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Working Papers in Economics and Social Sciences
Working Papers in Economics and Social Sciences

... competition for shelf spaces of other entertainment products such as DVDs, discount prices, availability of only most popular titles on shelves, reducing variety to consumers. For instance, according to the music and video director of Carrefour, the music variety offered on the shelves was reduced by ...
PDF
PDF

... retailers. The status of super middlemen is the culmination of the process of supply base rationalisation that has resulted in a progressive reduction in the number of suppliers that the major multiple retailers’ are prepared to deal with. Retailers have not wanted to deal directly with primary prod ...
How marketing capabilities and current performance drive
How marketing capabilities and current performance drive

... may also play role, the predominant conceptualization in management suggests that strategic decisions are a response to what decision-makers view as relevant and important aspects of the market situation faced (Grimm et al., 2006). This occurs mainly at the product-market level, where strategy selec ...
Presentation
Presentation

...  Set the tariff equal to the tariff equivalent created by the import quota, so imports would continue to equal the TRQ level.  The tariff equivalent is lower than the bound over-quota tariff rate.  Removes the need to allocate TRQ shares and allows competition to prevail. ...
S0600381_en.pdf
S0600381_en.pdf

... Contribution to world GDP growth, by country and region .............................................................................. Trade reliance on the United States, 2005 ......................................................................................................... Latin America: ex ...
de-fragmenting africa
de-fragmenting africa

... for countries in Southern Africa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 Index of allocative efficiency (Manufacturing and services) for countries in Southern Africa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 FDI inflows and the marg ...
Tanzania Investor Survey Report
Tanzania Investor Survey Report

... Survey database constitute a very useful resource and input to the Tanzania Investment Centre and certainly improve our investment promotion and monitoring role with existing and prospective foreign investors. It covers crucial analysis on how foreign investment can trigger investment by domestic fi ...
Our Man In… The Role of Ambassadors / Diplomats in the 21st
Our Man In… The Role of Ambassadors / Diplomats in the 21st

... The role of diplomats in trade and investment promotion • For diplomats in particular this role of promoting successfully their countries’ strategic commercial interests is crucial because as mentioned earlier attracting FDI has become the central focus of strategic economic planning • Adequate str ...
How U.S. Multinational Companies Strengthen the U.S. Economy
How U.S. Multinational Companies Strengthen the U.S. Economy

... success of these companies, it has long been essential to engage in the global economy—both by serving fastgrowing markets abroad and by drawing on productive strengths there as well. Despite all this, the contribution to the American economy of the global success of U.S. multinationals is increasin ...
CIS countries
CIS countries

... potential acquisition targets. An example of such activity is the acquisition of a 50%-plus-oneshare in the Russian consumer electronics chain Eldorado (operating in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan) by the Czech entity PPF Group in October 2009. Another example is the takeover of the 82-supermarket P ...
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PDF

... contemporaneous values of a price series and its own lags, are statistically different from zero. In terms of applicability to the study of markets, especially in developing countries, the Granger causality test holds several appealing features. First, causality can be established from a set of pric ...
An Introduction to International Marketing: A Guide to Going Global
An Introduction to International Marketing: A Guide to Going Global

... Why All Businesses Need to Think International n 3 ...
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PDF

... arrangement for New Zealand apples and pears helped that industry out-perfonn its Australian counterpart during the 1970s and 1980s, partly because of market-power considerations. What can the results from a simple equilibrium displacement model contribute to the debate? It does seem clear that eval ...
cheeromes - isbeconomics
cheeromes - isbeconomics

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Foreign Policy Determinants: Comparing Realist and Domestic
Foreign Policy Determinants: Comparing Realist and Domestic

... Second, most research has not employed appropriate statistical tests for assessing competing theoretical models. The standard approach for comparing nonnested models is to group all of the variables in a single model and count how many from each explanation are significant. Clarke (2001, 2003) notes ...
The OLI Framework The - University of Oxford
The OLI Framework The - University of Oxford

... inspired a great deal of applied work in economics and international business. In itself it does not constitute a formal theory that can be confronted with data in a scientific way, but it nevertheless provides a helpful framework for categorizing much (though not all) recent analytical and empirica ...
Competitiveness and Policy Analysis of Potato Production in
Competitiveness and Policy Analysis of Potato Production in

... positive but less than unity implies that it does not has such advantage. Indicators of policy analysis can be generated directly from the elements in PAM. The simplest indicator of policy analysis is the Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC), the ratio of domestic to border prices for given product. ...
Position taken by the Saarbrücken Chamber of Commerce
Position taken by the Saarbrücken Chamber of Commerce

... and inward external trade flows over the last 25 years that France and Germany have been far and away its most important trading partners. It has been established, further, that the Saar’s substantial import and export requirements call for a broad European market, with the primary emphasis on Franc ...
3 - WTO Documents Online - World Trade Organization
3 - WTO Documents Online - World Trade Organization

... It notes that paragraph 2(c) covers only regional or global arrangements entered into among developing countries "for the mutual reduction or elimination of tariffs, and in accordance with criteria or conditions which may be prescribed by the Contracting Parties, for the mutual reduction or eliminat ...
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... Milk producers in virtually every OECD country, and in many non-OECD countries as well, benefit from government interventions that boost the prices they receive for their raw milk production. Certainly, government support and protection for milk producers is more widespread than for any of the other ...
Pacific Island Countries: In Search of a Trade Strategy
Pacific Island Countries: In Search of a Trade Strategy

... exploit economies of scale, a disadvantage that is exacerbated by PICs’ geographic remoteness from major global economic centers. Small size and remoteness lead to high costs of production and trading and hence lower price competitiveness of PIC exports. It is thought that through trade integration, ...
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PDF

... As discussed above, the net acreage change (NET) in Year t– 1 is the difference between plantings in Year t–5 and removals in t– 1. Thus, NET, is a function of factors that influence planting and removal decisions in Years t –4 and t,respectively, which include the expected profit from kiwifruit and ...
world trade - SICE (OAS) - Organization of American States
world trade - SICE (OAS) - Organization of American States

... Manufacturing contracted particularly in the 1996-98 period before increasing in 1999 and contracting again in 2000. To counter the secular decline of manufacturing, new tax incentives for the sector were put in place on top of the existing ones. The authorities consider that the implementation of P ...
BabyPlus® prenatal education system now available at Target.com
BabyPlus® prenatal education system now available at Target.com

... manufacturing and marketing of a diverse portfolio of powerful consumer brands, sold through its Juvenile, Home Furnishings, and Recreational/Leisure segments. Headquartered in Montreal and with significant operations in the United States and Europe, Dorel employs approximately 4,700 people in 15 co ...
The Few Leading The Many: Foreign Affiliates and
The Few Leading The Many: Foreign Affiliates and

... the ability of multinationals to geographically separate the services of knowledgebased and knowledge-generating activities from production, such as R&D and management know-how (Helpman, 2014; Markusen, 2002). These knowledgebased services have a (partial) joint-input characteristic which means that ...
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Export

The term export means shipping the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an ""exporter"" and is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an ""importer"". In international trade, ""exports"" refers to selling goods and services produced in the home country to other markets.Export of commercial quantities of goods normally requires involvement of the customs authorities in both the country of export and the country of import. The advent of small trades over the internet such as through Amazon and eBay have largely bypassed the involvement of Customs in many countries because of the low individual values of these trades. Nonetheless, these small exports are still subject to legal restrictions applied by the country of export. An export's counterpart is an import.
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