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Proof Theory - Andrew.cmu.edu
Proof Theory - Andrew.cmu.edu

byd.1 Second-Order logic
byd.1 Second-Order logic

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... all computable functions. An essentially equivalent and useful formulation of this fact is that the language with integer variables i, j, . . . , two instructions increment(i) and decrement(i), and a looping construct while i > 0 do, can define all computable functions on the integers. Of course, we ...
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... Upon completion of this course the student will be able to understand logic of compound and quantified statements, number theory and methods of proof, mathematical induction, counting methods, finite state automata, functions and relations 1. Knowledge and understanding : - Fundamental knowledge nee ...
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... 4. (5%) How many bit strings of length m begin with one 0 bit and end with two 1 bits? 5. (5%) How many numbers must be selected from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} to guarantee that at least one pair of these numbers add up to 9? 6. (5%) How many permutations of the letters ABCDEFGHI contain the ...
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... 21.3 Prime factors Number theory has its foundation in the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, which states that every integer x > 1 can be written uniquely in the form x = pk11 pk22 · · · pkr r , where the pi ’s are primes and the ki ’s are positive integers. Given x, we are interested in the number ...
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List of first-order theories

In mathematical logic, a first-order theory is given by a set of axioms in somelanguage. This entry lists some of the more common examples used in model theory and some of their properties.
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