• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Ch 1. Amplifiers - University of Alabama
Ch 1. Amplifiers - University of Alabama

... Less expensive, Small size  Lower drift, Better flexibility of frequency range ...
Introduction to Op-Amp
Introduction to Op-Amp

... SR = 2π fmax VP Example: Slew rate S0 = 1 V/μs; input voltage vin (t) = sin(2π × 105t); closed loop gain AV =10. 1) Sketch the theoretically correct output and the actual output of the amplifier in the same graph. 2) What is the maximum frequency that will not violating the given slew rate? ...
Wireless Inductive Charging for Low Power Devices
Wireless Inductive Charging for Low Power Devices

... ready for use by an electrical load. Depending on the working principle wireless charging can be categorised as shown in the figure 2 above, namely near-field transfers and the far-field transfers. The main difference between the two is the frequency range and transfer distance. When the resonant freq ...
pdfnew/aob2og01?
pdfnew/aob2og01?

... microphone on stage feeding a console input is an example of half of a four-wire circuit. It would not usually be called such, since it is not an intercom use, but it remains one-half of a communications path from the stage to the intended listeners. The reverse path, for example the console’s talk- ...
Single and two piece AC Hipots
Single and two piece AC Hipots

... Carbon roller contacts - Rolling friction is less than sliding friction; therefore contact movement does not contribute to heat build-up and does not accelerate wear. Rollers are spring-loaded to ensure positive contact and to provide flexibility for movement. Nickel-plated copper contact surface on ...
Diode Clipping Circuits
Diode Clipping Circuits

... waveforms at different levels, a bias voltage, VBIAS is added in series with the diode as shown.  The voltage across the series combination must be greater than VBIAS + 0.7V before the diode becomes sufficiently forward biased to conduct.  For example, if the VBIAS level is set at 4.0 volts, then ...
AD626AR
AD626AR

... Output Short Circuit Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indefinite Storage Temperature Range (N, R) . . . . . . . . –65°C to +125°C ...
Battery Cabinet Hardware v1.0 Author: Pierluigi Sarti, Technical Lead, Power
Battery Cabinet Hardware v1.0 Author: Pierluigi Sarti, Technical Lead, Power

... The battery cabinet provides 45 seconds of runtime at full load. Runtime is defined as a discharge of the whole battery pack (with five battery strings) from the fully charged voltage of 54V (13.5V x 4), to a minimum of 42V (10.5V x 4). Lower levels of the minimum allowed voltage may vary with the b ...
TC62D902FG
TC62D902FG

MAX15046B Evaluation Kit Evaluates: General Description Features
MAX15046B Evaluation Kit Evaluates: General Description Features

... The MAX15046B EV kit features an option to select the bias input for the MAX15046B IC controller when configuring the EV kit to operate with an input source less than 6V. Jumper JU1 selects the input-voltage source for the MAX15046B IC controller VCC pin. Remove the shunt on jumper JU1 to power the ...
Design and Analysis of High Speed Capacitive Pipeline DACs
Design and Analysis of High Speed Capacitive Pipeline DACs

... charge/discharge switches, and charge redistribution switches. The clock feed-through caused by the data switches is not meaningful because there is always a low time-constant path either to Vref or GND. Unlike this, the feed-through related to the charge switches changes the capacitor voltage when ...
Users and designers are faced with challenges when
Users and designers are faced with challenges when

... loss as this DC power is delivered extended distances from the source. System source voltages are commonly a nominal 12V, 28V, 48V, 120V and in some cases 270V. These bus voltages are unique to differing platforms and can vary in regulation from +/10% to as much as +/-50% of the nominal value. These ...
Power MOSFET 100 Amps, 100 Volts
Power MOSFET 100 Amps, 100 Volts

... “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. ...
MAX2510 Low-Voltage IF Transceiver with Limiter/RSSI and Quadrature Modulator ________________General Description
MAX2510 Low-Voltage IF Transceiver with Limiter/RSSI and Quadrature Modulator ________________General Description

... Note 4: Driving RXIN or RXIN with a power level greater than the 1dB compression level forces the input stage out of its linear range, causing harmonic and intermodulation distortion. The RSSI output increases monotonically with increasing input levels beyond the mixer’s 1dB compression level. Inpu ...
Part 1: Choosing Flux Linkage As An Independent Variable
Part 1: Choosing Flux Linkage As An Independent Variable

DCVG Holiday Detector - EP-Tech
DCVG Holiday Detector - EP-Tech

... To undertake a DCVG survey typically, a minimum differential potential swing of 300- 500 mV is sought and the current sources output of the rectifiers is adjusted accordingly. The application of a pulsed Current enables coating defect to be distinguish from potential difference between the half- cel ...
MAX9633 Dual 36V Op Amp for 18-Bit SAR ADC Front-End EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE
MAX9633 Dual 36V Op Amp for 18-Bit SAR ADC Front-End EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE

... The MAX9633 is designed in a new 36V, high-speed complementary BiCMOS process that is optimized for excellent AC dynamic performance combined with highvoltage operation. The exceptionally fast settling time, low noise, low distortion, high bandwidth, and low input offset voltage make the IC an excel ...
MP3450/MP3500/MP3600 User Guide (V1.0)
MP3450/MP3500/MP3600 User Guide (V1.0)

... You can use the universal rechargeable battery to power any portable device. Connect MP3450/3500 to your laptop computer, portable DVD player, digital camera, digital camcorder, portable CD player, PDA, mobile phone, MP4, GPS, or other portable devices to extend their working time. As an added bonus ...
AP5726  WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Description
AP5726 WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Description

... WHITE LED STEP-UP CONVERTER Applications Information (Continued) 2. Using a DC Voltage For some applications, the preferred method of brightness control is a variable DC voltage to adjust the LED current. The dimming control using a DC voltage is shown in Figure 3. As the DC voltage increases, the v ...
How to measure…  Contents
How to measure… Contents

... There is a wide variety of flow sensors that can be used with Pico products. Flow is commonly sensed by measuring differential pressure across two points in a pipe. This can be done using the Venturi effect (by placing a restriction in the flow). An alternative approach is to use a Pitot tube. The m ...
Chapter 18
Chapter 18

600W to 2kW - Controlled Power Company
600W to 2kW - Controlled Power Company

... to meet NEMA 2 standards, rated for indoor use. Cabinet dimensions shall not exceed (22” W x 12”D x 40”H) (22” W x 12”D x 50”H) (22” W x 12”D x 74.5”H). B. The system shall operate in accordance with requirements as specified herein to support any combination of fluorescent ballast fixtures, incande ...
BDTIC TLE8880 Alternator Regulator with LIN Interface
BDTIC TLE8880 Alternator Regulator with LIN Interface

... The alternator control IC TLE8880 is a monolithic full featured regulator specifically designed for closed loop voltage control. It can be used in 12V automotive multi phase alternators with a rotating field winding. This regulator is able to communicate with an Engine-Management or Energy-Managemen ...
G6K-2F-RF-V
G6K-2F-RF-V

... the appearance may suffer and seal failure may occur after the solder mounting process. To store the Relay after opening the moisture-proof package, place it into the original package and seal the package with adhesive tape. • When washing the product after soldering the Relay to a PCB, use a water- ...
CML Semiconductor Products
CML Semiconductor Products

... good bit-error-rate under adverse signal conditions; the carrier detect time constant is set by an external capacitor, whose value should be arranged as required to further enhance this product's performance in high noise environments. This low-power device requires few external components and is av ...
< 1 ... 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report