to apply to life the understanding that the separate parts of the ecosystem (including humans) function as a whole. This philosophy provides a foundation for the environmental, ecology and green movements and has fostered a new system of environmental ethics advocating wilderness preservation, human population control and simple living.
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