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A NIMA-related kinase, Cnk2p, regulates both
A NIMA-related kinase, Cnk2p, regulates both

... During interphase, Fa2p localizes to the proximal end of the flagella, whereas during mitosis it is associated with the polar region of the mitotic spindle (Mahjoub et al., 2004). This was the first report of a NIMA-related kinase with both cell cycle and ciliary functions; Cnk2p is the second. NIMA ...
I need to know about platelets
I need to know about platelets

... (centrifuged) to separate the red cells from the ‘buffy coat’ and the plasma. The buffy coat contains platelets, white cells and some red cells. Four buffy coats can be put together (pooled) and then centrifuged and filtered to remove unwanted cells from the final product. ...
The origins of multicellular organisms
The origins of multicellular organisms

... concentration, that is, t0.5 ¼ [V/(APi)] ln (ct¼0/ct¼0.5), where V is cell volume, A is cell surface area, Pi is the permeability coefficient of i, and ct¼0 and ct¼0.5 are the concentrations of i at time zero and at time 50% concentration (Niklas and Spatz 2012). This formula shows that the time it t ...
Can J Bot
Can J Bot

... arbuscules (Ames et al. 1982; Jabaji-Hare et al. 1984; Klingner et al. 1995). After observing living mycorrhizal ryegrass roots by CLSM, Vierheilig et al. (1999) suggested recently that only collapsed, clumped arbuscules autofluoresce but not highly ramified arbuscules with fine branches. In our stu ...
lab 8 General Methods in preparationof Skin Biopsies
lab 8 General Methods in preparationof Skin Biopsies

... inflammation of the skin. The term ‘contact dermatitis’ is used when this inflammation is caused by contact with something in the environment. ...
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society

... has recently been rejuvenated by molecular who have geneticists, found cultured roots useful for ex periments in gene transfer (Fig. 1). The 1930s also saw the begin ning of an intensifying pursuit of but not previously hypothesized then identified organic substances to serve as plant hor believed m ...
Antigens are proteins that set up antibody reaction - A
Antigens are proteins that set up antibody reaction - A

... • Monitored to determine transfusion needs • EBL = estimated blood loss • STSR and circulator’s responsibility to monitor at all times • Determine how much irrigant you have used and subtract that amount from the amount of bloody fluid in the suction container to determine actual blood loss • This i ...
Chapter 4b
Chapter 4b

... • Local blood vessels become more permeable, allowing white blood cells, fluid, clotting proteins and other plasma proteins to seep into the injured area. • Clotting occurs; surface dries and forms a scab. ...
Earthworm Dissection Lab Instructions
Earthworm Dissection Lab Instructions

... mouth, which is the beginning of the digestive tract. The mixture enters the pharynx, which is located in segments 1–6. The esophagus, in segments 6–13, acts as a passageway between the pharynx and the crop. The crop stores food temporarily. The mixture that the earthworm ingests is ground up in the ...
File
File

... • Local blood vessels become more permeable, allowing white blood cells, fluid, clotting proteins and other plasma proteins to seep into the injured area. • Clotting occurs; surface dries and forms a scab. ...
Intercellular Communication during Plant
Intercellular Communication during Plant

... their collective growth and development. A key innovation was intercellular communication. The two primary groups of multicellular eukaryotes, plants and animals, independently evolved multicellularity and various mechanisms for effective intercellular communication. Plants rely extensively on local ...
Transport of intravenously-injected ferritin across the guinea
Transport of intravenously-injected ferritin across the guinea

... tions. The adventitia consisted of a loose matrix taken at 10 min. and 1 hr (Fig. 2). At these times containing collagen in which were found fibroblasts it was also seen in pits opening onto the blood and occasional macrophages. These small vessels vessel lumen as well as in basal pits (on the basem ...
Muscle structure / Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation
Muscle structure / Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation

... reticulum which discharges Calcium ions -> triggers myosin cross-bridges to pull actin -> causes Z bands to move = muscle shortening ...
Non-genetic heterogeneity of cells in development: more than just
Non-genetic heterogeneity of cells in development: more than just

... This is a general phenomenon that arises in some gene-regulatory circuits with feedback loops and forces cells to make a choice between two alternative stable states as their current state is destabilized (Huang et al., 2007). This example illustrates how we have sidelined the notion of cell individ ...
06/Simple Marine Animals
06/Simple Marine Animals

... Two nutrients that animals are able to derive energy from quickly are sugars and starches. Sugars and starches comprise the carbohydrates, compounds that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in definite proportions. The molecular formula for the simple sugar glucose is C6H12O6. That mea ...
Induction of S phase stasis - Journal of Cell Science
Induction of S phase stasis - Journal of Cell Science

... protein is produced during S phase (McGarry and Kirschner, 1998), and suppresses residual Cdt1 (Nishitani et al., 2001; Tada et al., 2001; Wohlschlegel et al., 2000). As a result, for replication, the cell is dependent on MCM that has been loaded at origins during G1, consistent with the licensing f ...
6.cellandnucleardivision
6.cellandnucleardivision

... precaution against bacterial growth). PDGF was added to half the vessels. The culture vessels were incubated at 37°C. With PDGF ...
Document
Document

... increases the surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently. No nucleus, so the whole cell is full of haemoglobin. ...
Flamingo regulates epiboly and convergence/extension movements
Flamingo regulates epiboly and convergence/extension movements

... injected with celsr1a and celsr1b morpholinos into embryos from crossing homozygous ord female and wild-type male (Mord). The Mord embryos injected with the celsr1a/celsr1b morpholinos show the epiboly defects in that deep cells are retracted from the leading edge of the EVL, but the phenotype is le ...
Lysosomal enzymes in the macronucleus of Tetrahymena
Lysosomal enzymes in the macronucleus of Tetrahymena

... pairing, rather than the 2% glutaraldehyde called for in the published procedure, double staining can be achieved. Using fluorescence together with dim brightfield illumination, we find it possible to visualize both the acid phosphatase product and DAPI-stained nuclei simultaneously (Figure 6a). Thi ...
Show and tell: cell biology of pathogen invasion
Show and tell: cell biology of pathogen invasion

... (FRET-APB), exist that are less subject to background fluorescence arising from bleed-through of CFP excitation light into the YFP channel [23]. Although their application is more technically challenging than FRET, these methods are very sensitive. A complementary method for observing dynamic chan ...
Cell Host & Microbe
Cell Host & Microbe

... be phosphorylated by specific CDPKs (Kobayashi et al., 2007; Dubiella et al., 2013), which are important for flg22-triggered ROS production (Boudsocq et al., 2010). Therefore, it was proposed that MAMP-triggered calcium influx activates a specific group of CDPKs, which then activate ROS production b ...
Compounds of Living Things
Compounds of Living Things

... you usually eat is sodium chloride. There are other salts that are made of elements such as potassium and calcium. All of these salts are present in your body and have vital functions. Salts help transport materials in and out of the cells. Cells use a difference in electrical charge inside and outs ...
Measuring the stiffness of bacterial cells from growth
Measuring the stiffness of bacterial cells from growth

... macroscopic measurements of the peptidoglycan Young’s modulus (Boulbitch et al., 2000) and determining the consequent effects on cell shape (Huang et al., 2008; Furchtgott et al., 2011). Although peptidoglycan is widely conserved in bacteria, our understanding of its physical properties is limited t ...
Our Human Body - On-site student activities
Our Human Body - On-site student activities

... Body parts and body systems Cells make up the organs that are inside our bodies. Each body organ does a special job. When several organs work together they are called a body system. Explore the different ‘Body parts’ displays throughout the exhibition. ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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