NBK Kuwait
... supported by stronger credit conditions. (Chart 21.) Private sector credit accounts for the majority of all bank assets. The rise in foreign assets – which had been a driving force behind bank balance sheet expansion since 2011 – abated in 1H 2013. This could suggest that banks were utilizing funds ...
... supported by stronger credit conditions. (Chart 21.) Private sector credit accounts for the majority of all bank assets. The rise in foreign assets – which had been a driving force behind bank balance sheet expansion since 2011 – abated in 1H 2013. This could suggest that banks were utilizing funds ...
Pay settlements and average earnings outline
... Before public sector average earnings growth dropped well below the private sector rate in 2013, average earnings were often used as a basis to argue that the public sector continues to see improvements in pay that are not matched by the private sector and particularly as a basis for attacking pay p ...
... Before public sector average earnings growth dropped well below the private sector rate in 2013, average earnings were often used as a basis to argue that the public sector continues to see improvements in pay that are not matched by the private sector and particularly as a basis for attacking pay p ...
Diapositive 1
... downward fiscal adjustments, not to speak of the 3% deficit rule. • The ECB and the national central banks normally do not purchase government securities, and they certainly never do it directly. Thus, unless households or their banks decide to hold a greater proportion of securities issued by fisca ...
... downward fiscal adjustments, not to speak of the 3% deficit rule. • The ECB and the national central banks normally do not purchase government securities, and they certainly never do it directly. Thus, unless households or their banks decide to hold a greater proportion of securities issued by fisca ...
Unexpected Inflation and Redistribution of Wealth
... and Terajima (2008).3 The article proceeds as follows. The first section documents nominal assets and liabilities (i.e., financial assets and liabilities that are denominated in Canadian dollars and not fully indexed to inflation) held by different economic sectors and ...
... and Terajima (2008).3 The article proceeds as follows. The first section documents nominal assets and liabilities (i.e., financial assets and liabilities that are denominated in Canadian dollars and not fully indexed to inflation) held by different economic sectors and ...
Budget Reform and Medium Term Fiscal Policy
... investment in the economy, both domestically and from abroad, to create more jobs and a higher standard of living. Fiscal policy also seeks to create a climate conducive to increased domestic saving, to limit the extent to which South Africa is dependent on foreign savings and investment. ...
... investment in the economy, both domestically and from abroad, to create more jobs and a higher standard of living. Fiscal policy also seeks to create a climate conducive to increased domestic saving, to limit the extent to which South Africa is dependent on foreign savings and investment. ...
! " Revealing Turkey’s Public Debt Burden: A Transparent Payments Approach
... describe the sustainability of debt. Investors at any point in time, among other factors, consider total obligations of the government in deciding the risk premium that they determine. But in some cases as Bulow and Rogoff (1989) suggests, a debtor who is in difficulty can negotiate to fulfill the i ...
... describe the sustainability of debt. Investors at any point in time, among other factors, consider total obligations of the government in deciding the risk premium that they determine. But in some cases as Bulow and Rogoff (1989) suggests, a debtor who is in difficulty can negotiate to fulfill the i ...
Chapter 4: Money and Inflation
... In the quantity theory of money, the demand for real money balances depends only on real income Y. Another determinant of money demand: the nominal interest rate, i. It is the opportunity cost of holding money (instead of bonds or other interest-earning assets). Hence, ↑i ⇒ ↓ in money demand. ...
... In the quantity theory of money, the demand for real money balances depends only on real income Y. Another determinant of money demand: the nominal interest rate, i. It is the opportunity cost of holding money (instead of bonds or other interest-earning assets). Hence, ↑i ⇒ ↓ in money demand. ...
No.253 / June 2008 Exposure in External Balance Sheets
... and a short position in the foreign-currency bond.) In the case where only nominal bonds are traded, the authors show that a monetary policy of strict price stability eliminates the in‡uence of monetary shocks on bond returns and hence allows bond portfolios to fully deliver risk sharing (whether pr ...
