CISCO, Semester 1, Chapter 1
... Analog signals also have advantages: Signals can be easily mutilplexed; that is signals can be combined to increase bandwidth. Signals are less vulnerable to the problem of attenuation (signal loss due to surroundings) because of distance so they can travel farther without becoming too weak for re ...
... Analog signals also have advantages: Signals can be easily mutilplexed; that is signals can be combined to increase bandwidth. Signals are less vulnerable to the problem of attenuation (signal loss due to surroundings) because of distance so they can travel farther without becoming too weak for re ...
600 Watt SMB Transient Voltage Suppressor, 12 V, Bidirectional
... voltage to the clamp voltage as shown in Figure 4. The inductive effects in the device are due to actual turn-on time (time required for the device to go from zero current to full current) and lead inductance. This inductive effect produces an overshoot in the voltage across the equipment or compone ...
... voltage to the clamp voltage as shown in Figure 4. The inductive effects in the device are due to actual turn-on time (time required for the device to go from zero current to full current) and lead inductance. This inductive effect produces an overshoot in the voltage across the equipment or compone ...
Component Selection
... Minimum Drop Across Regulator = 1.7V (spec) Maximum Ripple Voltage = 1V (guess) Drop Across Rectifier Diodes = 0.7 or 1.4V Therefore, for C.T. Transformer: • Vpk = 5+1.7+1+0.7 = 8.4V = 5.9VRMS ...
... Minimum Drop Across Regulator = 1.7V (spec) Maximum Ripple Voltage = 1V (guess) Drop Across Rectifier Diodes = 0.7 or 1.4V Therefore, for C.T. Transformer: • Vpk = 5+1.7+1+0.7 = 8.4V = 5.9VRMS ...
Document
... The downward trend of physical activity in children is of great concern to public health because it is directly linked to the growing epidemics of obesity and osteoporosis. Research has shown that the intensity of weight-bearing activities is the most crucial factor in developing bone mass and stren ...
... The downward trend of physical activity in children is of great concern to public health because it is directly linked to the growing epidemics of obesity and osteoporosis. Research has shown that the intensity of weight-bearing activities is the most crucial factor in developing bone mass and stren ...
Test Procedure for the NCP690, 1A, Adjustable LDO Test Setup:
... R1, R2 - Feedback Resistors required to set the Output Voltage. Test Procedure: The feedback resistors R1 and R2 have to be soldered before any measurement could be started (Figure 1). Please use the following equation to determine the appropriate value of feedback resistors to be soldered on the ...
... R1, R2 - Feedback Resistors required to set the Output Voltage. Test Procedure: The feedback resistors R1 and R2 have to be soldered before any measurement could be started (Figure 1). Please use the following equation to determine the appropriate value of feedback resistors to be soldered on the ...
1
... (2) You are given the circuit of Figure 2. The circuit is initially at rest, that is, all initial conditions for voltages and currents are zero. The indicated switch is moved from position 1 to position 2 at t = 0. (a) Derive the differential equation necessary for solving for i(t), t>O. Use R, L, C ...
... (2) You are given the circuit of Figure 2. The circuit is initially at rest, that is, all initial conditions for voltages and currents are zero. The indicated switch is moved from position 1 to position 2 at t = 0. (a) Derive the differential equation necessary for solving for i(t), t>O. Use R, L, C ...
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... is a short-duration (typically 0.5 to 30 cycles) reduction in rms voltage caused by faults on the power system and the starting of large loads, such as motors. Momentary interruptions (typically no more than 2 to 5 s) cause a complete loss of voltage and are a common result of the actions taken by u ...
... is a short-duration (typically 0.5 to 30 cycles) reduction in rms voltage caused by faults on the power system and the starting of large loads, such as motors. Momentary interruptions (typically no more than 2 to 5 s) cause a complete loss of voltage and are a common result of the actions taken by u ...
Circuit with partlist and explanation of how it works
... plugged in at 230V, this means UC1 will be zero Volts, so the batteries will provide power. U2 then uses this power to regulate 5V between Gnd and Out. For information on this part of the circuit, read [2]. C2 is placed to smoothen out any voltage changes that may occur when the power source is chan ...
