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... Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates that feed their young milk from mammary glands and have hair or fur on their bodies. The largest single group of mammals is the placental mammals. Placental mammals develop inside their mother, where they are connected to her by a placenta, a large organ filled w ...
Transição Epitélio-Mesenquimal durante a gastrulação - ICB-USP
Transição Epitélio-Mesenquimal durante a gastrulação - ICB-USP

... Nieto, working at the Cajal Institute, Madrid.22 Snail was first identified in Drosophila melanogaster as a transcription factor essential for the formation of mesoderm.23,24 Later, Snail2 loss-offunction experiments carried out in chick embryos showed that the Snail gene family has a role in trigge ...
Do turtles have teeth
Do turtles have teeth

... and a THREE CHAMBER HEART surrounded by a PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE. Locate the RIGHT ATRIUM, LEFT ATRIUM, and VENTRICLE. The SINUS VENOSUS and CONUS ARTERIOSUS ARE SMALLER THAN IN AMPHIBIANS. In fact the SINUS VENOSUS is even absent in some species. The CONUS ARTERIOSUS forms the base of the 3 large art ...
Glucocorticoids Increase Amylase mRNA Levels, Secretory
Glucocorticoids Increase Amylase mRNA Levels, Secretory

... the acinar pancreas. We have now used the rat tumor cell line AR42J, derived from the acinar pancreas, to directly study this effect of glucocorticoids in vitro. The steroid hormones dexamethasone, corticosterone, aldosterone, and progesterone, but not estrogen, increased both the amylase content an ...
Biodiversity Booklet - Protist Page - 3
Biodiversity Booklet - Protist Page - 3

... Animal-Like Protists  Are ____________that obtain nutrients by ingesting other organisms  Are always ________________ (one cell)  Are classified according to ___________ (how they move)  How do the following organisms move? 1) Amoeba: ___________________________________ ...
Document
Document

... - required for transport of substances - regulates body temperature ...
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis

... 13. If you have sickle cell disease, what is your genotype? _____ 14. If you do not have sickle cell disease, what could your genotype be? _____ or _____ Jack and Jill were married one year ago and are thinking of starting a family. Neither has sickle cell disease. However, Jack’s younger sister is ...
A Mechanosensory System Controls Cell Shape Changes During
A Mechanosensory System Controls Cell Shape Changes During

... to continue but ensuring that the transition between states occurs in a well‑ordered manner. Direct monitoring of cell shape is likely to be as important to cytokinesis fidelity as monitoring chromosome spindle attachment. Symmetrical cell division would help ensure that the chromosomes are segregat ...
circulation-respiration formative quiz Name: Date: 1. When Lance
circulation-respiration formative quiz Name: Date: 1. When Lance

... When Lance goes jogging, his heart rate increases to pump blood faster and supply his muscles with more oxygen. Which of the following helps to maintain homeostasis in response to this increase in heart rate? A. ...
Task 1: Determine the haemagglutination unit of influenza virus in
Task 1: Determine the haemagglutination unit of influenza virus in

... The shell vial technique is a variation on the standard tissue culture which takes advantage of using a living cell system and enhances viral recovery by centrifuging the clinical sample onto the monolayer. In this technique a small bottle (vial) with a removable round glass cover slip is used to gr ...
Chapter 7 (Nov 12-13)
Chapter 7 (Nov 12-13)

... Membrane (cross section) has pores large enough for molecules of dye to pass through. Random movement of dye molecules will cause some to pass through the pores; this will happen more often on the side WATER with more molecules. The dye diffuses from where it is more concentrated to where it is less ...
Marking cell lineages in living tissues
Marking cell lineages in living tissues

... highly regular, resulting in a close correspondence between cell lineage and fate. However, in the adult plant, cell divisions are often less regular and it is clear that constant positional signals are exchanged between cells and their neighbours to mediate development (Sena et al., 2004). To under ...
Stochastic Responses May Allow Genetically Diverse Cell
Stochastic Responses May Allow Genetically Diverse Cell

