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The Franck-Hertz Experiment
The Franck-Hertz Experiment

... ramping of the voltage of the power supply and the taking of the data by the computer. (It is a good idea to put the reset/ramp switch to the reset position as soon as the data sampling is completed to insure a proper zero start for the next data sampling.) You cannot collect both the current from t ...
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... The design of the TL494 not only incorporates the primary building blocks required to control a switching power supply, but also addresses many basic problems and reduces the amount of additional circuitry required in the total design. The TL494 is a fixed-frequency pulse-width-modulation (PWM) cont ...
CZ31693698
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... The MAX1801 controller operates in a low-noise fixedfrequency PWM mode, with output power limited by the external components. The controller regulates the output voltage by modulating the pulse width of the drive signal for an external N-channel MOSFET switch. The user-adjusted switching frequency i ...
UcD32MP UcD34MP UcD36MP
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... the fault has disappeared. Long term over current will be the responsibility of the external control logic. When an over temperature condition is detected, the main SMPS should be put in standby mode. Once the temperature drops below a safe level it may continue normal operation. The main SMPS will ...
EL5128 - Intersil
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W211 (25-40-75-100-150-250-400-600A)
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How To Measure Voltage - MIT Technology Review
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... amount of harmonic current [1], [2]. Voltage distortion or harmonics resulting from current harmonics produced by power electronic equipment has become a serious problem to be solved in many countries. Power system harmonics are not a new problem. Due to the widespread proliferation of nonlinear dis ...
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A DSP based reliable fuel cell power system with input

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... reference signal remains constant or is zero However, if in the process due to some discrepancy a phase error builds up, a control mechanism gets triggered, which acts on the oscillator to counter-balance the so resulted phase error in such a manner that it is reduced to minimum until it is matched. ...
High Speed Super Low Power SRAM CS18LV20483
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... Aug.12, 2005 ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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