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Design and Implementation of the ATLAS LAr Front End Board
Design and Implementation of the ATLAS LAr Front End Board

... the ADC input signal range. Data from two ADCs is received by a single Gain Selector. To reduce the required rate of digitization and the amount of data to be read out, only one gain scale will usually be digitized per channel and event. Reconstructing the pulse height for a given channel from sampl ...
Agile Mixed Signal Addresses Analog Design Challenges
Agile Mixed Signal Addresses Analog Design Challenges

VI-HAM™, VE-HAM
VI-HAM™, VE-HAM

... voltage rating of 450 Vdc, is required (across the output of the HAM) for 16 ms ride through time at full power (500 µF for half power, etc). This capacitor must be in close proximity to the HAM. Do not exceed 3,000 µF of total output capacitance. Lower values of capacitance may be used for reduced ...
LTC6360 - Very Low Noise Single-Ended SAR ADC Driver with True Zero Output
LTC6360 - Very Low Noise Single-Ended SAR ADC Driver with True Zero Output

General Specifications MODEL UM331 Digital Indicator with Alarms
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... Maximum baud rate: 9600 bps ...
Aalborg Universitet Droop-free Distributed Control for AC Microgrids
Aalborg Universitet Droop-free Distributed Control for AC Microgrids

... a single point-of-failure. Distributed cooperative control is recently introduced for AC [49]–[51] and DC microgrids [52]–[55]. Distributed control of AC microgrids are also discussed in [56]–[58] (using a ratio-consensus algorithm), [50] (a multiobjective approach), and [59]-[62] (using a distribut ...
AN2007-06 - MA300Exx, Module Adapter Boards for PrimePACK
AN2007-06 - MA300Exx, Module Adapter Boards for PrimePACK

... makes the ‘Flexible driver Starter Kit’ easy to use (Fig. 2). The ‘Flexible Starter Kit’ is dedicated for single module operation and simple PrimePACK™ paralleling. In all cases one 2ED300E17-SFO adapter board and one 2ED300C17-S driver is required. Up to three modules can be paralleled, each equipp ...
AD7621 数据手册DataSheet下载
AD7621 数据手册DataSheet下载

... operates from a single 2.5 V power supply. It contains a high speed 16-bit sampling ADC, an internal conversion clock, an internal reference (and buffer), error correction circuits, and both serial and parallel system interface ports. It features two very high sampling rate modes (wideband warp and ...
Research Article Impact Factor: 4.226 ISSN: 2319-507X
Research Article Impact Factor: 4.226 ISSN: 2319-507X

... due to its simple structure [14] [19]. In an isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter it has more than 4 switches and an isolated transformer. This transformer has higher conduction losses and lower efficiency as compared to non isolated bidirectional converter [1][15]-[18]. In order to solve the prob ...
Signal Processing for Smart Sensors
Signal Processing for Smart Sensors

... The deposition of materials after a conventional CMOS process allows us to sense physical or chemical quantities. For humidity the variation of the dielectric constant in polyimide layers is normally exploited. Fig. 19 shows the structure of a humidity sensor compatible with a conventional CMOS tech ...
Aalborg Universitet Microgrids in Active Network Management-Part II
Aalborg Universitet Microgrids in Active Network Management-Part II

A1000 Cheat Sheet (Closed Loop Operation)
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Design of Two Stage Ultra Low Power CMOS Operational
Design of Two Stage Ultra Low Power CMOS Operational

... used in a vast array of consumer, industrial, and scientific portable monitoring systems such as data converters, fourquadrant multipliers, mixers, modulators and continuous-time filters. Unbuffered operational amplifiers (voltage controlled current sources) are direct couple high differential gain ...
ADS804 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
ADS804 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... In some applications the analog input signal may already be biased at a level which complies with the selected input range and reference level of the ADS804. In this case, it is only necessary to provide an adequately low source impedance to the selected input, IN or IN. Always consider wideband op ...
AD7679 数据手册DataSheet下载
AD7679 数据手册DataSheet下载

... In all modes except MODE = 3, this output is used as Bit 10 of the parallel port data output bus. When MODE = 3 (serial mode), this output, part of the serial port, is used as a serial data output synchronized to SCLK. Conversion results are stored in an on-chip register. The AD7679 provides the con ...
Digital Pulse Processing in Nuclear Physics
Digital Pulse Processing in Nuclear Physics

... that are then acquired, saved and analyzed by a computer. In most applications, the quantities  of  interest  are  the   particle  energy  (proportional  to  the  charge  released  by  the  particle  in  the detector) and the time of arrival; in  some cases the acquisition is restricted to the simpl ...
The Joy of Precision Analog: True System-on
The Joy of Precision Analog: True System-on

... to be used for medical, life support, life saving, critical control or safety applications, unless pursuant to an express written agreement with Cypress. Furthermore, Cypress does not authorize its products for use as critical components in life-support systems where a malfunction or failure may rea ...
LTC4080
LTC4080

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DACs

... For a ‘Non-Multiplying DAC’, Vref is a constant value set internally by the manufacturer For a ‘Multiplying DAC’, Vref is set externally and can be varied ...
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon  Power Management & Multimarket
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon Power Management & Multimarket

... development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Inco ...
Appendix F - Testing Results of Electrical Components
Appendix F - Testing Results of Electrical Components

... duration to turn on. At the same time, the rated value for the duration of the pulse was 2 s. In order to ensure that no pulse longer than 2 s was used, an RC filter was used in conjunction with a MOSFET driver to ground the valve input voltage after the time constant of the filter. The MOSFET drive ...
Voltage Regulation at Sites With Distributed
Voltage Regulation at Sites With Distributed

... In large power systems, the effect of a short term excess or lack of generation does not greatly affect the performance of the network. However, when the network is relatively small, such as an industrial installation, an imbalance in generation can quickly lead to an uncontrolled situation. Methods ...
Glossary of Terms For the Electric Utility Industry
Glossary of Terms For the Electric Utility Industry

... A standard system used in the United States for designating the size of an electrical conductor based on a geometric progression between two conductor sizes. AMF (Lighting) – Average Maintained Foot-candles Amorphous Semiconductor – A non-crystalline semiconductor material used in photovoltaic panel ...
LOW NOISE DC POWER SUPPLIES Vaclav Papez Stanislava Papezova
LOW NOISE DC POWER SUPPLIES Vaclav Papez Stanislava Papezova

... The filter is realized as a crystal notch filter with very narrow frequency characteristics. Spectral analyzer Rohde-Schwarz ESPI is used for evaluation of signal spectrum. The low noise amplifier with a noise figure 3 dB and a gain 43 dB was added between the filter output and analyser input for de ...
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon AN2011-04  MA3L080E07_EVAL Evaluation Adapter Board for EconoPACK
BDTIC www.BDTIC.com/infineon AN2011-04 MA3L080E07_EVAL Evaluation Adapter Board for EconoPACK

... The short circuit protection of the outer high side and outer low side IGBTs are based on the monitoring of the VCE voltage for the corresponding IGBT using the active clamp feature as represented in Figure 9. If the IGBT conducts a current a few times higher than the nominal value, the transistor d ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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