... could be implemented by the existing T cell signaling machinery if noise was suppressed (e.g., with more molecules). The same conclusion holds even if the expected costs are not strictly increasing (decreasing), as long as they do not intersect more than once. Why do T cells not suppress this ‘‘nois ...
Effect of sanguinarine in drinking water on Salmonella control and
Effect of sanguinarine in drinking water on Salmonella control and

... was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in all intestinal segments of the control broilers when compared with the sanguinarine group. In the jejunum and the ileum, the control birds presented a significantly higher crypt depth compared with those fed sanguinarine, in which the villi-to-crypt ratio was g ...
Lesson Overview
Lesson Overview

... Plants have three main tissue systems: dermal, vascular, and ground. These cross sections of the principal organs of seed plants show that all three organs contain dermal tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissue. ...
File - Wk 1-2
File - Wk 1-2

... The one way the kidneys attempt to maintain a pH balance is to retain bicarbonate (HCO3-) which is a base that is constantly being filtered by the glomeruli. 1. In a reaction to a drop of pH, hydrogen ions (H+) are secreted from the plasma into the tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule. 2. ...
Interpertation of laboratory tests - Home
Interpertation of laboratory tests - Home

... identified by the presence of specific toxins produced by them rather than by identification of the organism itself. ◦ For example, Clostridium difficile is detected by the presence of a toxin in the stool. ...
2672aLec10
2672aLec10

... Pressure at the start of the system  Pressure loss in the system  Resistance in the system ...
Multi-lineage `stem` cells in the mammalian embryo
Multi-lineage `stem` cells in the mammalian embryo

... multi-lineage ‘progenitor’ cells that have been identified in the early mammalian embryo, principally that of the mouse. Haemopoietic lineages are not discussed because they are dealt with specifically elsewhere (see Dieterlen-Lievre et al. 1989). Unlike the situation in Ascaris and certain other me ...
HAART and Kidney
HAART and Kidney

... All of the NRTI except abacavir require dosage adjustment in patients with impaired kidney function and in patients on dialysis. NRTI are small molecules with volumes of distribution of 0.5 to 1.9 L/kg with low protein binding (4 to 38%). Abacavir and to a lesser extent zidovudine are metabolized in ...
Actin in plants
Actin in plants

... paper, Gotto & Ueda (1988) have now used rhodamine-phalloidin to map the distribution of actin filaments in dividing Spirogyra. At prophase, actin bundles dispersed in the cytoplasm come together, just beneath the plasma membrane, to form a ring around the middle of the cell (cf. the preprophase ban ...
File
File

... □ Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP. □ ATP from cell respiration is immediately available as a source of energy in the cell. □ Anaerobic cell respiration gives a small yield of ATP from glucose. □ Aerobic cell respiration requires oxygen and g ...
SCI 30 UA CH 1.5 TEXT - Fort Saskatchewan High
SCI 30 UA CH 1.5 TEXT - Fort Saskatchewan High

... During the nineteenth century, people who survived a successful medical operation often died due to infections that occurred during the operation. Most often, the infected wounds developed into gangrene or sepsis. Gangrene usually occurs in the extremities when cell tissues die because circulation h ...
small red mechanoreceptor cells
small red mechanoreceptor cells

... In case of Mimosa pudica, action potentials were demonstrated in 1962.26 The first review about this topic was published in 1973.16 In that article two different types of membrane potential changes of mimosa were described, action potential (evoked by mechanical stimulation or with cold water applic ...
Transport 1 Fox Chapter 6 pt 1
Transport 1 Fox Chapter 6 pt 1

... 1. Facilitated Diffusion: Transported molecule carried by transporter moves down its concentration gradient. 2. Primary Active Transport: Membrane carrier protein transports molecule against its concentration gradient 3. Coupled Active Transport: Couples energy of first molecule moving down concentr ...
< 1 ... 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 ... 1638 >

Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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