Inflation and the business cycle
... • Deflators (GDP deflator, Consumption Expenditure Deflator) ...
... • Deflators (GDP deflator, Consumption Expenditure Deflator) ...
Inflation and the Role of Macroeconomic Policy in Ethiopia
... macro-economic environment. In this process, monetary policy plays a central role. For instance, during economic recession where output falls with a fall in aggregate demand, monetary policy aims at increasing demand and hence production as well as employment will follow the same pattern of demand. ...
... macro-economic environment. In this process, monetary policy plays a central role. For instance, during economic recession where output falls with a fall in aggregate demand, monetary policy aims at increasing demand and hence production as well as employment will follow the same pattern of demand. ...
ceylon mudenda: ud3426bec
... When there is a budget deficit, it means that money has to be found from somewhere in order to meet the short fall. However, despite the associated consequences of having a budget deficit, some scholars have seen the budget deficit as a necessary requirement in certain circumstances. Clayton, E.G. ( ...
... When there is a budget deficit, it means that money has to be found from somewhere in order to meet the short fall. However, despite the associated consequences of having a budget deficit, some scholars have seen the budget deficit as a necessary requirement in certain circumstances. Clayton, E.G. ( ...
THE COLOMBIAN ECONOMY IN THE NINETIES: CAPITAL FLOWS
... 1999, in an abrupt and dramatic way, when both foreign and domestic lenders realized that private debt had gone much farther than the capacity to pay. Both the rapid process of fiscal deterioration and the excess of private expenditure over disposable income were greatly facilitated by huge foreign ...
... 1999, in an abrupt and dramatic way, when both foreign and domestic lenders realized that private debt had gone much farther than the capacity to pay. Both the rapid process of fiscal deterioration and the excess of private expenditure over disposable income were greatly facilitated by huge foreign ...
FROM STANDARD TO David I. Fand A RANDOM-WALK MONETARY
... unspecified, and the monetary officials who will be in charge when the time comes will either accelerate or decelerate as they see fit. The only rule governing this process is that, at each point in time, those who are responsible for monetary policy choose the convenient and expedient thing to do. ...
... unspecified, and the monetary officials who will be in charge when the time comes will either accelerate or decelerate as they see fit. The only rule governing this process is that, at each point in time, those who are responsible for monetary policy choose the convenient and expedient thing to do. ...
Policy Biases when the Monetary and Fiscal Authorities
... our game-theoretic model, this conclusion would apply only after controlling for other factors affecting the level of primary deficits and domestic real interest rates. We run separate regressions for the primary deficit (as a ratio to GDP) and the real domestic interest rate (more precisely, its de ...
... our game-theoretic model, this conclusion would apply only after controlling for other factors affecting the level of primary deficits and domestic real interest rates. We run separate regressions for the primary deficit (as a ratio to GDP) and the real domestic interest rate (more precisely, its de ...
Chapter 8. The Natural Rate of Unemployment and the Phillips Curve
... to employ a graphical approach. Instructors could show the downward-sloping Phillips curve and explain that increases in expected inflation and oil prices both shift the Phillips curve to the right. Moreover, the natural rate of unemployment intersects the Phillips curve where actual inflation equal ...
... to employ a graphical approach. Instructors could show the downward-sloping Phillips curve and explain that increases in expected inflation and oil prices both shift the Phillips curve to the right. Moreover, the natural rate of unemployment intersects the Phillips curve where actual inflation equal ...
DISCRETIONARY POLICY INTERACTIONS AND THE
... US. Among the few papers using the SVAR methodology and dealing with other countries we can cite two that are directly related to our work. The first, by Biau and Girard (forthcoming), replicates Blanchard and Perotti with French data. 8 The conclusions are also similar, making the case for Keynesia ...
... US. Among the few papers using the SVAR methodology and dealing with other countries we can cite two that are directly related to our work. The first, by Biau and Girard (forthcoming), replicates Blanchard and Perotti with French data. 8 The conclusions are also similar, making the case for Keynesia ...
The Wizard Test Maker
... (B) Government spending increased. (C) Inflationary expectations decreased. (D) Unemployment is rising. (E) The exchange rate is decreasing. ...
... (B) Government spending increased. (C) Inflationary expectations decreased. (D) Unemployment is rising. (E) The exchange rate is decreasing. ...
Exam Name___________________________________ 1
... A) it is difficult to assess the market value of a transfer payment. B) they are small enough to ignore when computing the national accounts. C) they are not counted as income by any economic agent. D) they do not represent the purchase of a good or a service. E) they do not generate additional inco ...
... A) it is difficult to assess the market value of a transfer payment. B) they are small enough to ignore when computing the national accounts. C) they are not counted as income by any economic agent. D) they do not represent the purchase of a good or a service. E) they do not generate additional inco ...
macroeconomic policy - Faculty of Business and Economics Courses
... idle (unemployed) resources such as labor and physical capital which can be put into production process if necessary. ...
... idle (unemployed) resources such as labor and physical capital which can be put into production process if necessary. ...
The size of the public sector
... EU countries which are also close to the Nordic countries, examples being Hungary and France. Germany has the lowest figure for value-added in the EU; this is at the same level as countries such as Japan and South Korea. Sweden, Denmark and Norway are at the top where it comes to public sector incom ...
