A Climate Modelling Primer - THIRD EDITION
... Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor ...
... Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor ...
Impact of climate change on Antarctic krill
... agents of climate change, such as sea ice loss, ocean warming and ocean acidification, as well as recent developments in the krill fishery. The main objective of this review was to highlight the likely impact of important drivers of climate change on krill and Antarctic ecosystems, to discuss potent ...
... agents of climate change, such as sea ice loss, ocean warming and ocean acidification, as well as recent developments in the krill fishery. The main objective of this review was to highlight the likely impact of important drivers of climate change on krill and Antarctic ecosystems, to discuss potent ...
- American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
... lagoons, saline and freshwater marshes, and temporary ponds. The wetlands in this region are naturally characterized by variable and sometimes elevated salinity levels due to the proximity of an underlying saline aquifer. The Camargue is a region of high ecological value, where wetlands fulfill impo ...
... lagoons, saline and freshwater marshes, and temporary ponds. The wetlands in this region are naturally characterized by variable and sometimes elevated salinity levels due to the proximity of an underlying saline aquifer. The Camargue is a region of high ecological value, where wetlands fulfill impo ...
Preindustrial to present-day changes in tropospheric hydroxyl
... concentration and methane (CH4 ) lifetime relative to preindustrial times (1850) and to 1980. A comparison of modeled and observation-derived methane and methyl chloroform lifetimes suggests that the present-day global multimodel mean OH concentration is overestimated by 5 to 10 % but is within the ...
... concentration and methane (CH4 ) lifetime relative to preindustrial times (1850) and to 1980. A comparison of modeled and observation-derived methane and methyl chloroform lifetimes suggests that the present-day global multimodel mean OH concentration is overestimated by 5 to 10 % but is within the ...
Simulating the winter North Atlantic Oscillation: the roles of internal
... the high-index early 1990s. Recent winters have an average NAO index that is only slightly above the 1961– 1990 mean, and the trend from the 1960s to the early 1990s has not continued. Nevertheless, it is important to understand the causes of the multi-decadal variations, particularly whether they a ...
... the high-index early 1990s. Recent winters have an average NAO index that is only slightly above the 1961– 1990 mean, and the trend from the 1960s to the early 1990s has not continued. Nevertheless, it is important to understand the causes of the multi-decadal variations, particularly whether they a ...
Why is geoengineering so tempting?
... research themes: 1. Understanding green growth and climate-compatible development 2. Advancing climate finance and investment 3. Evaluating the performance of climate policies 4. Managing climate risks and uncertainties and strengthening climate services 5. Enabling rapid transitions in mitigation a ...
... research themes: 1. Understanding green growth and climate-compatible development 2. Advancing climate finance and investment 3. Evaluating the performance of climate policies 4. Managing climate risks and uncertainties and strengthening climate services 5. Enabling rapid transitions in mitigation a ...
Working Paper 170 - Doda 2014 (opens in new window)
... research themes: 1. Understanding green growth and climate-compatible development 2. Advancing climate finance and investment 3. Evaluating the performance of climate policies 4. Managing climate risks and uncertainties and strengthening climate services 5. Enabling rapid transitions in mitigation a ...
... research themes: 1. Understanding green growth and climate-compatible development 2. Advancing climate finance and investment 3. Evaluating the performance of climate policies 4. Managing climate risks and uncertainties and strengthening climate services 5. Enabling rapid transitions in mitigation a ...
Arctic Regions: Concerns, Threats and Potential Challenges
... (Denmark), Canada, USA (Alaska) and eastern parts of Russia (Siberia) has Inuit population. For all, their way of living is traditional and the overall principle is to exploit the basic elements in nature; reindeer herding, fishing and hunting. Although the native societies have been influenced by t ...
... (Denmark), Canada, USA (Alaska) and eastern parts of Russia (Siberia) has Inuit population. For all, their way of living is traditional and the overall principle is to exploit the basic elements in nature; reindeer herding, fishing and hunting. Although the native societies have been influenced by t ...
Full-Text PDF
... For nearly 50 years, the total precipitation in China has increased slightly, and it fluctuated at a certain periodicity. In different regions, the periodicity performs differently as well. Precipitation has great spatial difference in China. In southwestern China, precipitation has increased in bot ...
