Cicero`s Tusculan Disputations
... that our ancestors have, beyond all dispute, formed on better customs and laws. What shall I say of our military affairs; in which our ancestors have been most eminent in valour, and still more so [9] in discipline? As to those things which are attained not by study, but nature, neither Greece, nor ...
... that our ancestors have, beyond all dispute, formed on better customs and laws. What shall I say of our military affairs; in which our ancestors have been most eminent in valour, and still more so [9] in discipline? As to those things which are attained not by study, but nature, neither Greece, nor ...
dubos and hume on the paradox of tragedy
... health and avert us from what is bad for our health. This is not to say, of course, that our feelings of pleasure (or of displeasure) are altogether reliable indicators of what is good (or bad) for our health, nor is it to suggest that such feelings reveal what is good (or bad) for us, all things co ...
... health and avert us from what is bad for our health. This is not to say, of course, that our feelings of pleasure (or of displeasure) are altogether reliable indicators of what is good (or bad) for our health, nor is it to suggest that such feelings reveal what is good (or bad) for us, all things co ...
Hope and Moral Motivation in Leibniz
... collection of substances in a perfect pre-established harmony. At all times the monads are undergoing a dynamic change. Furthermore, he thought (although his opinions on the topic varied at different times1) that the world as a whole could increase in perfection. Given this dynamic essence of the be ...
... collection of substances in a perfect pre-established harmony. At all times the monads are undergoing a dynamic change. Furthermore, he thought (although his opinions on the topic varied at different times1) that the world as a whole could increase in perfection. Given this dynamic essence of the be ...
The History of the Free Will Problem
... about gods controlling the human will into arguments about preexisting causal laws controlling it. The cosmological problem became a psychological problem. Some saw a causal chain of events leading back to a first cause (later taken by many religious thinkers to be God). Other physiologoi held that ...
... about gods controlling the human will into arguments about preexisting causal laws controlling it. The cosmological problem became a psychological problem. Some saw a causal chain of events leading back to a first cause (later taken by many religious thinkers to be God). Other physiologoi held that ...
Utilitarianism-R-Warren-041014
... actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure’. ...
... actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure’. ...
Summa Theologicae
... - Augustine: “that which constitutes the life of happiness is to be loved for its own sake” > Happiness does not exist for the sake of man alone, but for the sake of God; as a result happiness is not simply a good of the soul > If happiness consists only for the soul, then it is not attainable for t ...
... - Augustine: “that which constitutes the life of happiness is to be loved for its own sake” > Happiness does not exist for the sake of man alone, but for the sake of God; as a result happiness is not simply a good of the soul > If happiness consists only for the soul, then it is not attainable for t ...
Utilitarianism
... of conduct (moral principles). A rule like promise-keeping is established by looking at the consequences of a world in which people broke promises at will and a world in which promises were binding. Right and wrong are then defined as following or breaking those rules. • Some criticisms of this posi ...
... of conduct (moral principles). A rule like promise-keeping is established by looking at the consequences of a world in which people broke promises at will and a world in which promises were binding. Right and wrong are then defined as following or breaking those rules. • Some criticisms of this posi ...
PHIL105 2011-The Good Life
... of ultimate value for a person • It’s a state (like health is) • Requires life-long effort • Happiness consists in the proper functioning of a person as a ...
... of ultimate value for a person • It’s a state (like health is) • Requires life-long effort • Happiness consists in the proper functioning of a person as a ...
the stoic philosopher - College of Stoic Philosophers
... oolongs; and, finally, the longest oxidation time produces the blacks. Exactly how long is determined by the tea master. I enjoy a good quality green tea, such as the Chinese Long Jing (Dragon Well), one of China's top ten teas. Dragon Well tea is made only from the outermost two or three tender bud ...
... oolongs; and, finally, the longest oxidation time produces the blacks. Exactly how long is determined by the tea master. I enjoy a good quality green tea, such as the Chinese Long Jing (Dragon Well), one of China's top ten teas. Dragon Well tea is made only from the outermost two or three tender bud ...
Mill
... drink and sex—any pleasure that is shared with non-human animals. What about the pleasures of casual nonintellectual conversation, of sports, etc. ? ...
... drink and sex—any pleasure that is shared with non-human animals. What about the pleasures of casual nonintellectual conversation, of sports, etc. ? ...
contents
... the no less naive but unscientific world outlook based on mythology which prevailed at that time. The first materialists did not raise the problem of relationship of being and thinking. To them the soul was one of the forms of matter. The Milesian was under the influence of mythological views of the ...