... EU countries which are also close to the Nordic countries, examples being Hungary and France. Germany has the lowest figure for value-added in the EU; this is at the same level as countries such as Japan and South Korea. Sweden, Denmark and Norway are at the top where it comes to public sector incom ...
July Massachusetts
... rate and the real GNP gap (defined as potential minus actual real GNP, divided by potential real GNP) are each hypothesized to reduce real expenditures, ...
... rate and the real GNP gap (defined as potential minus actual real GNP, divided by potential real GNP) are each hypothesized to reduce real expenditures, ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Generational Accounting around the World
... framed in a simple certainty model with nondistortionary policies, and then in settings with uncertain policy, distortionary policy, and liquidity constraints. As an alternative to economically arbitrary deficits, the paper indicates that the “fiscal balance rule” is one norm for measuring whether c ...
... framed in a simple certainty model with nondistortionary policies, and then in settings with uncertain policy, distortionary policy, and liquidity constraints. As an alternative to economically arbitrary deficits, the paper indicates that the “fiscal balance rule” is one norm for measuring whether c ...
A Theory of Macroprudential Policies in the Presence of Nominal Rigidities
... To capture this situation we extend the original Eggertsson and Krugman model to include earlier periods before the deleveraging shock, where initial borrowing and savings decisions are made. This captures the credit boom phase, building up debt towards the crisis.Our main result in this context em ...
... To capture this situation we extend the original Eggertsson and Krugman model to include earlier periods before the deleveraging shock, where initial borrowing and savings decisions are made. This captures the credit boom phase, building up debt towards the crisis.Our main result in this context em ...
A Theory of Macroprudential Policies in the Presence of Nominal Rigidities ∗
... To capture this situation we extend the original Eggertsson and Krugman model to include earlier periods before the deleveraging shock, where initial borrowing and savings decisions are made. This captures the credit boom phase, building up debt towards the crisis.Our main result in this context em ...
... To capture this situation we extend the original Eggertsson and Krugman model to include earlier periods before the deleveraging shock, where initial borrowing and savings decisions are made. This captures the credit boom phase, building up debt towards the crisis.Our main result in this context em ...
expectations of inflation
... A major change in monetary policy allowed the Bank of England to be free to pursue its policy goals without direct political control. An economist studied how the British bond market reacted to the policy change by comparing the interest rates changes on two types of long-term bonds: bonds that are ...
... A major change in monetary policy allowed the Bank of England to be free to pursue its policy goals without direct political control. An economist studied how the British bond market reacted to the policy change by comparing the interest rates changes on two types of long-term bonds: bonds that are ...
The Impact of Treasury Supply on Financial Sector Lending and
... linking bank balance sheets to government supply) is that omitted variables become much less of an issue when estimating a relation for which there is a standard generally agreed upon framework for which variables should enter as explanatory variables – in this case relative prices and log total rea ...
... linking bank balance sheets to government supply) is that omitted variables become much less of an issue when estimating a relation for which there is a standard generally agreed upon framework for which variables should enter as explanatory variables – in this case relative prices and log total rea ...
chapter 8. the natural rate of unemployment and the phillips curve
... in the last half of the 1990s as a result of a variety of factors, some of which may have temporary effects on the natural rate and some permanent. Europe's natural rate, on the other hand, seems to have risen steadily since the 1960s. One interpretation of the rise in Europe's natural rate of unemp ...
... in the last half of the 1990s as a result of a variety of factors, some of which may have temporary effects on the natural rate and some permanent. Europe's natural rate, on the other hand, seems to have risen steadily since the 1960s. One interpretation of the rise in Europe's natural rate of unemp ...
An Aggregative Theory for a Closed Economy
... fall in response to open market purchases and tax increases. Open market operations induce larger changes in the price level than tax changes that transfer securities of equal value, but the effects on real balances are identical. Open market purchases raise the equilibrium price level; open market ...
... fall in response to open market purchases and tax increases. Open market operations induce larger changes in the price level than tax changes that transfer securities of equal value, but the effects on real balances are identical. Open market purchases raise the equilibrium price level; open market ...
176KB - Commonwealth Debt Management Review
... And the foreign debt continues to pump up the nation’s current account deficit, widely regarded as a critical flaw in the performance of the national economy. Many Australian people are understandably confused by all this. Is debt a problem or not? As a first step to sorting out the issues it is use ...
... And the foreign debt continues to pump up the nation’s current account deficit, widely regarded as a critical flaw in the performance of the national economy. Many Australian people are understandably confused by all this. Is debt a problem or not? As a first step to sorting out the issues it is use ...
Market for Loanable Funds
... • An investment tax credit increases the incentive to borrow. • Increases the demand for loanable funds. • Shifts the demand curve to the right. • Results in a higher interest rate and a greater quantity saved. ...
... • An investment tax credit increases the incentive to borrow. • Increases the demand for loanable funds. • Shifts the demand curve to the right. • Results in a higher interest rate and a greater quantity saved. ...
This PDF is a selec on from a published volume... Bureau of Economic Research
... increases, but only because of an increase in military employment. Now both private employment and the short-term interest rate fall significantly, while their response was insignificant in the EVAR case. The Barro-Redlick tax rate also falls after several quarters. Column (4) displays the responses ...
... increases, but only because of an increase in military employment. Now both private employment and the short-term interest rate fall significantly, while their response was insignificant in the EVAR case. The Barro-Redlick tax rate also falls after several quarters. Column (4) displays the responses ...