... plugged in at 230V, this means UC1 will be zero Volts, so the batteries will provide power. U2 then uses this power to regulate 5V between Gnd and Out. For information on this part of the circuit, read [2]. C2 is placed to smoothen out any voltage changes that may occur when the power source is chan ...
Switch_Mode_Inverters
... • T1 is ON (and T2 is OFF): vo=Vd/n, where n is the transformer turns ratio. • T2 is ON (and T1 is OFF): vo= - Vd/n • The peak value of the fundamental component of the output voltage: Vo1= ma (Vd/n) ...
... • T1 is ON (and T2 is OFF): vo=Vd/n, where n is the transformer turns ratio. • T2 is ON (and T1 is OFF): vo= - Vd/n • The peak value of the fundamental component of the output voltage: Vo1= ma (Vd/n) ...
The power factor
... power factor (such as induction motors) can be corrected with a passive network of capacitors or inductors. This filter reduces the harmonic current, which means that the non-linear device now looks like a linear load. A passive power factor correction is used for low loads (typically less then 100W ...
... power factor (such as induction motors) can be corrected with a passive network of capacitors or inductors. This filter reduces the harmonic current, which means that the non-linear device now looks like a linear load. A passive power factor correction is used for low loads (typically less then 100W ...
An Introduction to Digital Control of Switching Power Converters
... analog PWM usually operates by triggering ON at a clock transition and triggering OFF when a fixed voltage “ramp” reaches a pre-set trip voltage. The distinction is important because it leads to many of the advantages, and challenges, associated with digital control. Ahead of the DPWM is a “control ...
... analog PWM usually operates by triggering ON at a clock transition and triggering OFF when a fixed voltage “ramp” reaches a pre-set trip voltage. The distinction is important because it leads to many of the advantages, and challenges, associated with digital control. Ahead of the DPWM is a “control ...
Power Quality Issues
... • Draws uncharacteristic triplen harmonics • Triplen harmonic current can lead to undesirable harmonic problems • Excessive thermal stress on diodes ...
... • Draws uncharacteristic triplen harmonics • Triplen harmonic current can lead to undesirable harmonic problems • Excessive thermal stress on diodes ...
Development of a Compact Three-Phase Induction Motor Drive
... motor drives course. The induction motor is essentially a constant speed machine if a constant voltage and frequency source is connected [1]. When the load torque increases, the induction motor speed drop will be minimal, which is the advantage for the constant speed applications. Many single chip m ...
... motor drives course. The induction motor is essentially a constant speed machine if a constant voltage and frequency source is connected [1]. When the load torque increases, the induction motor speed drop will be minimal, which is the advantage for the constant speed applications. Many single chip m ...
ICL7107 Digital LED Voltmeter
... of 0.1V. The voltmeter is based on single ICL7107 chip and may be fitted on a small 3cm x 7cm printed circuit board. The circuit should be supplied with a 5V voltage supply and consumes only around 25mA. ...
... of 0.1V. The voltmeter is based on single ICL7107 chip and may be fitted on a small 3cm x 7cm printed circuit board. The circuit should be supplied with a 5V voltage supply and consumes only around 25mA. ...
The highest sound quality at all volume levels, flat frequency
... predicted future to make adjustments keeps the amp loadindependent. Hundreds of computer simulations were used to test and optimize this system so that it is able to handle all possible loads. This is a significant design achievement. Whether you are running the M1 from a 120V circuit or a 240V circ ...
... predicted future to make adjustments keeps the amp loadindependent. Hundreds of computer simulations were used to test and optimize this system so that it is able to handle all possible loads. This is a significant design achievement. Whether you are running the M1 from a 120V circuit or a 240V circ ...
Yamaha Power Amplifier White Paper
... original audio signal cannot be recovered. The audio signal’s frequency response, distortion, and damping factor are affected by the low-pass filter. High power PWM signals also have the side effect of emitting harmonic electromagnetic (EMC) waves within the radio frequency range of up to a few mega ...
... original audio signal cannot be recovered. The audio signal’s frequency response, distortion, and damping factor are affected by the low-pass filter. High power PWM signals also have the side effect of emitting harmonic electromagnetic (EMC) waves within the radio frequency range of up to a few mega ...
Pulse-width modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.