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Binomial distribution Probability mass function
Binomial distribution Probability mass function

... approximation gives considerably less accurate results. This approximation, known as de Moivre–Laplace theorem, is a huge time­saver when undertaking Binomial probability mass function and calculations by hand (exact calculations with large n are very onerous); historically, it was the first use of  ...
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... that the null hypothesis is really false. Beta, β, is the conditional probability that one will not reject the null hypothesis given that the null hypothesis is really false (that is, make a Type II error). Since rejecting the null and not rejecting the null are mutually exclusive and exhaustive eve ...
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... Note: The expectation of X is also called the expected value of X or the mean of X and is often denoted by µ. Example 3.2. Suppose that a fair coin is about to be flipped. If it lands on heads, you win 30 dollars. If it lands on tails, you lose 20 dollars. We can define X to be the random variable t ...
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... Remark 127. In the previous section we defined independence of events and now we have defined independence of random variables. How are they related? We leave it to you to check that events A1 , . . . , An are independent (according the definition of the previous section) if and only if the random v ...
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History of statistics

The History of statistics can be said to start around 1749 although, over time, there have been changes to the interpretation of the word statistics. In early times, the meaning was restricted to information about states. This was later extended to include all collections of information of all types, and later still it was extended to include the analysis and interpretation of such data. In modern terms, ""statistics"" means both sets of collected information, as in national accounts and temperature records, and analytical work which requires statistical inference.Statistical activities are often associated with models expressed using probabilities, and require probability theory for them to be put on a firm theoretical basis: see History of probability.A number of statistical concepts have had an important impact on a wide range of sciences. These include the design of experiments and approaches to statistical inference such as Bayesian inference, each of which can be considered to have their own sequence in the development of the ideas underlying modern statistics.
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