... For nearly 50 years, the total precipitation in China has increased slightly, and it fluctuated at a certain periodicity. In different regions, the periodicity performs differently as well. Precipitation has great spatial difference in China. In southwestern China, precipitation has increased in bot ...
TEM simulated monthly net methane emissions
... Eurasia from 1971 to 2100. Multiple model simulations using various wetland extent datasets and climate change scenarios were conducted to assess the uncertainty of CH4 fluxes, including emissions and consumption. On the basis of these simulations we estimate the current net emissions in the region ...
... Eurasia from 1971 to 2100. Multiple model simulations using various wetland extent datasets and climate change scenarios were conducted to assess the uncertainty of CH4 fluxes, including emissions and consumption. On the basis of these simulations we estimate the current net emissions in the region ...
AMIDST FRAGMENTATION AND COHERENCE: A
... degradation of ecosystems resulting from climate change, it is not at all irrelevant. In fact, the iconic nature and the high profile of many world heritage sites make them particularly suitable to promote public awareness of the need for action on climate change mitigation and adaptation and is lik ...
... degradation of ecosystems resulting from climate change, it is not at all irrelevant. In fact, the iconic nature and the high profile of many world heritage sites make them particularly suitable to promote public awareness of the need for action on climate change mitigation and adaptation and is lik ...
Environmental Change and Migration: State of the
... ferent environmental changes affect people’s lives and their propensity to move would be useful in increasing understanding of the interconnections between the environment and migration. Also needed is research on the forms of movement that are likely to be associated with different environmental c ...
... ferent environmental changes affect people’s lives and their propensity to move would be useful in increasing understanding of the interconnections between the environment and migration. Also needed is research on the forms of movement that are likely to be associated with different environmental c ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS - Caribbean Community Climate Change
... The Government of Belize recognizes that Climate Change poses threats to the water sector that are not being appropriately addressed. As the population grows and the virgin areas are invaded, Belize’s water sector becomes more vulnerable. Such vulnerabilities may be exacerbated by the pressures and ...
... The Government of Belize recognizes that Climate Change poses threats to the water sector that are not being appropriately addressed. As the population grows and the virgin areas are invaded, Belize’s water sector becomes more vulnerable. Such vulnerabilities may be exacerbated by the pressures and ...
Contrasting the direct radiative effect and direct radiative forcing of
... various anthropogenic forcing mechanisms on the Earth’s energy budget. The aerosol DRF reflects both the change in primary aerosol emissions from anthropogenic activity and the impacts of the changing chemical environment (due to anthropogenic emissions) on secondary aerosol formation. The radiative ...
... various anthropogenic forcing mechanisms on the Earth’s energy budget. The aerosol DRF reflects both the change in primary aerosol emissions from anthropogenic activity and the impacts of the changing chemical environment (due to anthropogenic emissions) on secondary aerosol formation. The radiative ...
Report of a global survey on Lessons learned about the ways and means to conserve and use genetic diversity to build resilience to climate change in food and agriculture systems
... implications for food and agriculture production are generally recognized by respondents. The additional information provided by respondents suggests that there is a substantial amount of information around the world that provides evidence on what are perceived to be the main effects. 2. The direct ...
... implications for food and agriculture production are generally recognized by respondents. The additional information provided by respondents suggests that there is a substantial amount of information around the world that provides evidence on what are perceived to be the main effects. 2. The direct ...
Working Paper 205 - Watkiss (opens in new window)
... starts with current climate variability and then considers future climate change, considering early lowregret options and longer-term adaptation interventions respectively, along with the use of decision making under uncertainty and iterative adaptive management. The second area of review has explor ...
... starts with current climate variability and then considers future climate change, considering early lowregret options and longer-term adaptation interventions respectively, along with the use of decision making under uncertainty and iterative adaptive management. The second area of review has explor ...
Peat stratigraphy and climate change
... to sulphur deposition, although other aspects of the volcanic input such as chemical, physical and/or hydrological processes may drive short term changes in peatland faunal communities. The six papers focussed on reconstructing past climate change, using bog surface wetness proxies, are based on a r ...
... to sulphur deposition, although other aspects of the volcanic input such as chemical, physical and/or hydrological processes may drive short term changes in peatland faunal communities. The six papers focussed on reconstructing past climate change, using bog surface wetness proxies, are based on a r ...
Response and potential of agroforestry crops under global change
... Among the characteristics which distinguish tree from agricultural crops, size is probably the most important. This, of course, increases the difficulty when manipulative experiments to simulate climate change are established, and is the primary reason why most of the studies available in literature ...
