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Respiratory
Respiratory

... Physiologically, the respiration involves ventilation and gas exchange. Ventilation is the process of moving air over the gas exchange surfaces of the lung (i.e., the mechanisms involved in inspiration and expiration). Gas exchange is a passive process, governed by the mechanics of diffusion. Inspir ...
Roles of 14-3-3 and calmodulin binding in subcellular localization
Roles of 14-3-3 and calmodulin binding in subcellular localization

... RGK proteins exhibit unique structural and functional features that differ from other GTPases. These include the lack of lipid modification for membrane anchorage, the presence of N- and C-terminal extensions and an unconventional G3 motif. Another distinctive characteristic is the regulation of RGK ...
Aldose reductase mRNA is an epithelial cell
Aldose reductase mRNA is an epithelial cell

... zone (Fig. 2B). This quantity diminishes significantly in the differentiated fiber cell (Fig. 2B). Maturing fiber cells in the cortex continue to have high activity for MP26 RNA6 (Fig. 2A), and these same cells have a lower activity for AR RNA (Fig. 2B). Closer examination of the elongating cells (F ...
Relationship between the timing of DNA replication and the
Relationship between the timing of DNA replication and the

... a chemically defined medium. The results show that in D cells DNA synthesis takes place not only immediately after completion of mitosis as in ND cells, but also before mitosis. The occurrence of premature DNA replication is related to the inconstancy of nuclear DNA content as well as to the low com ...
Intro Neurology
Intro Neurology

... * The para- and sympathetic systems have opposing effects to one another (ex. paradecreases heart rate, sympathetic increases heart rate). The quick & dirty introduction to them makes it sound like either one or the other is functioning, depending on whether there's an emergency or not. Really, both ...
sheet12
sheet12

... The long single process is called axon Axon at the terminal part gives many branches and the terminations of these branches have button like structures ( swelling areas/knobs ) The cell body contains large nucleus with prominent nucleolus which indicates the activity of the cell (in histological sec ...
Alteration of the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Membrane
Alteration of the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Membrane

... Zuniga et al., 1983; Zuniga and Hood, 1986). The expression of wild-type influenza hemagglutinin and VSV G-protein in MDCK cells has shown that the information necessary for polar transport to the cell surface is contained within the amino acid sequence of the membrane protein examined; i.e., no oth ...
(PUNCH-P) reveals cell cycle
(PUNCH-P) reveals cell cycle

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Assembly and function of AP-3 complexes in cells expressing
Assembly and function of AP-3 complexes in cells expressing

... but the 2 hinge and ear domains (3A2); two 3A deletion mutants (3A 807–831 and 3A807 stop); and a 3A point mutant (3A817AAA). The 3A 807–831 mutant is missing a fragment of the distal part of the hinge, including the clathrin binding domain (amino acids 817–822), whereas the 3A807stop muta ...
Fig. 3D - Journal of Cell Science
Fig. 3D - Journal of Cell Science

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What is Evolution?
What is Evolution?

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Targeting PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3 in Combination for Improved
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... Surrogate antibodies recognizing mouse PD-1, mouse LAG-3 and mouse TIM-3 were purchased from BioXCell, and tested alone and in combination in the MC38 syngeneic tumor model. MC38 cells (1 x106 s.c.) were implanted into C57Bl/6 mice and grown for 10 days. Mice with tumors measuring 40-90 mm3 were ran ...
Deep Insight Section  Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Deep Insight Section Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... from mutated stem cells and/or from somatic cell that converted to cells similar to stem cells (Fig.1). These include resistance to toxic drugs through the expression of several ABC transporters, an active DNA repair capacity, resistance to apoptosis, and lack of relative quiescent cell stages. ...
Chapter 3: Cellular Form and Function
Chapter 3: Cellular Form and Function

... • All organisms composed of cells and cell products. • A cell is the simplest structural and functional unit of life. There are no smaller subdivisions of a cell or organism that, in themselves, are alive. • An organism’s structure and all of its functions are ultimately due to the activities of its ...
THE IMPACT OF MOLLUSCICIDES ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN
THE IMPACT OF MOLLUSCICIDES ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN

... special metabolic pathways or by induction of particular enzymes. For example, enzymes normally catalyzing oxidative digestive processes or being involved in steroid metabolism might be used in detoxification through oxidation (den Besten et al., 1990). The activation of such oxidative processes by ...
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... Selective impairment of potassium excretion (normal renin and aldosterone, no Na wasting, normal antinatriuretic response to exogenous mineralocorticoids) ...
1. Module Title - Soran University
1. Module Title - Soran University

... 1. Understand the hierarchy of plant structure by learning the basic features of plant cells, tissues, and organs. 2. Differentiate between the basic systematic groups of vascular plants: ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. 3. Relate function of an organ to structure 4. To instill i ...
Soran University Biology Module Specification 1. Module Title: Plant
Soran University Biology Module Specification 1. Module Title: Plant

... 1. Understand the hierarchy of plant structure by learning the basic features of plant cells, tissues, and organs. 2. Differentiate between the basic systematic groups of vascular plants: ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. 3. Relate function of an organ to structure 4. To instill i ...
Organogenesis
Organogenesis

...  Cause economic losses, by overrunning the culture either killing the explant or rendering it for the subculture  Affect the productivity both in vitro and of the progeny plant ...
Insulin-like growth factors - California State University, Long Beach
Insulin-like growth factors - California State University, Long Beach

... removal from the cell surface by IGF-I is time and dose dependent, but independent of IGF-I activation of receptor signaling functions to inhibit IGF-I growth stimulation cell surfaces associates through a RGD amino ...
Spherical Solar Cells Solve Issue of 3
Spherical Solar Cells Solve Issue of 3

... the IV characteristics of a spherical micro cell, a method adopted for conventional flat-type single junction solar cells (Fig. 4). The output of a solar cell increases 50 percent if a reflection plate is provided on the opposite side of a light source compared with its output measured without a ref ...
Cytokines T Cells: Role of CD86 and
Cytokines T Cells: Role of CD86 and

... on maturation induced by LPS (Fig. 4A). DCs cocultured with PAM-stimulated total PBLs or purified ␥␦ T cells showed a marked decrease in their ability to take up FITC-labeled dextran, whereas no significant changes were observed on coculture with unstimulated or ␥␦ T cell-depleted PBLs. Likewise, ex ...
Astronomy Review
Astronomy Review

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Diffusion & Osmosis
Diffusion & Osmosis

... these questions: ...
Yeast Cell Wall
Yeast Cell Wall

... Yeast Cell Wall is a non-specific stimulator of the immune system of both man and animals. Numerous scientific studies have shown that when ingested orally Yeast Beta-Glucan - a constituent of Yeast Cell Wall can stimulate the cells of the immune system (macrophages) and help to overcome bacterial i ...
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Amitosis

Amitosis (a- + mitosis) is absence of mitosis, the usual form of cell division in the cells of eukaryotes. There are several senses in which eukaryotic cells can be amitotic. One refers to capability for non-mitotic division and the other refers to lack of capability for division. In one sense of the word, which is now mostly obsolete, amitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that happens without the usual features of mitosis as seen on microscopy, namely, without nuclear envelope breakdown and without formation of mitotic spindle and condensed chromosomes as far as microscopy can detect. However, most examples of cell division formerly thought to belong to this supposedly ""non-mitotic"" class, such as the division of unicellular eukaryotes, are today recognized as belonging to a class of mitosis called closed mitosis. A spectrum of mitotic activity can be categorized as open, semi-closed, and closed mitosis, depending on the fate of the nuclear envelope. An exception is the division of ciliate macronucleus, which is not mitotic, and the reference to this process as amitosis may be the only legitimate use of the ""non-mitotic division"" sense of the term today. In animals and plants which normally have open mitosis, the microscopic picture described in the 19th century as amitosis most likely corresponded to apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death associated with fragmentation of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Relatedly, even in the late 19th century cytologists mentioned that in larger life forms, amitosis is a ""forerunner of degeneration"".Another sense of amitotic refers to cells of certain tissues that are usually no longer capable of mitosis once the organism has matured into adulthood. In humans this is true of various muscle and nerve tissue types; if the existing ones are damaged, they cannot be replaced with new ones of equal capability. For example, cardiac muscle destroyed by heart attack and nerves destroyed by piercing trauma usually cannot regenerate. In contrast, skin cells are capable of mitosis throughout adulthood; old skin cells that die and slough off are replaced with new ones. Human liver tissue also has a sort of dormant regenerative ability; it is usually not needed or expressed but can be elicited if needed.
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