Quarterly National Accounts
... estimates in a new series of Economic and Social Indicators. Besides being one of the requirements for the country to graduate to the Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), quarterly estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) provide users with upto-date ...
... estimates in a new series of Economic and Social Indicators. Besides being one of the requirements for the country to graduate to the Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), quarterly estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) provide users with upto-date ...
Economic Survey of Singapore
... account of both public and private consumption growth. Meanwhile, gross fixed capital formation increased by 1.1 per cent, reversing the 2.8 per cent decline in the preceding quarter. Gross fixed capital formation was supported by public investments, which registered strong growth of 9.4 per cent. P ...
... account of both public and private consumption growth. Meanwhile, gross fixed capital formation increased by 1.1 per cent, reversing the 2.8 per cent decline in the preceding quarter. Gross fixed capital formation was supported by public investments, which registered strong growth of 9.4 per cent. P ...
"Does Government Spending Stimulate Private Activity?"
... Rotemberg and Woodford (1992) made this distinction in their empirical work by examining shocks to total defense spending after conditioning on lags of the number of military personnel. Wynne (1992) was the first to point out the theoretical distinction between government spending on purchases of go ...
... Rotemberg and Woodford (1992) made this distinction in their empirical work by examining shocks to total defense spending after conditioning on lags of the number of military personnel. Wynne (1992) was the first to point out the theoretical distinction between government spending on purchases of go ...
Explaining the Effects of Government Spending Shocks
... cantly in response to a positive government spending shock. Hours also rise to a significant degree with a slight delay. Investment falls initially and rises after 4 quarters, but the response is insignificant for all horizons following the impact response. The two variables of interest and controver ...
... cantly in response to a positive government spending shock. Hours also rise to a significant degree with a slight delay. Investment falls initially and rises after 4 quarters, but the response is insignificant for all horizons following the impact response. The two variables of interest and controver ...
Pension Reform and the Development of Pension
... 1.13 The ISSSTE plan does not help the government-as-employer protect its investments in personnel training because pension eligibility is not linked to a given agency or career path. Therefore, it cannot help recover agency-specific training or selection costs. The IMSS plan, ISSSTE plan, state-emp ...
... 1.13 The ISSSTE plan does not help the government-as-employer protect its investments in personnel training because pension eligibility is not linked to a given agency or career path. Therefore, it cannot help recover agency-specific training or selection costs. The IMSS plan, ISSSTE plan, state-emp ...
Marco Cangiano , E. Baldacci , S. Mahfouz , andAxel Schimmelpfenning The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Activity: An Empirical Investigation (Second IMF Research Conference)..
... government debt is low, fiscal expansion focuses on spending, and there is an accompanying monetary expansion. Fiscal multipliers will be smaller, and could turn negative, when debt sustainability problems result in large risk premia on interest rates, consumers are Ricardian, expectations intensify ...
... government debt is low, fiscal expansion focuses on spending, and there is an accompanying monetary expansion. Fiscal multipliers will be smaller, and could turn negative, when debt sustainability problems result in large risk premia on interest rates, consumers are Ricardian, expectations intensify ...
DRAFT Do Worker Remittances Reduce Output Volatility in Developing Countries?
... While budgetary institutions and financial sector development are two aspects of the domestic institutional environment that may affect macroeconomic volatility, several authors have emphasized that deeper aspects of the domestic institutional environment may be even more important in affecting vola ...
... While budgetary institutions and financial sector development are two aspects of the domestic institutional environment that may affect macroeconomic volatility, several authors have emphasized that deeper aspects of the domestic institutional environment may be even more important in affecting vola ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... the fiscal authorities, flexible regimes provide tighter fiscal discipline than fixed regimes by forcing the costs to be paid up-front. We argue that capital controls induce even looser fiscal policies than fixed regimes while the stabilization plan lasts. This occurs because capital controls enable ...
... the fiscal authorities, flexible regimes provide tighter fiscal discipline than fixed regimes by forcing the costs to be paid up-front. We argue that capital controls induce even looser fiscal policies than fixed regimes while the stabilization plan lasts. This occurs because capital controls enable ...
Monetary Policy in the Midst of Big Shocks
... of the late 1940s reduced the postwar tax burden, re‡ecting a substantial unanticipated in‡ation after the war. This debt debasement did not occur during the in‡ationary 1970s, however, when interest rates rose roughly one-for-one with in‡ation, and it is unlikely that in‡ation could achieve such a ...
... of the late 1940s reduced the postwar tax burden, re‡ecting a substantial unanticipated in‡ation after the war. This debt debasement did not occur during the in‡ationary 1970s, however, when interest rates rose roughly one-for-one with in‡ation, and it is unlikely that in‡ation could achieve such a ...
Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in Bulgaria
... the debate on the size of the fiscal multipliers has become even more relevant, as the economic recovery was weaker than expected in most European countries and the euro area fell into recession for a second time. Despite its high importance and the large number of research papers published in recen ...
... the debate on the size of the fiscal multipliers has become even more relevant, as the economic recovery was weaker than expected in most European countries and the euro area fell into recession for a second time. Despite its high importance and the large number of research papers published in recen ...
What is Economics? 1 Chapter 13 expenditure multipliers: The
... IV. The Multiplier and the Price Level A. In the equilibrium expenditure model, the price level remains constant. But real firms don’t hold their prices constant for long. When they have an unplanned change in inventories, they change production and prices. And the price level changes when firms cha ...
... IV. The Multiplier and the Price Level A. In the equilibrium expenditure model, the price level remains constant. But real firms don’t hold their prices constant for long. When they have an unplanned change in inventories, they change production and prices. And the price level changes when firms cha ...
