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STATIC BYPASS SWITCH STS207 LV
STATIC BYPASS SWITCH STS207 LV

... bypass mains supply. The transfer time between the two inputs is less than 4ms. Therefore the use within an IT environment is possible. The STS monitors both incoming sources according to the voltage level, frequency and their synchronization. In combination with the inverter series INV215/222 the u ...
3-Level Power Modules – Our Contacts for Your 3
3-Level Power Modules – Our Contacts for Your 3

... Applications ...
August 2014
August 2014

... test fixture and this procedure are also educational if you are vague on RS-232, RS-485, current loops or fiber optic systems. ...
Design Methodology of LLC Resonant Converters for Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers
Design Methodology of LLC Resonant Converters for Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers

... charger are significantly different from those for regular passive load applications. In this paper, some general design guidelines for resistive load are discussed based on the FHA analysis of the LLC converter in Section II. The impacts of battery load characteristics that relate to the charging p ...
D A TA SHEET F112 - FLOW RA TE INDIC A TOR / TO TALIZER
D A TA SHEET F112 - FLOW RA TE INDIC A TOR / TO TALIZER

... flow meters signal. In addition to the average K-Factor or Span, fifteen linearization points can be entered with there frequencies or values. The unit will interpolate between these points greatly enhancing accuracy in any flowrange. Even for very low frequency applications is catered for. This lin ...
Parameter Finding Methods for Oscillators with a Specified
Parameter Finding Methods for Oscillators with a Specified

... INTRODUCTION ...
FL77904 - Phase-cut Dimmable Compact LED Direct AC Driver
FL77904 - Phase-cut Dimmable Compact LED Direct AC Driver

... components (RCS and CVDD). With 4 integrated high voltage current sink, LED current in each string is precisely controlled with system compactness. High PF and low THD are obtained by the optimized current sink levels. Phase-cut dimming is easily obtained with wide dimming range and good dimmer comp ...
Servo Amplifier PMA 90 / 180
Servo Amplifier PMA 90 / 180

... VIC is the voltage integrator capacitor (factory standard setting - VIC=SHORT). For current mode the wire jumper or 0 Ohm resistor should be left in place. Changing of the wire jumper with a capacitor is necessary for all velocity, open loop and analogue position modes. Proceed with CIR and CIC opti ...
i-STS Model W Product Manual
i-STS Model W Product Manual

... The integral maintenance bypass switch should be used when the user is sure that the supplies are both available of the same magnitude and phase. If the STS is on Supply 1 then the maintenance bypass switch should only be operated to position 1. Similarly if the is on Supply 2 then the maintenance b ...
Automatic Gain Control (AGC) in Receivers
Automatic Gain Control (AGC) in Receivers

... incoming signal can vary over a wide dynamic range. The role of the AGC circuit is to provide a relatively constant output amplitude so that circuits following the AGC circuit require less dynamic range. If the signal level changes are much slower than the information rate contained in the signal, t ...
AD652 - Analog Devices
AD652 - Analog Devices

... one clock period for reset and three clock periods of integrate. This is shown in Figure 5. If the input current is increased by a very small amount, the output frequency should also increase by a very small amount. Initially, however, no output change is observed for a very small increase in the in ...
to this file: /unr15-25w
to this file: /unr15-25w

... UNR D3 Series DC/DC converters do not incorporate output overvoltage protection. In the extremely rare situation in which the device’s feedback loop is broken, the output voltage may run to excessively high levels (VOUT = VIN). If it is absolutely imperative that you protect your load against any an ...
S. Lim, D.M. Otten and D.J. Perreault, “AC-DC Power Factor Correction Architecture Suitable for High Frequency Operation,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , (to appear).
S. Lim, D.M. Otten and D.J. Perreault, “AC-DC Power Factor Correction Architecture Suitable for High Frequency Operation,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , (to appear).

