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Study of Cells
Study of Cells

... 11. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the main energy transformers of cells • Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the organelles that convert energy to forms that cells can use for work. • Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, generating ATP from the breakdown of sugars, fats, and other ...
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...  Microtubules are the larger strands of the cytoskeleton, they are hollow tubes that help support the cell.  In many cells, microtubules extend outward from a central point near the nucleus to various sites near the cell membrane.  When a cell is about to divide, bundles of microtubules come toge ...
Eukaryotic cell
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Medically important microorganisms 2010. doc
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ExoU-induced procoagulant activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected airway cells
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...  Prokaryotic: simple/small; no nucleus/organelles; examples are bacteria & archaea  Eukaryotic: organelles separated by membranes; have nucleus; examples are plants, animals, fungi STRUCTURE DICTATES FUNCTION  By studying bio structure you determine what it does and how it works  Molecular level ...
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... mesoderm appears to induce or maintain a differentiated stage in the chorionic trophoblast. Consequently it seems reasonable to postulate that differentiation of this degree is necessary for the process of polykaryon formation to occur. These results may be compared with normal organogenesis of the ...
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Document
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... 1. Cell – a basic unit of structure and function in all organisms. 2. Cell membrane – the semi-permeable membrane that encloses the contents of a cell 3. Cell theory – states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells ...
Are you really going out with a virus?
Are you really going out with a virus?

... 3.
AIR
–
All
organisms
need
oxygen
and/or
carbon
dioxide
to
live.

Animals
take
in
oxygen
and
release
carbon
 dioxide.

Plants
take
in
carbon
dioxide
to
make
food
and
take
in
oxygen
to
release
energy.

Organisms
that
use
 oxygen
are
aerobic.

Organisms
that
do
not
use
oxygen
are
anaerobic.
 4.
A
PLA ...
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Amitosis

Amitosis (a- + mitosis) is absence of mitosis, the usual form of cell division in the cells of eukaryotes. There are several senses in which eukaryotic cells can be amitotic. One refers to capability for non-mitotic division and the other refers to lack of capability for division. In one sense of the word, which is now mostly obsolete, amitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that happens without the usual features of mitosis as seen on microscopy, namely, without nuclear envelope breakdown and without formation of mitotic spindle and condensed chromosomes as far as microscopy can detect. However, most examples of cell division formerly thought to belong to this supposedly ""non-mitotic"" class, such as the division of unicellular eukaryotes, are today recognized as belonging to a class of mitosis called closed mitosis. A spectrum of mitotic activity can be categorized as open, semi-closed, and closed mitosis, depending on the fate of the nuclear envelope. An exception is the division of ciliate macronucleus, which is not mitotic, and the reference to this process as amitosis may be the only legitimate use of the ""non-mitotic division"" sense of the term today. In animals and plants which normally have open mitosis, the microscopic picture described in the 19th century as amitosis most likely corresponded to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death associated with fragmentation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Relatedly, even in the late 19th century cytologists mentioned that in larger life forms, amitosis is a ""forerunner of degeneration"".Another sense of amitotic refers to cells of certain tissues that are usually no longer capable of mitosis once the organism has matured into adulthood. In humans this is true of various muscle and nerve tissue types; if the existing ones are damaged, they cannot be replaced with new ones of equal capability. For example, cardiac muscle destroyed by heart attack and nerves destroyed by piercing trauma usually cannot regenerate. In contrast, skin cells are capable of mitosis throughout adulthood; old skin cells that die and slough off are replaced with new ones. Human liver tissue also has a sort of dormant regenerative ability; it is usually not needed or expressed but can be elicited if needed.
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