... and a short position in the foreign-currency bond.) In the case where only nominal bonds are traded, the authors show that a monetary policy of strict price stability eliminates the in‡uence of monetary shocks on bond returns and hence allows bond portfolios to fully deliver risk sharing (whether pr ...
Articles The Triumph of Monetarism?
... But these strands of Classic Monetarism were not the whole. There were two other strands as well. The first such strand has not fared very well. It is best seen as an attempt to eliminate the sources of macroeconomic instability identified by Old Chicago Monetarism. The worry that control of the mon ...
... But these strands of Classic Monetarism were not the whole. There were two other strands as well. The first such strand has not fared very well. It is best seen as an attempt to eliminate the sources of macroeconomic instability identified by Old Chicago Monetarism. The worry that control of the mon ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY RULES FOR SMALL, OPEN, EMERGING ECONOMIES Douglas Laxton
... attention to its ability to simulate realistic dynamic responses of relevant macroeconomic variables to a variety of shocks. Specifically, we show that the model is able to replicate closely the empirical properties of the monetary transmission mechanism, as estimated by central banks using institut ...
... attention to its ability to simulate realistic dynamic responses of relevant macroeconomic variables to a variety of shocks. Specifically, we show that the model is able to replicate closely the empirical properties of the monetary transmission mechanism, as estimated by central banks using institut ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SWISS EXCHANGE RATE POLICY IN THE 1930S.
... The initial response to the Great Depression varied greatly across countries. Switzerland, like some of the gold bloc countries (notably France), was affected later and less than others. To some extent, the relative favorable conditions in 1930 and 1931 reflected the impetus from strong capital inf ...
... The initial response to the Great Depression varied greatly across countries. Switzerland, like some of the gold bloc countries (notably France), was affected later and less than others. To some extent, the relative favorable conditions in 1930 and 1931 reflected the impetus from strong capital inf ...
1) The objectives of the Federal Reserve in its conduct of monetary
... (b) Monetary base (c) Federal funds interest rate (d) Discount rate ...
... (b) Monetary base (c) Federal funds interest rate (d) Discount rate ...
Current Account
... 32. If the exchange rate is currently E3, the dollar will: a. appreciate as the market moves towards equilibrium. b. depreciate as the market moves towards equilibrium. c. be more valuable as the market moves towards equilibrium. d. will remain unchanged in value as the market moves towards equilibr ...
... 32. If the exchange rate is currently E3, the dollar will: a. appreciate as the market moves towards equilibrium. b. depreciate as the market moves towards equilibrium. c. be more valuable as the market moves towards equilibrium. d. will remain unchanged in value as the market moves towards equilibr ...
Arne Heise - WiSo-Fakultät
... the refutation needed to be rigorous. Before we start scrutinizing the arguments put forward in that debate, let us first take a closer look at the meaning and derivation of Walras’ law. Leon Walras’ intention was to show (or, rather, to prove mathematically) that there may exist a system of relativ ...
... the refutation needed to be rigorous. Before we start scrutinizing the arguments put forward in that debate, let us first take a closer look at the meaning and derivation of Walras’ law. Leon Walras’ intention was to show (or, rather, to prove mathematically) that there may exist a system of relativ ...
THE DEMAND FOR MONEY
... Money is the medium of exchange and the final payment in most transactions involves the transfer of money. But this alone is not enough to generate a demand for money. To see why, suppose that there are two assets in the economy: bonds that pay risk free interest and money that bears no interest, bu ...
... Money is the medium of exchange and the final payment in most transactions involves the transfer of money. But this alone is not enough to generate a demand for money. To see why, suppose that there are two assets in the economy: bonds that pay risk free interest and money that bears no interest, bu ...
Review Questions - Leon County Schools
... opportunity cost of producing one more unit of one good in terms of the amount of the other good that must be given up. The law of comparative advantage shows how everyone can gain through trade by specializing in producing the good or service with the lowest opportunity cost. In a market system, re ...
