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... by 50 per cent because there is no progress on bank restructuring, the national income of Indonesia will reduce by 0.33 per cent. Reducing the efficiency of capital in banking sector cause the investment increase, however, the productivity of capital decrease. It can be seen from a decrease of avera ...
... by 50 per cent because there is no progress on bank restructuring, the national income of Indonesia will reduce by 0.33 per cent. Reducing the efficiency of capital in banking sector cause the investment increase, however, the productivity of capital decrease. It can be seen from a decrease of avera ...
FISCAL POLICY IN THE IS
... financial markets. Then we are able to look at the effects of fiscal policy in the short and medium run. We will see that in the medium run changes in fiscal policy have no effect on output and are simply reflected in a different composition of spending. b) Wage determination in the labour market Pr ...
... financial markets. Then we are able to look at the effects of fiscal policy in the short and medium run. We will see that in the medium run changes in fiscal policy have no effect on output and are simply reflected in a different composition of spending. b) Wage determination in the labour market Pr ...
A Review of Philippine Monetary Policy Towards An Alternative Monetary... Joseph Lim 3-D 12
... balance of payments deteriorated and inflation increased. Monetary targets were based on targets on the monetary base and achieved through: a) high required reserve ratio; b) high policy rates of the Central Bank; and c) open market sale of Central Bank bills and government securities in order to re ...
... balance of payments deteriorated and inflation increased. Monetary targets were based on targets on the monetary base and achieved through: a) high required reserve ratio; b) high policy rates of the Central Bank; and c) open market sale of Central Bank bills and government securities in order to re ...
The Relative Impact of Bank Credit on Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria
... Following a similar line, Aliero et al. (2013) focusing on private sector credit used autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to analyze the relationship between private sector credit (credit to the manufacturing sector inclusive) and economic growth in Nigeria. Using time series data for the pe ...
... Following a similar line, Aliero et al. (2013) focusing on private sector credit used autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to analyze the relationship between private sector credit (credit to the manufacturing sector inclusive) and economic growth in Nigeria. Using time series data for the pe ...
Principles of Economics
... that once the rate fell to 2%, everyone expects it to rise in the near future. ► Then it could not fall to 1% even though the supply of loanable funds curve shows that some lenders would be willing to lend at 1%. Because lenders speculate on the rate of interest, at 2% the supply of loanable funds w ...
... that once the rate fell to 2%, everyone expects it to rise in the near future. ► Then it could not fall to 1% even though the supply of loanable funds curve shows that some lenders would be willing to lend at 1%. Because lenders speculate on the rate of interest, at 2% the supply of loanable funds w ...
Principles of Economics
... that once the rate fell to 2%, everyone expects it to rise in the near future. ► Then it could not fall to 1% even though the supply of loanable funds curve shows that some lenders would be willing to lend at 1%. Because lenders speculate on the rate of interest, at 2% the supply of loanable funds w ...
... that once the rate fell to 2%, everyone expects it to rise in the near future. ► Then it could not fall to 1% even though the supply of loanable funds curve shows that some lenders would be willing to lend at 1%. Because lenders speculate on the rate of interest, at 2% the supply of loanable funds w ...
Working Paper - Hans-Böckler
... supplying asset holders (as a substitute for commercial banks). The sector of firms is therefore considered as fairly tranquil and not subject to volatile investment behavior. There is in particular no debt financing of investment. Instead it is assumed throughout the paper that asset holders direct ...
... supplying asset holders (as a substitute for commercial banks). The sector of firms is therefore considered as fairly tranquil and not subject to volatile investment behavior. There is in particular no debt financing of investment. Instead it is assumed throughout the paper that asset holders direct ...
A two-period closed economy with sticky prices
... natural level, Q1 Q1n , determined by the supply side of the economy. The key feature of the model with flexible prices is that the interest rate (price of current output) adjusts instantaneously to ensure that aggregate demand equals the existing aggregate supply (note that changes in the real in ...
... natural level, Q1 Q1n , determined by the supply side of the economy. The key feature of the model with flexible prices is that the interest rate (price of current output) adjusts instantaneously to ensure that aggregate demand equals the existing aggregate supply (note that changes in the real in ...
WHY THE FISCAL MULTIPLIER IS ROUGHLY ZERO*
... remained sluggish. More recently, a shift towards fiscal austerity does not seem to have noticeably slowed the rate of economic growth.1 This seems to go against the textbook Keynesian model, which says fiscal stimulus has a multiplier effect on GDP; however, we shouldn’t be surprised that fiscal po ...
... remained sluggish. More recently, a shift towards fiscal austerity does not seem to have noticeably slowed the rate of economic growth.1 This seems to go against the textbook Keynesian model, which says fiscal stimulus has a multiplier effect on GDP; however, we shouldn’t be surprised that fiscal po ...
Mankiw SM Chap10 correct size:chap10.qxd.qxd
... Thus, the government-purchases multiplier becomes 1/(1 – (1 – t)MPC) rather than 1/(1 – MPC). This means a much smaller multiplier. For example, if the marginal propensity to consume MPC is 3/4 and the tax rate t is 1/3, then the multiplier falls from 1/(1 – 3/4), or 4, to 1/(1 – (1 – 1/3)(3/4)), or ...