... Among the characteristics which distinguish tree from agricultural crops, size is probably the most important. This, of course, increases the difficulty when manipulative experiments to simulate climate change are established, and is the primary reason why most of the studies available in literature ...
Climate-Induced Population Movement: The Issue
... internally or externally, due to the impacts of climate change (such as sea-level rise, increasing intensity of storms and droughts, flooding and natural disasters) therefore adds tremendously to contemporary challenges. According to scientific estimations, the number of those likely to relocate due ...
... internally or externally, due to the impacts of climate change (such as sea-level rise, increasing intensity of storms and droughts, flooding and natural disasters) therefore adds tremendously to contemporary challenges. According to scientific estimations, the number of those likely to relocate due ...
Behavioural Adaptation of Skiers and Snowboarders in
... 0.74°C during the past 100 years. However, in only the last 50 years, this warming trend has occurred at twice this rate (IPCC, 2007). Eleven of the last twelve years (1995‐2006) rank among the warmest years in the instrumental record of global surface temperature since 1850 (IPCC, 2007). Averag ...
... 0.74°C during the past 100 years. However, in only the last 50 years, this warming trend has occurred at twice this rate (IPCC, 2007). Eleven of the last twelve years (1995‐2006) rank among the warmest years in the instrumental record of global surface temperature since 1850 (IPCC, 2007). Averag ...
PDF
... resources. Natural resources include all the materials and forces that are supplied by nature. Those that are most essential for food crop production are land, water, sunshine, air, temperature and soil conditions. Man-made resources (include labour, capital or entrepreneurship) are supplied and inf ...
... resources. Natural resources include all the materials and forces that are supplied by nature. Those that are most essential for food crop production are land, water, sunshine, air, temperature and soil conditions. Man-made resources (include labour, capital or entrepreneurship) are supplied and inf ...
Lightning Applications in Weather and Climate Research
... linked with changes in LWC or temperature. Hence, such changes in thunderstorms may tell us something about the inner workings of these severe storms. Due to the strong link between lightning, cloud microphysics, and cloud dynamics, lightning in individual storms is generally positively correlated w ...
... linked with changes in LWC or temperature. Hence, such changes in thunderstorms may tell us something about the inner workings of these severe storms. Due to the strong link between lightning, cloud microphysics, and cloud dynamics, lightning in individual storms is generally positively correlated w ...
Economic Modeling of Effects of Climate Change on the Forest
... Policies adopted to address climate change will influence the extent, composition, and management of future forests. At the same time as policy is causing forest changes, climate change itself is expected to yield changes to environmental conditions, influencing the characteristics and growth of for ...
... Policies adopted to address climate change will influence the extent, composition, and management of future forests. At the same time as policy is causing forest changes, climate change itself is expected to yield changes to environmental conditions, influencing the characteristics and growth of for ...
Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production
... other large phytoplankton depending on the availability of silicic acid. In PELAGOS, the nanophytoplankton type is further divided into flagellates and picophytoplankton. PlankTOM5.3 includes an explicit coccolithophore type, while in most other models coccolithophores are modeled implicitly as a fr ...
... other large phytoplankton depending on the availability of silicic acid. In PELAGOS, the nanophytoplankton type is further divided into flagellates and picophytoplankton. PlankTOM5.3 includes an explicit coccolithophore type, while in most other models coccolithophores are modeled implicitly as a fr ...
Effects of global warming on Australia
Predictions measuring the effects of global warming on Australia assert that global warming will negatively impact the continent's environment, economy, and communities. Australia has been designated as one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, according to the Stern report and others, due partially to the importance of its agricultural sector and the prominence of its coast.Australia is vulnerable to the effects of global warming projected for the next 50 to 100 years because of its extensive arid and semi-arid areas, high annual rainfall variability, and existing pressures on water supply. The continent's high fire risk increases this susceptibility to change in temperature and climate. Additionally, Australia's population is highly concentrated in coastal areas, and its important tourism industry depends on the health of the Great Barrier Reef and other fragile ecosystems. Impacts of climate change will be complex and to some degree uncertain, but increased foresight may enable the country to safeguard its future through planned mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation may reduce the ultimate extent of climate change and its impacts, but requires global solutions and cooperation, while adaptation can be performed at national and local levels.