... the no less naive but unscientific world outlook based on mythology which prevailed at that time. The first materialists did not raise the problem of relationship of being and thinking. To them the soul was one of the forms of matter. The Milesian was under the influence of mythological views of the ...
Happiness: Unit 7
... Its major points: “pain is inevitable and there is no sense trying to avoid it; happiness in not to be measured in terms of how much pain we manage to avoid, but how we respond to anything that happens.” Stoicism is rooted in reason (the ability to see things as they really are.) ...
... Its major points: “pain is inevitable and there is no sense trying to avoid it; happiness in not to be measured in terms of how much pain we manage to avoid, but how we respond to anything that happens.” Stoicism is rooted in reason (the ability to see things as they really are.) ...
Full Text
... true for all, at all times, and in all places. Plato’s basic claim that clearly portrays the Socratic method of linking knowing with doing is: “If one knows the nature of the good life, then one will naturally act in such a way to try to achieve it.” However, we notice that his claim is stated condi ...
... true for all, at all times, and in all places. Plato’s basic claim that clearly portrays the Socratic method of linking knowing with doing is: “If one knows the nature of the good life, then one will naturally act in such a way to try to achieve it.” However, we notice that his claim is stated condi ...
Theme 3
... problems of communication, teaching public speaking and political activities, as well as specific scientific and philosophical knowledge. Some sophists taught the techniques and forms of belief and evidence, regardless of the question of truth. Make a point, and even resorted to absurd passages of t ...
... problems of communication, teaching public speaking and political activities, as well as specific scientific and philosophical knowledge. Some sophists taught the techniques and forms of belief and evidence, regardless of the question of truth. Make a point, and even resorted to absurd passages of t ...
John Stuart Mill
... little progress which has been made in the decision of the controversy respecting the criterion of right and wrong.” “...the question concerning the summum bonum, ... the foundation of morality, has been accounted the main problem in speculative thought” ... for more than two thousand years... witho ...
... little progress which has been made in the decision of the controversy respecting the criterion of right and wrong.” “...the question concerning the summum bonum, ... the foundation of morality, has been accounted the main problem in speculative thought” ... for more than two thousand years... witho ...
File - Philosophy For Life
... value or norm (idea of goodness which will come from it) derived? • Application: How easy is the theory to apply to real world situations? • Realism: How realistic is the theory in its view of human nature? • Motivation: How does this theory answer the question: why should I be moral? Acronym D(/C). ...
... value or norm (idea of goodness which will come from it) derived? • Application: How easy is the theory to apply to real world situations? • Realism: How realistic is the theory in its view of human nature? • Motivation: How does this theory answer the question: why should I be moral? Acronym D(/C). ...
Epicureanism
Epicureanism is a system of philosophy based upon the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus, founded around 307 BCE. Epicurus was an atomic materialist, following in the steps of Democritus. His materialism led him to a general attack on superstition and divine intervention. Following Aristippus—about whom very little is known—Epicurus believed that what he called ""pleasure"" is the greatest good, but the way to attain such pleasure is to live modestly and to gain knowledge of the workings of the world and the limits of one's desires. This led one to attain a state of tranquility (ataraxia) and freedom from fear, as well as absence of bodily pain (aponia). The combination of these two states is supposed to constitute happiness in its highest form. Although Epicureanism is a form of hedonism, insofar as it declares pleasure to be the sole intrinsic good, its conception of absence of pain as the greatest pleasure and its advocacy of a simple life makes it different from ""hedonism"" as it is commonly understood.Epicureanism was originally a challenge to Platonism, though later it became the main opponent of Stoicism. Epicurus and his followers shunned politics. After the death of Epicurus, his school was headed by Hermarchus; later many Epicurean societies flourished in the Late Hellenistic era and during the Roman era (such as those in Antiochia, Alexandria, Rhodes, and Ercolano). Its best-known Roman proponent was the poet Lucretius. By the end of the Roman Empire, being opposed by philosophies (mainly Neo-Platonism) that were now in the ascendance, Epicureanism had all but died out, and would be resurrected in the 17th century by the atomist Pierre Gassendi, who adapted it to the Christian doctrine.Some writings by Epicurus have survived. Some scholars consider the epic poem On the Nature of Things by Lucretius to present in one unified work the core arguments and theories of Epicureanism. Many of the papyrus scrolls unearthed at the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum are Epicurean texts. At least some are thought to have belonged to the Epicurean Philodemus.