Past and present natural methane seepage on the northern
... gas in the Earth's atmosphere (Lashof and Ahuja, 1990; Makogon et al., 2007). From an energy source point of view, it is estimated that actually 53% of all fossil fuel, including coal, oil and natural gas, is stored in the form of methane hydrate in the sub seabed and beneath arctic permafrost (Lee ...
... gas in the Earth's atmosphere (Lashof and Ahuja, 1990; Makogon et al., 2007). From an energy source point of view, it is estimated that actually 53% of all fossil fuel, including coal, oil and natural gas, is stored in the form of methane hydrate in the sub seabed and beneath arctic permafrost (Lee ...
Microzooplankton Community Structure and Grazing Impact Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
... marine food web. I determined distributions of major microzooplankton taxa in January 2010 and 2011 within the top 100 m of the water column, along both north-south and coastal-offshore gradients of the WAP, using microscopy. I found that microzooplankton are potentially adjusting to climate changes ...
... marine food web. I determined distributions of major microzooplankton taxa in January 2010 and 2011 within the top 100 m of the water column, along both north-south and coastal-offshore gradients of the WAP, using microscopy. I found that microzooplankton are potentially adjusting to climate changes ...
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO: annual
... budget and operational structure, but until now, we have not opened the debate on how to solve that problem. We must understand that improved knowledge of the sea and the delivery of more and better ocean and climate services will require changes of the procedures for adoption of the new technologie ...
... budget and operational structure, but until now, we have not opened the debate on how to solve that problem. We must understand that improved knowledge of the sea and the delivery of more and better ocean and climate services will require changes of the procedures for adoption of the new technologie ...
SECOND-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 6 Do Not Cite
... magnitude of change). [6.2.5, 6.3.2, 6.4, 6.5] The oceans currently provide about half of global net primary production (NPP). Environmental controls on NPP include temperature, CO2, nutrient supply and irradiance all of which are projected to be altered (WGI). The direction, magnitude and regional ...
... magnitude of change). [6.2.5, 6.3.2, 6.4, 6.5] The oceans currently provide about half of global net primary production (NPP). Environmental controls on NPP include temperature, CO2, nutrient supply and irradiance all of which are projected to be altered (WGI). The direction, magnitude and regional ...
Chemotrophic Microbial Mats and Their Potential
... 2003; Kalanetra et al., 2005). Large filamentous sulfuroxidizing Thiothrix and ‘‘White Point vacuolate bacteria’’ can resemble marine Beggiatoa and can be found in similar habitats, though they are generally present as forms attached to hard substrates (Howarth et al., 1999; Kalanetra et al., 2004; ...
... 2003; Kalanetra et al., 2005). Large filamentous sulfuroxidizing Thiothrix and ‘‘White Point vacuolate bacteria’’ can resemble marine Beggiatoa and can be found in similar habitats, though they are generally present as forms attached to hard substrates (Howarth et al., 1999; Kalanetra et al., 2004; ...
Coral Reefs and Changing Seawater Carbonate Chemistry
... In the most simplistic context, Earth’s carbon cycle can be configured as four different reservoirs: atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere (Figure 1). Over geologic time, the fluxes of carbon between these reservoirs tend to maintain relative stability in the sizes of the reservoirs. Occa ...
... In the most simplistic context, Earth’s carbon cycle can be configured as four different reservoirs: atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere (Figure 1). Over geologic time, the fluxes of carbon between these reservoirs tend to maintain relative stability in the sizes of the reservoirs. Occa ...
Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in recent sediments along the south
... species of dinoflagellates are known to produce toxins and form harmful algal blooms (HABs). As a consequence of the global increase in HAB events, the study of phytoplankton dynamics, including dinoflagellates and their cysts, has gained in importance. Dinoflagellates are amongst the most unwanted ...
... species of dinoflagellates are known to produce toxins and form harmful algal blooms (HABs). As a consequence of the global increase in HAB events, the study of phytoplankton dynamics, including dinoflagellates and their cysts, has gained in importance. Dinoflagellates are amongst the most unwanted ...
ecology of cold seep sediments
... It is the upward transport of methane (or other hydrocarbons) that provides the ultimate carbon and/or energy source for microorganisms. High sulphide concentrations resulting from high rates of sulphate reduction coupled to anaerobic methane oxidation provide the energy for sulphide oxidizing free- ...
... It is the upward transport of methane (or other hydrocarbons) that provides the ultimate carbon and/or energy source for microorganisms. High sulphide concentrations resulting from high rates of sulphate reduction coupled to anaerobic methane oxidation provide the energy for sulphide oxidizing free- ...
