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Simple Regulated Supply (SRS)
Simple Regulated Supply (SRS)

... other example. But the problem with most power sources is that they are usually “incompatible” with most devices because most if not all power sources output an unregulated voltage that may even be constantly changing. For example, as a battery is used the voltage across the battery slowly decreases ...
MJE182
MJE182

... Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any ...
Robust High Voltage Over-The-Top Op Amps Maintain High Input
Robust High Voltage Over-The-Top Op Amps Maintain High Input

... be slightly higher due to the attenuation of the resistor divider at the + input. Worst-case input error at high input voltage extremes due to offset current is 500µV, with better accuracy typical between –5V and +5V. ...
5.1 Hardware implementation - LEDA Laboratory for Electronic
5.1 Hardware implementation - LEDA Laboratory for Electronic

... Electronic loads are strongly related to the power quality thanks to the implementation of switched-mode power supplies that in general draw current from the grid in bursts. In that way, while keeping the voltage waveform almost unattached, they impregnate pulses into the current so chopping it into ...
RT8059 - Richtek
RT8059 - Richtek

... since ΔIL increases with input voltage. Multiple capacitors placed in parallel may be needed to meet the ESR and RMS current handling requirements. Dry tantalum, special polymer, aluminum electrolytic and ceramic capacitors are all available in surface mount packages. Special polymer capacitors offe ...
Combine two 8-bit outputs to make one 16
Combine two 8-bit outputs to make one 16

... Consider, for instance, the typical performance and constraints of a portable biotelemetry system: differential gain of 1000, ⫾5V split power supplies, and op amps with rail-to-rail output-voltage swing. In this system, the application of the formula for ⌬VIN yields a maximum differential-input dc v ...
BMC012. Variable Stepped Voltage Generator
BMC012. Variable Stepped Voltage Generator

... microcontroller and a 100k resistor to ground which keeps the microcon's input at groudn level normally. On the right we see the same circuit with an added off-board circuit added. The same 1k and schottky resistor network from the analog input is added in between the input jack and the wiring pad o ...
Definitions and Measurement of Power Factor
Definitions and Measurement of Power Factor

... period. The studied currents have to be given as mathematical formulas. Disadvantage of these circuits is that even the values of the higher harmonics depend on α. In Fig. 4 the shape of current at α=135° can be seen, while Fig. 5 shows the level of the harmonics up to 2,5 kHz using a linear scale. ...
Electric Power Quality : Types , and Measurements
Electric Power Quality : Types , and Measurements

... reasonable limits. ANSI C84.1 [7] specifies the steady-state voltage tolerances for both magnitudes and unbalance expected on a power system. Long duration variations are considered to be present when the limits are exceeded for greater than 1 min. Fig. 1 shows a voltage variation with long duration ...
EN 1414751
EN 1414751

... makes interest to both electric utilities & customers. The disturbance in power quality is primarily due to increase in using switching devices, unbalanced power system, nonlinear loads, computers and data processing. PQ disturbances such as sag, swell, interruption, harmonics, noise, flicker, trans ...
BP5045A
BP5045A

LM4804 Low Voltage High Power Audio Power Amplifier (Rev. C)
LM4804 Low Voltage High Power Audio Power Amplifier (Rev. C)

... differential drive to the load, thus doubling output swing for a specified supply voltage. Four times the output power is possible as compared to a single-ended amplifier under the same conditions. This increase in attainable output power assumes that the amplifier is not current limited or clipped. ...
Switching Comparison: NexLight
Switching Comparison: NexLight

Full Document - Ahmet Özkurt`s Homepage
Full Document - Ahmet Özkurt`s Homepage

... An H-Bridge is a circuit that can drive a current in either polarity and be controlled by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Pulse Width Modulation is a means in controlling the duration of an electronic pulse. In motors try to imagine the brush as a water wheel and electrons as a the flowing droplets of ...
Multilayer Varistor General Information
Multilayer Varistor General Information

... Maximum continuous sinusoidal AC voltage (< 5% total harmonic distortion) which may be applied to the varistor at 25ºC. Maximum continuous DC voltage (< 5% ripple) which may be applied to the varistor at 25ºC. Current passing through the varistor at rated DC voltage at 25 ºC or any other specified t ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)

Crown Service Web Site
Crown Service Web Site

... the load. Eventually the NPN devices reach full conduction and +Vcc is across the load. At this time the HS PNP is biased off. When the drive signal is negative going, the HS PNP conducts to deliver -Vcc to the load and the HS NPN stage is off. The output of the +LVA drives the base of predriver dev ...
MAX8884 Evaluation Kit Evaluates:  MAX8884Y/MAX8884Z General Description Features
MAX8884 Evaluation Kit Evaluates: MAX8884Y/MAX8884Z General Description Features

... and tested PCB that demonstrates the highly integrated MAX8884Y step-down DC-DC converter and dual, 300mA, low-dropout (LDO) linear regulator. The stepdown output voltage is pin selectable between 1.2V and 1.8V and provides guaranteed output current of 700mA. Dual low-noise LDOs are also integrated ...
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DP-55V - Accuphase
DP-55V - Accuphase

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Linear Systems replaces discontinued Intersil IT120
Linear Systems replaces discontinued Intersil IT120

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Camera Power Supplies - Surveillance
Camera Power Supplies - Surveillance

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3B42 数据手册DataSheet 下载
3B42 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... readily hot-swapped under full power and interchanged without disrupting field wiring. The Analog Devices 3B Series Signal Conditioning Subsystem is designed to easily handle signal conditioning problems in measurement and control applications. Some typical uses are in microcomputer-based data acqui ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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