Load Forecast and Scenarios
... reduce load • Additions will be added to the high MC case while deductions will be removed from the low MC case • Hybrid scenarios (eg. some EV and some DG) will land somewhere in the middle ...
... reduce load • Additions will be added to the high MC case while deductions will be removed from the low MC case • Hybrid scenarios (eg. some EV and some DG) will land somewhere in the middle ...
... they conclude that the marginal cost (monetary plus time costs) exceeds the marginal benefit. C. the environment is not conducive to a rational choice. D. the lines waiting for service are not of equal length. 61 (Last Word) The "after this, therefore because of this" fallacy states that: A. bec ...
Targeting Nominal GDP or Prices: Expectation Dynamics and the Interest Rate
... or avoiding the ZLB constraint.1 The long-standing Japanese experience of persistently very low inflation and occasional deflation took place nearly concurrently with the rise of inflation targeting as the most common, “best practice” monetary policy since the early 1990’s. The ongoing economic cris ...
... or avoiding the ZLB constraint.1 The long-standing Japanese experience of persistently very low inflation and occasional deflation took place nearly concurrently with the rise of inflation targeting as the most common, “best practice” monetary policy since the early 1990’s. The ongoing economic cris ...
This PDF is a selec on from a published volume... Bureau of Economic Research
... government spending probably lies somewhere between 0.8 and 1.5, but could be as low as 0.5 or as high as 2. Two of the key questions for deciding whether policymakers should use government spending for short-run stabilization policy are: (1) Can an increase in government spending stimulate the econ ...
... government spending probably lies somewhere between 0.8 and 1.5, but could be as low as 0.5 or as high as 2. Two of the key questions for deciding whether policymakers should use government spending for short-run stabilization policy are: (1) Can an increase in government spending stimulate the econ ...
Chapter 3. Will It Hurt?
... for identifying periods of fiscal consolidation. In particular, our approach focuses on policy actions intended to reduce the budget deficit. As we explain later, this approach helps us obtain more accurate estimates of the effects of tax hikes and spending cuts on economic activity. Methodologicall ...
... for identifying periods of fiscal consolidation. In particular, our approach focuses on policy actions intended to reduce the budget deficit. As we explain later, this approach helps us obtain more accurate estimates of the effects of tax hikes and spending cuts on economic activity. Methodologicall ...
41 Box I.5: Forecast errors and multiplier uncertainty The - E-SGH
... between past forecast errors and planned fiscal consolidations is not robust and should not be taken as indirect proof for a larger consolidation multiplier. While it is generally accepted that fiscal multipliers for permanent consolidations are higher now than they would be in 'normal' circumstance ...
... between past forecast errors and planned fiscal consolidations is not robust and should not be taken as indirect proof for a larger consolidation multiplier. While it is generally accepted that fiscal multipliers for permanent consolidations are higher now than they would be in 'normal' circumstance ...
The Close Connection Between Nominal
... for T years from now, where EyT is today’s best estimate of future potential real GDP and where pT p+T extrapolates the current price level forward at in‡ation rate . Why this particular target? Because if policymakers succeed in hitting it (so that pT +yT = nT ), if potential output evolves as expe ...
... for T years from now, where EyT is today’s best estimate of future potential real GDP and where pT p+T extrapolates the current price level forward at in‡ation rate . Why this particular target? Because if policymakers succeed in hitting it (so that pT +yT = nT ), if potential output evolves as expe ...
(c.) (a.)
... Keynesian theory, implementation of these policies is most likely to increase a. unemployment b. consumer prices c. aggregate demand ...
... Keynesian theory, implementation of these policies is most likely to increase a. unemployment b. consumer prices c. aggregate demand ...
Essays on Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries and Microstates Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
... such as consumption, net exports and exchange rate as well as in calculating fiscal multipliers. However, one big challenge in the literature is the lack of availability of suitable methodology to identify government spending shocks in developing countries. To that end, I use a recent Structural Vec ...
... such as consumption, net exports and exchange rate as well as in calculating fiscal multipliers. However, one big challenge in the literature is the lack of availability of suitable methodology to identify government spending shocks in developing countries. To that end, I use a recent Structural Vec ...
2009-II CENTRAL BANK OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
... deteriorated risk premium in Turkey, the Bank has been able to cut policy rates at a dramatic pace to mitigate the economic contraction and to avoid severe downward deviations from inflation targets. Accordingly, the Bank cut policy rates by a total of 700 basis points in 6 months from November 2008 ...
... deteriorated risk premium in Turkey, the Bank has been able to cut policy rates at a dramatic pace to mitigate the economic contraction and to avoid severe downward deviations from inflation targets. Accordingly, the Bank cut policy rates by a total of 700 basis points in 6 months from November 2008 ...
The Economic Performance Index (EPI)
... Are current economic policies working as desired or simply targeting some hot button issue of the day? Compounding this, voters are confronted with confusion and uncertainty. Many rely on ad hoc metrics provided by the media or politicians to explain the economy's performance. A consistent and trans ...
... Are current economic policies working as desired or simply targeting some hot button issue of the day? Compounding this, voters are confronted with confusion and uncertainty. Many rely on ad hoc metrics provided by the media or politicians to explain the economy's performance. A consistent and trans ...
Abenomics
Abenomics (アベノミクス, Abenomikusu) refers to the economic policies advocated by Shinzō Abe since the December 2012 general election, which elected Abe to his second term as prime minister of Japan. Abenomics is based upon ""three arrows"" of fiscal stimulus, monetary easing and structural reforms. The Economist characterized the program as a ""mix of reflation, government spending and a growth strategy designed to jolt the economy out of suspended animation that has gripped it for more than two decades.""The term ""Abenomics"" is a portmanteau of Abe and economics, and follows previous political neologisms for economic policies linked to specific leaders, such as Reaganomics, Clintonomics and Rogernomics.