Methods for detecting ground faults in medium-voltage
... therefore, generate harmonics. On the other hand, normal nonlinear loads, such as motor centers, power inverters, and arc furnaces, also generate significant harmonics, especially odd harmonics. What we want are signal quantities that mostly reveal the signatures of HIFs but vanish under normal syst ...
... therefore, generate harmonics. On the other hand, normal nonlinear loads, such as motor centers, power inverters, and arc furnaces, also generate significant harmonics, especially odd harmonics. What we want are signal quantities that mostly reveal the signatures of HIFs but vanish under normal syst ...
Evaluation Board User Guide UG-188
... circuitry, damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy ESD. Therefore, proper ESD precautions should be taken to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Legal Terms and Conditions By using the evaluation board discussed herein (together with any tools, components documentati ...
... circuitry, damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy ESD. Therefore, proper ESD precautions should be taken to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Legal Terms and Conditions By using the evaluation board discussed herein (together with any tools, components documentati ...
autorización para la digitalización, depósito y divulgación en acceso
... energy produced by those devices is stored in 24V lead acid batteries. The two 12V solar panels are connected in series to form the PV array. This increases the voltage by a factor of two and maintains an output current equal to that of a single solar panel. ...
... energy produced by those devices is stored in 24V lead acid batteries. The two 12V solar panels are connected in series to form the PV array. This increases the voltage by a factor of two and maintains an output current equal to that of a single solar panel. ...
ELEC34 - aes journals
... currents that bring forth considerable mechanical and thermal stresses, consequently prompting damage to the rotor and the stator as well. Even so, the induction motor rotor faults by and large onset from a minuscule crevice or a high resistivity spot in the rotor bar. This spot shows temperature in ...
... currents that bring forth considerable mechanical and thermal stresses, consequently prompting damage to the rotor and the stator as well. Even so, the induction motor rotor faults by and large onset from a minuscule crevice or a high resistivity spot in the rotor bar. This spot shows temperature in ...
BCP5616Q Description Applications
... Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein: A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: ...
... Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein: A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: ...
Formulations and a Computer-Aided Test Method for the
... the intensity of the modulated electric signals being amplified, thereby introducing time constants in the electrical transfer functions of the devices. In the context of multitone IMD analysis [7], [8], [14], the consequence of memory effects is that each discrete IMD product in the frequency spect ...
... the intensity of the modulated electric signals being amplified, thereby introducing time constants in the electrical transfer functions of the devices. In the context of multitone IMD analysis [7], [8], [14], the consequence of memory effects is that each discrete IMD product in the frequency spect ...
Agilent Network Analyzer Basics - Steven M. Anlage Research Page
... This module is not about computer networks! When the name “network analyzer” was coined many years ago, there were no such things as computer networks. Back then, networks always referred to electrical networks. Today, when we refer to the things that network analyzers measure, we speak mostly about ...
... This module is not about computer networks! When the name “network analyzer” was coined many years ago, there were no such things as computer networks. Back then, networks always referred to electrical networks. Today, when we refer to the things that network analyzers measure, we speak mostly about ...
68 Voltage and Current in Simple Circuits (Voltage Sensor, Current
... coulomb of charge. Current is the volume of electric charge, or the number of charges per second moving past a point in an electric circuit. The unit for current is the ampere and one ampere is one coulomb of charge per second. In a simple circuit of a battery connected to a light bulb, the battery ...
... coulomb of charge. Current is the volume of electric charge, or the number of charges per second moving past a point in an electric circuit. The unit for current is the ampere and one ampere is one coulomb of charge per second. In a simple circuit of a battery connected to a light bulb, the battery ...
AN2446
... All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and service ...
... All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and service ...
PAM2305D Description Pin Assignments
... This formula has a maximum at VIN = 2VOUT, where IRMS = IOUT /2. This simple worst-case condition is commonly used for design because even significant deviations do not offer much relief. Note that the capacitor manufacturer's ripple current ratings are often based on 2000 hours of life. This makes ...
... This formula has a maximum at VIN = 2VOUT, where IRMS = IOUT /2. This simple worst-case condition is commonly used for design because even significant deviations do not offer much relief. Note that the capacitor manufacturer's ripple current ratings are often based on 2000 hours of life. This makes ...
