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IS31AP4991
IS31AP4991

An Improved State Space Average Model of Buck DC
An Improved State Space Average Model of Buck DC

TPS60230 WLED Charge Pump
TPS60230 WLED Charge Pump

Inverter Power Stage Connected with PV-Grid
Inverter Power Stage Connected with PV-Grid

... using bidirectional devices [8]. Hierarchical control for DC and AC microgrids proposed [9]. A reconfiguration strategy proposed for PV systems to achieve maximum power generation from non-uniformly aged PV module [10]. Grid with PV inverters, owing to the growth of world’s power demand, the necessi ...
Three-Phase Power Conditioner Solatron™ Plus Series Instruction
Three-Phase Power Conditioner Solatron™ Plus Series Instruction

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TIP142 TIP147 - Tayda Electronics

... Resistive load switching test circrcuit (NPN type) ...
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... distribution process starts at the termination of the transmission lines at distribution substations. The voltage is then stepped down by step down transformers to supply to the load centers via the distribution network. The distribution voltages used in Malaysia are 33 kV, 11 kV and 415/240. This p ...
Decibel Reading #1
Decibel Reading #1

... amplifier is very high because the input signal has essentially no LOAD and thus supplies almost no CURRENT or power. This power gain could be correctly expressed in decibels if the actual input and output powers were taken into consideration. This, however, is rarely done; it works out correctly on ...
power supply measurement tips
power supply measurement tips

... 10 Stages of Power Supply Design Power supplies are the workhorses behind all electronics and electrical equipment. They come in numerous varieties to fit the gamut of systems they power. The race towards smaller, greener and cheaper power supply designs is more intense than ever. Higher efficiencie ...
Evaluates: MAX1856 MAX1856 Evaluation Kit SLIC Power Supply General Description
Evaluates: MAX1856 MAX1856 Evaluation Kit SLIC Power Supply General Description

... 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6. VOUT1 is connected to the 1:6 tap, providing -72V, which can supply up to 100mA. VOUT2 is connected to the 1:2 tap, providing -24V, which can supply up to 400mA. VOUT1 may be connected to the 1:4 tap to provide -48V and supply up to 200mA. The input voltage can range from +8V to + ...
SOiid-State oua1-c1ock Generator
SOiid-State oua1-c1ock Generator

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Amateur Extra Licensing Class

... (sometimes called VSB-AM) that encodes data by varying the amplitude of a single carrier frequency. Portions of one of the redundant sidebands are removed to form a vestigial sideband signal - so-called because a vestige of the sideband remains. VSB transmission is similar to single-sideband (SSB) t ...
TPS68401 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
TPS68401 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... The TPS68401/TPS68402 includes a regulated fractional charge pump with bypass mode. It is used to boost the supply voltage for the output drivers when the battery voltage is close to or below the forward bias voltage of the LEDs. In 1.5x mode VOUT is boosted to 1.5x VDD or 4.55 V, whichever value is ...
BP5011
BP5011

... Examples of application circuits, circuit constants and any other information contained herein illustrate the standard usage and operations of the Products. The peripheral conditions must be taken into account when designing circuits for mass production. Great care was taken in ensuring the accuracy ...
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EECE 581

Calibration Techniques for Precision Power - Techni-Tool
Calibration Techniques for Precision Power - Techni-Tool

... Corporate Phone: 610-825-4990 • Sales: 800-832-4866 or 610-941-2400 Fax: 800-854-8665 or 610-828-5623 • Web: www.techni-tool.com ...
(assistant in bathing the baby), which would be
(assistant in bathing the baby), which would be

... Infants and children in the early years of their life need special care. During this period, one of the important and strenuous procedures for childcare is bathing the baby. There are many and various doctor's recommendations, how to bathe the baby. Most experts agree that the main requirements are: ...
MAX5052/MAX5053 Current-Mode PWM Controllers with an Error Amplifier for Isolated/Nonisolated Power Supplies
MAX5052/MAX5053 Current-Mode PWM Controllers with an Error Amplifier for Isolated/Nonisolated Power Supplies

... UVLO pin is pulled low. Internal digital soft-start reduces output voltage overshoot. The internal thermal shutdown circuit protects the device in the event the junction temperature exceeds +130°C. The MAX5052 has an internal bootstrap UVLO with large hysteresis that requires a minimum voltage of 23 ...
MP1410ES
MP1410ES

... converter while maintaining the DC input voltage. A low ESR capacitor is required to keep the noise at the IC to a minimum. Ceramic capacitors are preferred, but tantalum or low-ESR electrolytic capacitors may also suffice. The input capacitor value should be greater than 10uF. The capacitor can be ...
AN-9742 Device Selection Guide for Half-Bridge Welding Machine (IGBT & Diode) Summary
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... MOSFET integrated IC FSMG0465R is used for power supply. Its simple peripheral circuit and 66KHz switching frequency reduce the PCB and transformer size. In addition, the efficiency of power has been maximized by the minimization of idling power that can be achieved from low power consumption in Sta ...
Low Voltage Lighting A Technical Introduction
Low Voltage Lighting A Technical Introduction

... them. There are many different types of bulb incorporating various technologies. Each type can find its own use in the field of lighting. The types of bulb differ in their physical packaging, their efficiency, their life span and the type of light that they produce. The following terms will be usefu ...
3-Phase Power Test Simulator IMA315 PORTABLE 3-PHASE POWER TEST SIMULATOR
3-Phase Power Test Simulator IMA315 PORTABLE 3-PHASE POWER TEST SIMULATOR

AC Meters - UniMAP Portal
AC Meters - UniMAP Portal

... measure 50Hz AC indicates zero average value. •It is important to note that although a PMMC instrument connected to an ac supply may indicating zero, there can actually be very large rms current flowing in its coils ...
Workshop 88`s
Workshop 88`s

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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