... opportunity cost of producing one more unit of one good in terms of the amount of the other good that must be given up. The law of comparative advantage shows how everyone can gain through trade by specializing in producing the good or service with the lowest opportunity cost. In a market system, re ...
The Growth of Multinational Banking, the Eur.,..currency Market and
... Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Several Annual Reports. Includes all commercial and merchant banks accepting foreign currency deposits in eight European countries. (Benelux, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the l/,nited Kingdom). A problem of this series is its ...
... Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Several Annual Reports. Includes all commercial and merchant banks accepting foreign currency deposits in eight European countries. (Benelux, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the l/,nited Kingdom). A problem of this series is its ...
Macroprudential Policies as Buffer Against Volatile Cross-border Capital Flows Ahmet Faruk AYSAN
... yield coupled with the resulting exchange rate uncertainty might then discourage short-term portfolio investment (e.g. carry trade flows). In sum, reducing the lower limit during surges in capital flows and increasing the upper limit during capital outflow periods would counteract against the volati ...
... yield coupled with the resulting exchange rate uncertainty might then discourage short-term portfolio investment (e.g. carry trade flows). In sum, reducing the lower limit during surges in capital flows and increasing the upper limit during capital outflow periods would counteract against the volati ...
The role of fiscal policy in EMU: a simulation with EUROMON
... distorting individuals’ behaviour. Moreover, a high government debt may alter the political process and make an economy more vulnerable to a crisis of international confidence. Lastly, the beneficial short-run effects of a budget deficit on consumption and saving constitute a poor guide to the long- ...
... distorting individuals’ behaviour. Moreover, a high government debt may alter the political process and make an economy more vulnerable to a crisis of international confidence. Lastly, the beneficial short-run effects of a budget deficit on consumption and saving constitute a poor guide to the long- ...
Monetary Policy
... The Effect of Changes in the Discount Rate and in Reserve Requirements Changes in the Discount Rate Since 2003, the Fed has kept the discount rate higher than the target for the federal funds rate. This makes the discount rate a penalty rate, which means that banks pay a penalty by borrowing from t ...
... The Effect of Changes in the Discount Rate and in Reserve Requirements Changes in the Discount Rate Since 2003, the Fed has kept the discount rate higher than the target for the federal funds rate. This makes the discount rate a penalty rate, which means that banks pay a penalty by borrowing from t ...
The National Debt Tops $19 Trillion - 106% Of GDP
... Treasuries have to know that our national debt is the highest in the history of any country in the world. Likewise, they have to know that our annual budget deficits, which have declined from over $1 trillion in 2009-2012 to $439 billion in FY2015 are on-track to go back above $1 trillion a year in ...
... Treasuries have to know that our national debt is the highest in the history of any country in the world. Likewise, they have to know that our annual budget deficits, which have declined from over $1 trillion in 2009-2012 to $439 billion in FY2015 are on-track to go back above $1 trillion a year in ...
fiscal theory of price level: a panel data analysis for selected saarc
... Emerging economies are growing unhurriedly and in the position of below the trend growth rates. Most of the South Asian countries are facing high inflation due to demand pull factors which induces to balance of payments pressure, fiscal imbalances and reduction in Forex reserves. Except Bangladesh a ...
... Emerging economies are growing unhurriedly and in the position of below the trend growth rates. Most of the South Asian countries are facing high inflation due to demand pull factors which induces to balance of payments pressure, fiscal imbalances and reduction in Forex reserves. Except Bangladesh a ...
An Evaluation Of The Relationship Between Budget Deficits And
... in the economies whose national capital markets and domestic borrowing opportunities are limited. In this context, as a result of closing the public deficits through external borrowing in a national economy, it is stated that current account deficits will increase in this economy. Thus, in certain c ...
... in the economies whose national capital markets and domestic borrowing opportunities are limited. In this context, as a result of closing the public deficits through external borrowing in a national economy, it is stated that current account deficits will increase in this economy. Thus, in certain c ...