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Encoder 101: Selecting the Right Output
Encoder 101: Selecting the Right Output

... (minus a small amount to account for encoder power requirements). Another notable feature of the 7272 is its temperature protective function. If the 7272 is being driven at its limits (high load, upper voltage limit, high frequency) thereby increasing temperature, it will go into a protective mode w ...
Home Appliances
Home Appliances

Power Quality Analyzer Class A Accuracy Certified MC784
Power Quality Analyzer Class A Accuracy Certified MC784

... accessing recorded or real time values from multiple instruments installed on different locations it is possible to gain the overall picture of the complete systems’ behavior. This can be achieved with regard to MC784 accurate internal real time clock and wide range of synchronization sources suppor ...
Team 8 Critical Design Review
Team 8 Critical Design Review

Evaluates:  MAX8526/MAX8527/MAX8528 MAX8526 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX8526/MAX8527/MAX8528 MAX8526 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

... and tested surface-mount PCB demonstrating the MAX8526 low-dropout (LDO) regulator. The EV kit comes assembled with a MAX8526EUD+ circuit that steps down a 1.425V to 3.6V input-voltage range to a 1.2V output capable of sourcing up to 2A of continuous output current with a maximum dropout voltage of ...
Encoder 101: Selecting the Right Output
Encoder 101: Selecting the Right Output

... (minus a small amount to account for encoder power requirements). Another notable feature of the 7272 is its temperature protective function. If the 7272 is being driven at its limits (high load, upper voltage limit, high frequency) thereby increasing temperature, it will go into a protective mode w ...
Tripp Lite SMART3000CRMXL SmartPro 3kVA 2880W
Tripp Lite SMART3000CRMXL SmartPro 3kVA 2880W

... Additional ENVIROSENSE accessory, when used in conjunction with SNMPWEBCARD reports temperature, humidity and status of up to two directly connected contact closure sensors HID-compliant USB interface enables full integration with built-in power management and auto shutdown features of Windows and M ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... ◊ Add decoupling or bypass capacitors between VCC/VDD and ground. Place these capacitors as close to the offending ICs as possible. Recommended is one 0.01F for each IC. ◊ Add a 0.1F capacitor for every 5 ICs. ◊ Maintain short power supply buses. ◊ Ensure the power supply buses have low resistance ...
POWER QUALITY ANALYSIS BASED ON HARMONIC DISTORTION
POWER QUALITY ANALYSIS BASED ON HARMONIC DISTORTION

... Power quality covers a wide range of problems and many definitions have been made. There are definitions from IEEE and IEC which can be considered. From the IEEE dictionary, which originates in IEEE Standard 1100, power quality is defined to as „The concept of powering and grounding sensitive equipm ...
Mode of Operation of the MINOS Far Detector
Mode of Operation of the MINOS Far Detector

... The TPC is the main interface between the timing system and the rest of MINOS. It is not necessarily a dedicated PC for the timing system as the limited functionally needed for the timing system can be satisfied by any PC with spare recourses (like LED flasher system or a DAQ PC). It will receive co ...
Design of SVPWM Inverter for Induction Motor Drive Using
Design of SVPWM Inverter for Induction Motor Drive Using

Model BD-20A HIGH FREQUENCY GENERATOR OPERATING
Model BD-20A HIGH FREQUENCY GENERATOR OPERATING

... ionized. The gas has a pungent odor, but is harmlessly dissipated in a normally ventilated area. Do not use in a confined area where high concentrations of ozone gas can develop. 3.5.4 This instrument generates an output at the radio-frequency level. Users who wear a pacemaker or other medical elect ...
1. Register
1. Register

... The Maintenance System holds information on all hardware present in the production unit. It contains information on motors and other equipment on site, when they were acquired, specifications, manufacturer and so on. The DDC will interface with the maintenance system via its API which may vary betwe ...
LET16045C
LET16045C

... Output Power (W) AM02167V2 ...
LA4450  2-Channel Power Amplifier For Bus and Track in Car Stereo
LA4450 2-Channel Power Amplifier For Bus and Track in Car Stereo

Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics
Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics

... Choose the length of a shorted 50- lossless transmission line (Fig. 5-16) such that its input impedance at 2.25 GHz is equivalent to the reactance of a capacitor with capacitance Ceq = 4 pF. The wave velocity on the line is 0.75c. ...
Current Sharing with Power Supplies | CUI Inc
Current Sharing with Power Supplies | CUI Inc

... The need often arises to supply more current to a load than the output current rating of an available power supply. At such times it may be possible to connect two or more supplies in parallel in order to deliver the desired current to the load. Connecting the outputs of multiple power supplies in p ...
ics843001-21.pdf
ics843001-21.pdf

IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)

Datasheet - Intersil
Datasheet - Intersil

... While feedback is normally applied around the entire regulator, the error amplifier can be used with conventional operational amplifier feedback and will be stable in either the inverting or non-inverting mode. Input common-mode limits must be observed; if not, output signal inversion may result. Th ...
Fig 4.10:Front panel of the robot arm control
Fig 4.10:Front panel of the robot arm control

... by DAQ to LabviewTM. The controlling signal is fed back by the same method through DAQ. LabviewTM is a highly productive development environment that engineers and scientists use for graphical programming and unprecedented hardware integration to rapidly design and deploy measurement and control sys ...
Vacuum Tube Power Amps
Vacuum Tube Power Amps

Service Tips from the Pros
Service Tips from the Pros

... neutrals and reverse polarity. This ATS switch uses Figure-3 “contactors” versus relays for switching purposes. A contactor is a “normally open” switch and requires power to activate/close the contacts – i.e., a 120V DC powered coil is responsible for making this occur. Have you ever heard a “hummin ...
applications of gps in power engineering
applications of gps in power engineering

... new hybrid state estimation analysis to achieve a higher degree of accuracy of the solution. • The effect of changing the locations and numbers of PMUs through the buses of the power network on the system state estimation is also studied with a new methodology. • The hybrid state estimation techniqu ...
Bus Voltage Degradation - Trans-Coil
Bus Voltage Degradation - Trans-Coil

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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