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2.4 Mitosis Notes
2.4 Mitosis Notes

... o Chromatin condenses and DNA forms chromatids (chromosomes) o The nuclear envelope (membrane) disappears o Spindle fibers form and connect to the chromosomes (move them around the cell) ...
Chapt_2_CELLS
Chapt_2_CELLS

... cytoplasm. They are needed to synthesise proteins. • The ribosomes attached to the RER make proteins that are usually transported out of the cell • The ribosomes lying freely in the cytoplasm make proteins that are used within the cytoplasm of that cell. • The RER transports proteins made to the Gol ...
Endocrine Tissues
Endocrine Tissues

... Adrenal gland: cortex and medulla ...
A G-protein-coupled receptor
A G-protein-coupled receptor

... (A) Note that both the a and the g subunits have covalently attached lipid molecules (red) that help bind them to the plasma membrane, and the a subunit has GDP bound. (B) The three-dimensional structure of an inactive G protein. the G protein that operates in visual transduction. The a subunit cont ...
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... reaches out to help it move or catch food. • Example: Amoeba ...
Cell-What-is-research
Cell-What-is-research

... like shapes like those in RBCs, TMV, and Histones (3) Cell encapsulation: Creating protective “bubble” to encapsulate cells to release therapeutic substances for humans ...
Onion peel - My Dear Students
Onion peel - My Dear Students

... dropper, water, glycerine, knife, blotting paper, microscope. THEORY The cells of onion peel consist of cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus and a large central vacuole. As the vacuole is very large and occupies most part of the cell, so the nucleus lies at the periphery in the cytoplasm. Other cell or ...
103 Lecture Ch20b
103 Lecture Ch20b

... more polypeptide subunits • The subunits each have their own tertiary structure and are held together by the same forces involved in tertiary structure • For example, hemoglobin is a globular protein that consists of four subunits, of two different types - each subunit contains a heme group for O2 b ...
Toxic Pathways Less Traveled
Toxic Pathways Less Traveled

... Numerous causes  Biochemical events precede structural  Duration and intensity of exposure important (direct dose/response relationship)  Injury may be TISSUE (or cell) specific  Injury depends of ability of cells to respond, resist, and repair injury ...
The Cell Cycle,Cancer
The Cell Cycle,Cancer

... genes are called oncogenes and the normal forms of genes are called as proto oncogenes. Mutation that turns proto oncogenes into oncogenes can take variety of different forms. Some change the amino acid sequence of the protein, altering its shape and trapping it in an ‘always on’ state. Other invol ...
The Incredible Edible Cell!!!
The Incredible Edible Cell!!!

... Part 3: The Model- 200 points This is the fun part! EACH TEAM needs to build your cell model. Each part needs to be made of the food part listed on the data table. You will be graded on how accurate your model is and how close your actual model was to the drawing - i.e. if the nucleus was in the ...
Growth of Pseudomonas oleovorans in Two Liquid Phase
Growth of Pseudomonas oleovorans in Two Liquid Phase

... bonds from cis to trans. Given these results, we expect that the isomerisation will be facilitated and the cis/trans isomerization will occur not only as a result of exposure of cells to toxic organic solvents, but also by other mechanical or physical processes,which can alter the membrane structure ...
File - Achromatopsia
File - Achromatopsia

... Achromatopsia is a retinal disorder that causes the cone structures in the eye to be dysfunctional, resulting in colorblindness, loss of vision and light sensitivity. Several genes are associated with Achromatopsia, including the CNGA3 gene, which are important for regulating the calcium channels in ...
Exam2-2007.doc
Exam2-2007.doc

... ribosomes are made. C) an area where the nucleus is synthesized. D) a membrane-bound organelle. E) the area in a prokaryote where DNA is concentrated. 6) The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are characterized by A) a single-layered membrane. ...
mitosis card game - Biology Junction
mitosis card game - Biology Junction

... Microtubules attach to kinetochore proteins on centromeres ...
Characteristics of Life
Characteristics of Life

... but usually larger than singlecelled organisms  Longer life: Life span is not limited to the life span of any single cell ...
Mitosis in a bag
Mitosis in a bag

... Microtubules attach to kinetochore proteins on centromeres ...
BRIEF REVISION OF CHEMISTRY TERMS Atom The building block
BRIEF REVISION OF CHEMISTRY TERMS Atom The building block

... Proteins are macromolecules that consist of long, unbranched chains of amino acids. These chains may contain about 20 up to hundreds of amino acids. An example of the size of proteins is the red pigment in red blood cells called haemoglobin with the chemical formula – C3032 H4816 O872 N780 S8 Fe4 Ea ...
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Slide 1

... specialized channels conduct ions ...
Cell Structure & Function
Cell Structure & Function

... • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. ...
Function of the biomolecule
Function of the biomolecule

... Of the naturally occurring elements on earth, only about 25% are essential to living organisms. In fact, only four of the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & Nitrogen together make up more than 96% of the mass of a human body. ...
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Proteins made on free ribosomes will be
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Proteins made on free ribosomes will be

Biology Keystone Cliffnotes Chapter Review
Biology Keystone Cliffnotes Chapter Review

... sugar), disaccharides (2 sugars), and polysaccharides (many sugars). Lipids are also energy molecules. They are in oils, fats, and waxes. Lipids are also part of the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer). They are a diverse group. Saturated fats are fatty acids that have all single bonds between the ...
3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure.
3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure.

... • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. ...
Biomolecules
Biomolecules

... • Functional groups maintain chemical properties no matter where they occur • Polar molecules are hydrophilic • Nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic • The degree to which organic molecules interact with water affects their function • Hydroxyl group (-OH) is one of the most common functional groups, it ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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