IOC/BSRC Workshop on Black Sea Fluxes, Istanbul, Turkey, 10
... To study temporal fluctuations of temperature and salinity, it may be necessary to install NaleBrown self-recorders with a programme controller. Such a set up would be especially useful in complex marine environments, such as estuaries, where a complex, temporally variable water column structure exi ...
... To study temporal fluctuations of temperature and salinity, it may be necessary to install NaleBrown self-recorders with a programme controller. Such a set up would be especially useful in complex marine environments, such as estuaries, where a complex, temporally variable water column structure exi ...
Fucus at open and complex coastlines in the Baltic Sea
... propagule dispersal (Reed et al. 1988). There are many examples of wave effects on macroalgal communities. Storms may form gaps in macroalgal canopies causing patches of secondary succession (Lubchenco & Menge 1978), or erase whole kelp forests (Seymour et al. 1988). The amount and species compositi ...
... propagule dispersal (Reed et al. 1988). There are many examples of wave effects on macroalgal communities. Storms may form gaps in macroalgal canopies causing patches of secondary succession (Lubchenco & Menge 1978), or erase whole kelp forests (Seymour et al. 1988). The amount and species compositi ...
Elevated CO2 studies: past, present and future
... to control plants during the second season. Similarly, Tissue et al. (1997b) reported that, after four years of exposure to elevated CO2 in open-top chambers, Pinus taeda plants exhibited 90% more biomass than control plants grown at the current ambient CO2 concentration. However, the greater final ...
... to control plants during the second season. Similarly, Tissue et al. (1997b) reported that, after four years of exposure to elevated CO2 in open-top chambers, Pinus taeda plants exhibited 90% more biomass than control plants grown at the current ambient CO2 concentration. However, the greater final ...
Autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial plankton biomass in the NW
... Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
... Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
35. Tectonics and Sedimentation in the Panama Basin
... Figure 6. Distribution of acoustically defined sediment types in the Panama Basin area. See van Andel et al. (1971) for control. Legend: (1) semi transparent deposits; (2) thin transparent layer of the eastern Pacific basin; (3) stratified complex; (4) hemipelagic deposits; (5) limits of eroded port ...
... Figure 6. Distribution of acoustically defined sediment types in the Panama Basin area. See van Andel et al. (1971) for control. Legend: (1) semi transparent deposits; (2) thin transparent layer of the eastern Pacific basin; (3) stratified complex; (4) hemipelagic deposits; (5) limits of eroded port ...
Caribbean Geology - An Introduction
... continual sedimentation almost entirely unrelieved by episodes of erosion. Whereas continental and island areas are being continually subjected to erosive processes which strip off the younger cover and exposes older rocks from which geological deductions can be made, the ocean floor exposes virtual ...
... continual sedimentation almost entirely unrelieved by episodes of erosion. Whereas continental and island areas are being continually subjected to erosive processes which strip off the younger cover and exposes older rocks from which geological deductions can be made, the ocean floor exposes virtual ...
Program Handbook - Australian Marine Sciences Association
... marine science policy in Australia. This Golden Jubilee conference marks the advancement of marine sciences over the decades, and AMSA can take pride in promoting marine sciences in Australia by means of gatherings such as our annual conference. At the Inaugural Meeting of AMSA in Cronulla in May 19 ...
... marine science policy in Australia. This Golden Jubilee conference marks the advancement of marine sciences over the decades, and AMSA can take pride in promoting marine sciences in Australia by means of gatherings such as our annual conference. At the Inaugural Meeting of AMSA in Cronulla in May 19 ...
nutrients in ,t,h great .barrier reef region ei
... River discharge and the Low Isles environment by analysing coral cores. Nitrogen'appears to be the nutrient limiting phytoplankton biomass in pelagic shelf waters. The total 11-year, monthly mean flows from all major rivers from the Barron to the Burdekin were summed in Mitchell's studies, estimatin ...
... River discharge and the Low Isles environment by analysing coral cores. Nitrogen'appears to be the nutrient limiting phytoplankton biomass in pelagic shelf waters. The total 11-year, monthly mean flows from all major rivers from the Barron to the Burdekin were summed in Mitchell's studies, estimatin ...
1994 arctic ocean section - CCHDO - University of California San
... Traditionally both Canada and the United States have relied on aircraft and drifting ice camps in supporting scientific work in the Arctic Ocean. Early examples include the so-called Ski Jump project in 1951–1952 and the ice stations Alpha and Bravo in 1957. These efforts have been particularly succ ...