... Thus, the government-purchases multiplier becomes 1/(1 – (1 – t)MPC) rather than 1/(1 – MPC). This means a much smaller multiplier. For example, if the marginal propensity to consume MPC is 3/4 and the tax rate t is 1/3, then the multiplier falls from 1/(1 – 3/4), or 4, to 1/(1 – (1 – 1/3)(3/4)), or ...
Impact of exchange rate, inflation rate and interest rate on balance of
... currency value. If the capital account goes into surplus it creates a huge affect on the BOP of a country [1]. The economic crisis in the country can cause a huge affect on the BOP. The regulatory bodies of the countries applied many test to solve this problem [2]. The natural resources of a home co ...
... currency value. If the capital account goes into surplus it creates a huge affect on the BOP of a country [1]. The economic crisis in the country can cause a huge affect on the BOP. The regulatory bodies of the countries applied many test to solve this problem [2]. The natural resources of a home co ...
Discretionary Fiscal Policy as a Stabilization Policy Tool
... and assets. This is manifestly impossible in equilibrium. Therefore money issuance must ultimately raise the price level, even if nominal interest rates are bounded at zero. This is an elementary argument… quite corrosive of claims of monetary impotence…. [A] target in the 3-4% range for inflation…. ...
... and assets. This is manifestly impossible in equilibrium. Therefore money issuance must ultimately raise the price level, even if nominal interest rates are bounded at zero. This is an elementary argument… quite corrosive of claims of monetary impotence…. [A] target in the 3-4% range for inflation…. ...
Slides
... Rise in Household-Business Confidence\StockReal Estate Market Booms\Expansionary Fiscal policy The AD Curve Shifts Out ...
... Rise in Household-Business Confidence\StockReal Estate Market Booms\Expansionary Fiscal policy The AD Curve Shifts Out ...
Debt
... because this ratio better measures the government’s ability to handle the deficit and pay off the debt Since 2008, the U.S. has run significant deficits and the debt-toGDP ratio has risen to over 100 percent ...
... because this ratio better measures the government’s ability to handle the deficit and pay off the debt Since 2008, the U.S. has run significant deficits and the debt-toGDP ratio has risen to over 100 percent ...
Growth and economic crises in Turkey leaving behind a turbulent past
... itself on the market. Restrained by its ceilings on net domestic assets (part of the quasicurrency-board rules), the Central Bank refused to lend to Demirbank, forcing it to sell part of its government securities portfolio and triggering a significant increase in secondary market interest rates and ...
... itself on the market. Restrained by its ceilings on net domestic assets (part of the quasicurrency-board rules), the Central Bank refused to lend to Demirbank, forcing it to sell part of its government securities portfolio and triggering a significant increase in secondary market interest rates and ...
Aggregate Demand I: Building the IS
... government spending (G) and/or taxes (T) in order to affect the macroeconomic outcome is called fiscal policy – Spending more (G↑) and/or cutting taxes (T↓) is called expansionary fiscal policy – Spending less (G↓) and/or raising taxes (T↑) is called contractionary fiscal policy ...
... government spending (G) and/or taxes (T) in order to affect the macroeconomic outcome is called fiscal policy – Spending more (G↑) and/or cutting taxes (T↓) is called expansionary fiscal policy – Spending less (G↓) and/or raising taxes (T↑) is called contractionary fiscal policy ...
US monetary and fiscal policy in the 1930s
... two effective tools for influencing the money supply: open-market operations and the discount rate at which the Fed allowed member banks to borrow (or discount bills to the Fed) to meet reserve requirements. The open-market operations involved the purchase or sale of existing bonds. Reductions in th ...
... two effective tools for influencing the money supply: open-market operations and the discount rate at which the Fed allowed member banks to borrow (or discount bills to the Fed) to meet reserve requirements. The open-market operations involved the purchase or sale of existing bonds. Reductions in th ...
Paul De Grauwe 11 May 2010, VOX.EU
... refuse collateral presented by banks in the Eurozone, and one can see that all the elements are in place to transform a local crisis into a crisis for the system as a whole. ...
... refuse collateral presented by banks in the Eurozone, and one can see that all the elements are in place to transform a local crisis into a crisis for the system as a whole. ...
![Pervez Tahir[*] - Lahore School of Economics](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009924122_1-d09aca9819b3472ec0d659420e14bd7f-300x300.png)
Pervez Tahir[*] - Lahore School of Economics
... structural adjustment, deregulation, liberalisation, privatisation and a ...
... structural adjustment, deregulation, liberalisation, privatisation and a ...
Financial Cycle, Financial Stability and Monetary Policy
... previous two decades, central banks focused on achieving price stability, i.e. low and stable inflation, as their primary objective. • In most countries, price stability was achieved quickly – in advanced countries by the early 1990s and in emerging and developing ones in the second half of the 1990 ...
... previous two decades, central banks focused on achieving price stability, i.e. low and stable inflation, as their primary objective. • In most countries, price stability was achieved quickly – in advanced countries by the early 1990s and in emerging and developing ones in the second half of the 1990 ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DEBT PROBLEMS AND MACROECONOMIC POLICIES Lawrence H. Summers
... sectoral composition of output. It is not primarily the result of excessive financial leverage. If policies restricting growth in non-financial debt had been in place over the last five years, they would have exacerbated the costs of disinflation. The second part of the paper examines the relationsh ...
... sectoral composition of output. It is not primarily the result of excessive financial leverage. If policies restricting growth in non-financial debt had been in place over the last five years, they would have exacerbated the costs of disinflation. The second part of the paper examines the relationsh ...
