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ch15
ch15

... Each island has its own type of tortoise, distinguishable by the shape and pattern of its shell. Darwin was astonished that the islanders felt that this was due to the difference in environment on each island. Darwin also observed the finches, which varied in size and shape from island to island. Th ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Occurs when a population becomes reproductively isolated without geographic barriers  Mutations or selection pressures that lead to changes in behavior, habitat, food source, phenology…. Diagram – meiosis errors  Errors in meiosis that lead to polyploidy (some plants can be selffertile, vegetati ...
Species and Speciation
Species and Speciation

... selection, alleles proven to be more advantageous tend to be more frequent. Alleles that are disadvantageous to an organism's survival are not passes on to as many offspring. Without changes in allele frequency, evolution cannot occur ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Occurs when a population becomes reproductively isolated without geographic barriers  Mutations or selection pressures that lead to changes in behavior, habitat, food source, phenology…. Diagram – meiosis errors  Errors in meiosis that lead to polyploidy (some plants can be selffertile, vegetati ...
Name: Date: Period: _____ Unit 11 Notes, Part 1 – Macroevolution
Name: Date: Period: _____ Unit 11 Notes, Part 1 – Macroevolution

... of the lake. The arrow cichlid evolved from a population of the midas cichlid that adapted to live and eat in the open water (i.e. the deeper water in the middle of the lake). These arrow cichlid evolved to have a different body size, jaw shape, and tooth size and shape from the midas cichlid as a r ...
Platanthera ciliaris
Platanthera ciliaris

... Individuals that can produce successful offspring are considered the same species ...
Species concepts
Species concepts

... variation within the species does not matter. ...
Mechanisms of Evolution
Mechanisms of Evolution

... form of a branching tree. Species A splits into species A and B. Species B may subsequently branch into species C, and so on. Species A, B and C may exist all at the same time and any of them may be ended by extinction at some point in the process. Divergent speciation is consistent with fossil evid ...
File
File

... from reaching the eggs i.e. When Drosophila virilis and Drosophila americanus mate, the sperm a immobilized so that they never reach the eggs. ...
Chapter 18
Chapter 18

... isolation Reproductive isolation arises as a by-product of genetic change ...
SPECIATION
SPECIATION

... Convergent speciation: Two species that have not developed enough reproductive isolation but have maintained their independent existence owing to the geographical isolation can merge and produce a new species by hybridization should the geographical barrier separating them is removed. Sometimes migr ...
You Light Up My Life - Las Positas College
You Light Up My Life - Las Positas College

... – Takes effect after hybrid zygotes form – Zygotes may die early, be weak, or be sterile ...
Chapter 24 Presentation
Chapter 24 Presentation

... Plants of different color attract different pollinators preventing cross pollination. Also, differences in flower shape and design prevents cross pollination. ...
3.2 Origins of Biodiversity - Amazing World of Science with Mr. Green
3.2 Origins of Biodiversity - Amazing World of Science with Mr. Green

... Even if two species mate and produce hybrid offspring that are vigorous, the species are still reproductively isolated if the hybrids are sterile (genes cannot flow from one species’ gene pool to the other). Such cases are common among the horse family (such as the zebra and donkey shown on the righ ...
natural selection
natural selection

... into selection frequency the population; process due to athe chance only source event of •new Founder allelesevent – occurs when a small Migration group is–isolated members ...
Sympatric speciation occurs when two individual
Sympatric speciation occurs when two individual

... own gametes do not undergocytokinesis after meiosis, the result is autopolyploidy. When individuals of two different species reproduce to form a viable offspring, such that the extra chromosomes come from two different species, the result is an allopolyploid. Once a species develops an abnormal numb ...
File
File

... Homologous structures are structures that are inherited from a common ancestor so are very similar in structure, but are used for a different function. For example, human hand bones and bird wing bones are very similar in structure, but humans use their hands to grab while birds use their wings to f ...
Reinforced butterfly speciation
Reinforced butterfly speciation

... utterfly wing patterns are attractive, not just to artists, writers and naturalists, but also to other butterflies. In fact, they play an important role in signalling between potential butterfly mates, which means that a change in pattern can lead to the evolution of a new species. A new study has s ...
The Origin of Species
The Origin of Species

... cannot backbreed to either parent. Reduced Hybrid Breakdown: in some cases, first generation hybrids are viable and fertile, but, when they mate with either parent or with each other, the next generation is feeble or sterile. ...
The Origin of Life: How? When? Where?
The Origin of Life: How? When? Where?

... stone, and were asked how the stone came to be there; I might possibly answer, that, for any thing I knew to the contrary, it had lain there for ever: nor would it perhaps be very easy to show the absurdity of this answer. But suppose I had found a watch upon the ground, and it should be inquired ho ...
mechanisms of speciation
mechanisms of speciation

... When two species do not reproduce because of differences in mating rituals, the situation is referred to as a. temporal isolation. b. geographic isolation. c. behavioral isolation. d. reproductive isolation. ...
How Populations Evolve
How Populations Evolve

... Hybrid breakdown – hybrids are viable and fertile but their offspring are defective or sterile Exception may be introgression when offspring may be able to mate w parent species variation in gene pool without sacrificing species ...
the Note
the Note

... o Wallace developed the Wallace effect, which is a hypothesis that addresses how natural selection could contribute to speciation because it encouraged the development of barriers against hybridization. Wallace was also an activist and wrote on both social and scientific issues of the time, includin ...
Darwin Presents His Case
Darwin Presents His Case

...  reduced genetic variation from the original population.  a non-random sample of the genes in the original population. ...
Hi These questions are about the evolution of species (speciation
Hi These questions are about the evolution of species (speciation

... key to speciation is the evolution of genetic differences between the incipient species. For a lineage to split once and for all, the two incipient species must have genetic differences that are expressed in some way that causes matings between them to either not happen or to be unsuccessful. These ...
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Reproductive isolation

The mechanisms of reproductive isolation or hybridization barriers are a collection of mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes that prevent the members of two different species that cross or mate from producing offspring, or which ensure that any offspring that may be produced are sterile. These barriers maintain the integrity of a species over time, reducing or directly impeding gene flow between individuals of different species, allowing the conservation of each species’ characteristics.The mechanisms of reproductive isolation have been classified in a number of ways. Zoologist Ernst Mayr classified the mechanisms of reproductive isolation in two broad categories: those that act before fertilization (or before mating in the case of animals, which are called pre-copulatory) and those that act after. These have also been termed pre-zygotic and post-zygotic mechanisms. The different mechanisms of reproductive isolation are genetically controlled and it has been demonstrated experimentally that they can evolve in species whose geographic distribution overlaps (sympatric speciation) or as the result of adaptive divergence that accompanies allopatric speciation.
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