... load [1]–[3]. While power factor has been traditionally considered important mainly at higher power levels, it is of increasing concern at lower power levels as well (e.g., 10’s of watt), as reflected in goals for applications such as light-emitting diode (LED) drivers and laptop chargers [4], [5]. ...
BD8132FV
BD8132FV

... The OSC generates the frequency that determines the Amp's refresh time. External input can be selected using serial input. (For the BD8139AEFV, external input is selected using the external pin.) ・Power On Reset When the digital power supply DVCC is activated, each IC generates a reset signal to ini ...
AD7453 Pseudo Differential, 555 kSPS 12-Bit ADC in an 8
AD7453 Pseudo Differential, 555 kSPS 12-Bit ADC in an 8

... The AD7453 is a 12-bit, high speed, low power, successive approximation (SAR) analog-to-digital converter that features a pseudo differential analog input. This part operates from a single 2.7 V to 5.25 V power supply and features throughput rates up to 555 kSPS. The part contains a low noise, wide ...
New AC-DC Power Factor Correction Architecture Suitable for High
New AC-DC Power Factor Correction Architecture Suitable for High

... load [1]–[3]. While power factor has been traditionally considered important mainly at higher power levels, it is of increasing concern at lower power levels as well (e.g., 10’s of watt), as reflected in goals for applications such as light-emitting diode (LED) drivers and laptop chargers [4], [5]. ...
HTPS-400 OM - JBL Synthesis
HTPS-400 OM - JBL Synthesis

... 22. When replacement parts are required, be sure the service technician has used replacement parts specified by the manufacturer or that have the same characteristics as the original part. Unauthorized substitutions may result in fire, electric shock or other hazards. 23. Upon completion of any serv ...
LTC2313-12 - Linear Technology
LTC2313-12 - Linear Technology

... nn Sleep Mode with < 1µA Typical Supply Current nn Nap Mode with Quick Wake-Up < 1 Conversion nn Separate 1.8V to 5V Digital I/O Supply nn High Speed SPI-Compatible Serial I/O nn Guaranteed Operation from –40°C to 125°C nn 8-Lead TSOT-23 Package nn ...
A Current-Feedback Instrumentation Amplifier With 5 V Offset for
A Current-Feedback Instrumentation Amplifier With 5 V Offset for

... amplifier must be able to suppress a large input CM voltage, while also generating a ground-referred output voltage. Focusing on the specific application of monitoring load currents in laptops, a few specifications can be derived. Nowadays, laptop battery voltages range up to 15 V and are expected t ...
TT2D User Manual - Electronic Devices, Inc.
TT2D User Manual - Electronic Devices, Inc.

... Connect the TT-2D XDUCER output to a transducer using the provided test cable. Turn the power on and the TT-2D will go through a self-test routine while displaying the battery voltage. While the TT-2D is in the self-test mode, the contrast may be changed and stored by pressing buttons ‘A’ or ‘B’. Wh ...
CLC021 - Texas Instruments
CLC021 - Texas Instruments

Stray voltage
Stray voltage

... one end of a long milk tube, had to be raised to more than 1000V to induce a cow response. Most electronic sensors use sensing voltages well below 10V. Similar studies have shown that rubber or plastic milk tubes have very high impedance (in excess of 15,000 ohms per meter), even at peak milk flow r ...
Static Line Ultramicrotomy Accessories Static Line Ionizer
Static Line Ultramicrotomy Accessories Static Line Ionizer

... research we have developed the "Static-Line" II. The "Static-Line II simplifies the handling and use. It allows for the adjustment of the voltage by the turn of a dial. No longer is it necessary to change the distance of the ionizer from the knife to obtain the correct ion emission as was with the " ...
Low-power low-noise analog circuits for on-focal-plane
Low-power low-noise analog circuits for on-focal-plane

... The critical issue in high resolution focal-plane readout design for ultra-low background applications is the system noise. There are several sources of noise in a conventional IR focal-plane array (FPA). Apart from the electronic noise in the readout unit cell, clock pick-up constitutes a major sou ...
AD8351 数据手册DataSheet 下载
AD8351 数据手册DataSheet 下载

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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