Emitter Current Bias Quick Review
... Our design differs from the simulation because we neglected the base current. There is no point in including the base current, since we will build the circuit using resistors that come only in standard sizes and with 5% tolerances attached to their values. The closest available resistors in the RCA ...
... Our design differs from the simulation because we neglected the base current. There is no point in including the base current, since we will build the circuit using resistors that come only in standard sizes and with 5% tolerances attached to their values. The closest available resistors in the RCA ...
Applications User Manual
... Information required about the application .................................................................................................. 5-2 Motor maximum speed ...................................................................................................................................... ...
... Information required about the application .................................................................................................. 5-2 Motor maximum speed ...................................................................................................................................... ...
oscilloscope applications guidebook
... sampling is synchronized with the trigger signal, usually one sample per cycle of the input. Samples are taken at slightly increasing intervals after each trigger, so that one complete cycle is stored after many cycles of the input. Equivalent time sampling allows a waveform to be digitized using a ...
... sampling is synchronized with the trigger signal, usually one sample per cycle of the input. Samples are taken at slightly increasing intervals after each trigger, so that one complete cycle is stored after many cycles of the input. Equivalent time sampling allows a waveform to be digitized using a ...
Torque Estimation of Double Fed Induction Generator using a
... The breakdowns are statistical consistent. This could indicate that the gearbox is designed or manufactured with poor quality or inadequately strength and robustness. The gearbox quality level has been researched and verified and according to calculations the design is sufficient. The calculations a ...
... The breakdowns are statistical consistent. This could indicate that the gearbox is designed or manufactured with poor quality or inadequately strength and robustness. The gearbox quality level has been researched and verified and according to calculations the design is sufficient. The calculations a ...
15.4 Emitter-Coupled Logic (ECL)
... an important source of noise in digital circuits. This is a definite advantage, especially since ECL is usually designed to operate with small signal swings and has correspondingly low noise margins. 3. The output signal levels are both referenced to VCC and thus can be made particularly stable by o ...
... an important source of noise in digital circuits. This is a definite advantage, especially since ECL is usually designed to operate with small signal swings and has correspondingly low noise margins. 3. The output signal levels are both referenced to VCC and thus can be made particularly stable by o ...
AN29 - Some Thoughts on DC/DC Converters
... slew limited drive, eliminating the high speed harmonics normally associated with this type converter. L1’s output is rectified, filtered and regulated to obtain the final out- ...
... slew limited drive, eliminating the high speed harmonics normally associated with this type converter. L1’s output is rectified, filtered and regulated to obtain the final out- ...
Hand-Drawn Circuit Diagrams for all circuits that are to
... voltage level beyond the range of the power source voltages, ±V CC, For example, if the gain tries to drive the output above 5V, the op-amp is not supplied with enough voltage to get it that high and the output will cut off at the most it can produce. This is never quite as high as 5V because of the ...
... voltage level beyond the range of the power source voltages, ±V CC, For example, if the gain tries to drive the output above 5V, the op-amp is not supplied with enough voltage to get it that high and the output will cut off at the most it can produce. This is never quite as high as 5V because of the ...
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)
... employed to reduce the power dissipation are recycling the energy that might be stored in nodal capacitances, reduction in transitions ( 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 ), reduction in voltages and currents , and so on. The techniques based on operation at very low currents usually below the normal conduction regi ...
... employed to reduce the power dissipation are recycling the energy that might be stored in nodal capacitances, reduction in transitions ( 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 ), reduction in voltages and currents , and so on. The techniques based on operation at very low currents usually below the normal conduction regi ...
SN54221, SN54LS221, SN74221, SN74LS221
... Throughout these ranges, pulse width is defined by the relationship: tw(out) = CextRext In2 ≈ 0.7 CextRext. In circuits where pulse cutoff is not critical, timing capacitance up to 1000 µF and timing resistance as low as 1.4 kΩ can be used. Also, the range of jitter-free output pulse widths is exten ...
... Throughout these ranges, pulse width is defined by the relationship: tw(out) = CextRext In2 ≈ 0.7 CextRext. In circuits where pulse cutoff is not critical, timing capacitance up to 1000 µF and timing resistance as low as 1.4 kΩ can be used. Also, the range of jitter-free output pulse widths is exten ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.