• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
MAX2117EVKIT
MAX2117EVKIT

... paddle for maximum heat dissipation. Use abundant ground vias between RF traces to minimize undesired ...
Installation Instructions
Installation Instructions

... Loosen jam nuts for both the CW and CCW travel stops. Manually operate the actuator CW until the CW limit switch trips. Then turn the CW travel stop bolt (right ) clockwise until the bolt touches the worm gear. Turn the travel stop bolt counter clockwise three turns and tighten the jam nut. Manually ...
a PDF (large) - Boston Electronics Corporation
a PDF (large) - Boston Electronics Corporation

how to use photomultiplier tubes and peripheral circuits
how to use photomultiplier tubes and peripheral circuits

Understanding True CMOS Outputs
Understanding True CMOS Outputs

... function as multi-purpose pins (while in manufacturing mode) and are used by manufacturers for functions such as programming or special test. Over-voltages applied to these pins may cause the device to enter into special operating modes which may cause erratic results. For this reason it is critical ...
AppNote: Configuring the PAC52XX CAFE for Different Control
AppNote: Configuring the PAC52XX CAFE for Different Control

... Each differential amplifier in the PAC52XX has two protection comparators that can be used to trigger protection events. The state of these comparators is also accessible by the MCU by status registers. The High-speed Protection (HP) comparators compare the positive input of the differential signal ...
Online risk-based security assessment
Online risk-based security assessment

... security assessment. We have identified criteria for a good severity function to be used in OL-RBSA. First, the severity function should reflect the consequence of the contingency and loading condition, rather than the consequences of an operator’s decision. For example, operator-initiated load curt ...
D.S. Lymar, T.C. Neugebauer, and D.J. Perreault, “Coupled-Magnetic Filters with Adaptive Inductance Cancellation,” 2005 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference , June 2005, pp. 590-600.
D.S. Lymar, T.C. Neugebauer, and D.J. Perreault, “Coupled-Magnetic Filters with Adaptive Inductance Cancellation,” 2005 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference , June 2005, pp. 590-600.

... magnetics (e.g. by realizing inductors LA and LB in Fig. 1 with a coupled magnetic circuit wound on a single core). Coupled magnetics have been used with capacitors to achieve “notch” filtering [5]–[8], as well as so-called “zero-ripple” filtering [9]– [13]. Despite the name “zero-ripple,” it has be ...
SP3232EU 数据资料DataSheet下载
SP3232EU 数据资料DataSheet下载

... portable systems. Its receivers remain active in shutdown mode, allowing external devices such as modems to be monitored using only 1 µA supply current. ...
DAC8501 - Texas Instruments
DAC8501 - Texas Instruments

... optimizations. The resistor string in the DAC8531 is disconnected from the reference input when power-down mode is entered, but in the DAC8501, the resistor string continues to draw current from the reference input during power-down mode. The DAC8501 has slightly different offset characteristics fro ...
Causes and Effects of Transient Voltages
Causes and Effects of Transient Voltages

8245 - SK Engineering Academy
8245 - SK Engineering Academy

... So it is called as rising characteristic machine. 22. What do you mean by saturation of field pole? If we are going on increasing the field current, after certain limit, any more rise in current will not have a rise in flux. This condition is called saturation of field poles. 23. Name the parts of a ...
Limits for Voltage Unbalance in the Electricity Supply System
Limits for Voltage Unbalance in the Electricity Supply System

... various system components were linear and identical for each phase, and if all loads were balanced and three-phase in nature, the voltages would remain balanced. However, many low voltage loads are single phase and at higher voltages some large single-phase loads may be connected (e.g. rotating mach ...
VPhase VX1 Technical Specification
VPhase VX1 Technical Specification

Need to fix broken links [quote author=Mike Sokol link=topic
Need to fix broken links [quote author=Mike Sokol link=topic

... to power single-phase linear loads (like heating elements) that draw a perfectly balanced load and return no current. Other 240V circuits use a 4-wire system (Hot, Hot, Ground, Neutral.) They include a single Neutral wire to provide a safe return for small 120V accessories in stoves and dryers like ...
CMX469A 1200/2400/4800 Baud FFSK/MSK Modem
CMX469A 1200/2400/4800 Baud FFSK/MSK Modem

... The transmitter and receiver operate entirely independently, including the individual section powersave functions. The CMX469A includes on-chip circuitry for Carrier Detect and Rx Clock recovery, both of which are made available as output pins. Rx, Tx and Carrier Detect paths contain bandpass filter ...
MMSD3070  Small Signal Diode MMSD3070 — Small Signal Diode
MMSD3070 Small Signal Diode MMSD3070 — Small Signal Diode

... Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation's Anti-Counterfeiting Policy. Fairchild's Anti-Counterfeiting Policy is also stated on our external website, www.fairchildsemi.com, under Sales Support. Counterfeiting of semiconductor parts is a growing problem in the industry. All manufacturers of semiconductor ...
High Voltage Engineering
High Voltage Engineering

... As for testing of insulation, the load is primarily a capacitive one, a compensation of this capacitive load by low voltage reactors, which are in parallel to the primary windings, is possible. As these reactors must be switched in accordance to the variable load, however, one usually tries to avoid ...
DENDROXRAY Closed System User Manual1.02a.02a
DENDROXRAY Closed System User Manual1.02a.02a

... With the exception of a shielding around the X-ray tube for the rays that not belongs to the user beam, the DENDROXRAY 2 system has no further shielding against the X rays. The X-ray tube of the DENDROXRAY 2 system has to be built-in into an irradiation room, which protects the operators against all ...
Paktron System Summary
Paktron System Summary

... HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCHING POWER INPUTS As the modern power converter broke the 100 KHz switching frequency barrier, the ripple voltage and RFI control components changed drastically. On the input side of 48 volt converters, a low ESR and ESL capacitor is needed in the pi filter network to control EMI ...
ULTRA splice ,fiber , cleaver, blade, general rubbing alcohol, tex
ULTRA splice ,fiber , cleaver, blade, general rubbing alcohol, tex

... Light source for fiber optics act as light transmitters and, consequently , must meet certain requirements if they are to be acceptable for the purpose. First, their light must be as nearly monochromatic (Single frequency) as possible. Most light source are not single frequency, but emit light at se ...
Vitalizer Mk2-T
Vitalizer Mk2-T

APC by Schneider Electric
APC by Schneider Electric

... 2. Input Current Total Harmonic Distortion: The input current THDI shall be held to 5% or less at full system, while providing conditioned power to the critical load bus, and charging the batteries under steady-state operating conditions. This shall be true while supporting loads of both a linear or ...
PAM2308 Description Pin Assignments
PAM2308 Description Pin Assignments

... Higher values, lower cost ceramic capacitors are now becoming available in smaller case sizes. Their high ripple current, high voltage rating and low ESR make them ideal for switching regulator applications. Using ceramic capacitors can achieve very low output ripple and small circuit size. When cho ...
SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION for ASCO 7000 Series Soft Load
SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION for ASCO 7000 Series Soft Load

... Power Transfer Switch A. The power transfer switch shall be electrically operated and mechanically held. The electrical operator shall be a momentarily energized, solenoid mechanism. Main operators that include over-current disconnect devices; linear motors or gears shall not be acceptable. B. All t ...
< 1 ... 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 ... 1202 >

Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report