... Traditionally both Canada and the United States have relied on aircraft and drifting ice camps in supporting scientific work in the Arctic Ocean. Early examples include the so-called Ski Jump project in 1951–1952 and the ice stations Alpha and Bravo in 1957. These efforts have been particularly succ ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 6 Subject to Final Copyedit 1
... Climate change alters physical, chemical, and biological properties of the ocean (very high confidence). Oceanic drivers include salinity, circulation, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nutrients, and light. These drivers shape the physiological performance of individual cells and orga ...
... Climate change alters physical, chemical, and biological properties of the ocean (very high confidence). Oceanic drivers include salinity, circulation, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nutrients, and light. These drivers shape the physiological performance of individual cells and orga ...
Presence of Prochlorococcus in the aphotic waters
... Abstract. Prochlorococcus, the smallest but most abundant marine primary producer, plays an important role in carbon cycling of the global ocean. As a phototroph, Prochlorococcus is thought to be confined to the euphotic zone, with commonly observed maximum depths of ∼ 150–200 m, but here we show fo ...
... Abstract. Prochlorococcus, the smallest but most abundant marine primary producer, plays an important role in carbon cycling of the global ocean. As a phototroph, Prochlorococcus is thought to be confined to the euphotic zone, with commonly observed maximum depths of ∼ 150–200 m, but here we show fo ...
Illuminating Earth`s Past, Present and Future
... society’s most pressing questions—how will climate, the ocean, and ice sheets respond to ongoing increases in greenhouse gases? Even at the decadal scale, climate trends are difficult to predict. If, as some say, humanity is conducting an “experiment” on Earth’s climate system, it is not widely appr ...
... society’s most pressing questions—how will climate, the ocean, and ice sheets respond to ongoing increases in greenhouse gases? Even at the decadal scale, climate trends are difficult to predict. If, as some say, humanity is conducting an “experiment” on Earth’s climate system, it is not widely appr ...
illuminating earth`s
... society’s most pressing questions—how will climate, the ocean, and ice sheets respond to ongoing increases in greenhouse gases? Even at the decadal scale, climate trends are difficult to predict. If, as some say, humanity is conducting an “experiment” on Earth’s climate system, it is not widely appr ...
... society’s most pressing questions—how will climate, the ocean, and ice sheets respond to ongoing increases in greenhouse gases? Even at the decadal scale, climate trends are difficult to predict. If, as some say, humanity is conducting an “experiment” on Earth’s climate system, it is not widely appr ...
the microbial loop - UMass Boston OpenCourseWare
... 121-580 fg C ìm-3 have been used in the literature (Riemann & Bell 1990), with 350-580 fg C ìm-3 being used in recent studies. b. Calculate microbial carbon production using: using: ...
... 121-580 fg C ìm-3 have been used in the literature (Riemann & Bell 1990), with 350-580 fg C ìm-3 being used in recent studies. b. Calculate microbial carbon production using: using: ...
Mangrove wetlands
... wetlands endure twice-daily high tides that vary in amplitude from 1–2m in the south and north to over 7m in parts of central Queensland such as Broad Sound. On the Gulf of Carpentaria coast, high tide occurs only once each day (the cycle is about 25 hours), generally reaching up to 2–4m in height. ...
... wetlands endure twice-daily high tides that vary in amplitude from 1–2m in the south and north to over 7m in parts of central Queensland such as Broad Sound. On the Gulf of Carpentaria coast, high tide occurs only once each day (the cycle is about 25 hours), generally reaching up to 2–4m in height. ...
Quantifying the degradation of organic matter in marine
... element cycles and climate change. Because organic matter degradation is the engine behind benthic dynamics, deciphering the impact that various forces have on this process is central to determining the evolution of the Earth system. Therefore, recent developments in the quantitative modeling of org ...
... element cycles and climate change. Because organic matter degradation is the engine behind benthic dynamics, deciphering the impact that various forces have on this process is central to determining the evolution of the Earth system. Therefore, recent developments in the quantitative modeling of org ...
Global sediment core-top calibration of the TEX86
... This equation allowed the conversion of the TEX86 values obtained into SSTs (see Schouten et al., 2002 for details). This initial calibration study has been followed by other studies which investigated the validity of TEX86 as an SST proxy. Mesocosm experiments confirmed that marine Crenarchaeota ch ...
... This equation allowed the conversion of the TEX86 values obtained into SSTs (see Schouten et al., 2002 for details). This initial calibration study has been followed by other studies which investigated the validity of TEX86 as an SST proxy. Mesocosm experiments confirmed that marine Crenarchaeota ch ...