labs for the photon/photon2 experiment kit
... 2. Helium was discovered on the sun before it was seen on Earth. How can that be? 3. Spectral lines of elements are the same in space as they are on Earth. If a star if moving, the light it emits may be Doppler shifted when seen from Earth. This causes a star's light to appear redder or bluer, depen ...
... 2. Helium was discovered on the sun before it was seen on Earth. How can that be? 3. Spectral lines of elements are the same in space as they are on Earth. If a star if moving, the light it emits may be Doppler shifted when seen from Earth. This causes a star's light to appear redder or bluer, depen ...
Tolerancing Optical Systems
... • Most optical surfaces are measured against a reference surface called a test plate – The radius tolerance typically applies to the test plate – The surface departure from this will then be specified i.e. 4 fringes (or rings) power, 1 fringe irregularity ...
... • Most optical surfaces are measured against a reference surface called a test plate – The radius tolerance typically applies to the test plate – The surface departure from this will then be specified i.e. 4 fringes (or rings) power, 1 fringe irregularity ...
5377 17paper
... aberrations have unique character in the manner which they influence specific portions of a lens pupil, the test target can be designed so that it is most sensitive to particular aberration types and order. Rather than spatially, it is convenient to examine this object structure in the frequency dom ...
... aberrations have unique character in the manner which they influence specific portions of a lens pupil, the test target can be designed so that it is most sensitive to particular aberration types and order. Rather than spatially, it is convenient to examine this object structure in the frequency dom ...
Quantitative prediction of the modulation behavior of twisted nematic liquid
... the response of ideal optical elements which are designed as phase-only or amplitude-only functions. This coupling effect may be reduced by the design of elements adapted to the restricted coding domain of SLMs [4,5]. Another approach consists in looking for the configuration of polarizing elements ...
... the response of ideal optical elements which are designed as phase-only or amplitude-only functions. This coupling effect may be reduced by the design of elements adapted to the restricted coding domain of SLMs [4,5]. Another approach consists in looking for the configuration of polarizing elements ...
INVESTIGATION OF INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS FOR HIGH
... diverge. It is usually formed from a piece of shaped high purity glass or plastic. A high precision lens is manufactured with very high tolerances, and a slight defect in the lens can cause it to focus the light beam improperly, making it completely ineffective for its intended purpose. The optical ...
... diverge. It is usually formed from a piece of shaped high purity glass or plastic. A high precision lens is manufactured with very high tolerances, and a slight defect in the lens can cause it to focus the light beam improperly, making it completely ineffective for its intended purpose. The optical ...
3 PROGRAMMABLE APODIZERS AND FRESNEL LENSES pupils
... By changing the amplitude transmission we can modify different characteristics of the PSF (apodization, hyperresolution) and the behavior along the axis (increase of the depth of focus, multifoci) [She88,Yzu90]. Analytical expressions for the distributions of amplitude and intensity on the point spr ...
... By changing the amplitude transmission we can modify different characteristics of the PSF (apodization, hyperresolution) and the behavior along the axis (increase of the depth of focus, multifoci) [She88,Yzu90]. Analytical expressions for the distributions of amplitude and intensity on the point spr ...
Lecture-12-Optics
... applicable. Consider a point A in the aperture whose coordinates are (y,z). The location of the origin O is determined by a perpendicular line from the source S to the aperture . The field contributions at P from the secondary sources on dS (area element at point A) is given by ...
... applicable. Consider a point A in the aperture whose coordinates are (y,z). The location of the origin O is determined by a perpendicular line from the source S to the aperture . The field contributions at P from the secondary sources on dS (area element at point A) is given by ...
Reversing Light: Negative Refraction
... a slab of negative material not only brings rays to a focus but has the capacity d) to amplify the near field so that it contributes to the image thus removing the wavelength limitation. However the resonant nature of the amplification places sever demands on materials: they must be very low loss. ...
... a slab of negative material not only brings rays to a focus but has the capacity d) to amplify the near field so that it contributes to the image thus removing the wavelength limitation. However the resonant nature of the amplification places sever demands on materials: they must be very low loss. ...
Microscope Basics
... Industry – inspection of electronic assembly components and many different materials such as metals, textiles, plastics, etc. Used in agriculture, wineries, breweries, and for fine engravings and mining inspection. Used by jewelers and geologists Teachers and students – in the educational process st ...
... Industry – inspection of electronic assembly components and many different materials such as metals, textiles, plastics, etc. Used in agriculture, wineries, breweries, and for fine engravings and mining inspection. Used by jewelers and geologists Teachers and students – in the educational process st ...
Spherical aberration compensation plates
... 2 Spherical aberration plates Spherical aberration plates work well in systems with little or no field of view. They are recommended for insertion in a pure collimated beam. If they are to be used in an imaging system with a field of view, it is recommended to put them near an aperture stop or a pupil ...
... 2 Spherical aberration plates Spherical aberration plates work well in systems with little or no field of view. They are recommended for insertion in a pure collimated beam. If they are to be used in an imaging system with a field of view, it is recommended to put them near an aperture stop or a pupil ...
Application of nonperiodic phase structures in
... sense that traditional analysis and design techniques of diffractive lenses can be used.2 As a result, various properties of these lenses were derived and used to design achromatic lenses.1,3 In Ref. 4 the abovementioned structure was investigated to make lenses athermal, and in Ref. 5 field curvatu ...
... sense that traditional analysis and design techniques of diffractive lenses can be used.2 As a result, various properties of these lenses were derived and used to design achromatic lenses.1,3 In Ref. 4 the abovementioned structure was investigated to make lenses athermal, and in Ref. 5 field curvatu ...
Observational Astronomy
... Combination of multiple elements Compact Cheap for small sizes Chromatism Difficult making many meter size lenses Heavy Impossible to make segmented lenses ...
... Combination of multiple elements Compact Cheap for small sizes Chromatism Difficult making many meter size lenses Heavy Impossible to make segmented lenses ...
TEM - Department of Mechanical Engineering
... To increase the mean free path of the electron gas interaction, a standard TEM is evacuated to low pressures, typically on the order of 10−4 Pa. The need for this is twofold: first the allowance for the voltage difference between the cathode and the ground without generating an arc, and secondly to ...
... To increase the mean free path of the electron gas interaction, a standard TEM is evacuated to low pressures, typically on the order of 10−4 Pa. The need for this is twofold: first the allowance for the voltage difference between the cathode and the ground without generating an arc, and secondly to ...
Expressive Chromatic Accumulation Buffering for Defocus Blur
... chromatic aberration (see Fig. 5), which is the chromatic differences of transverse magnifications [25]; this is often called the color fringe effect. Whereas the rays having the same tilting angle are expected to the same lateral positions, the chromatic differences make them displace along the lin ...
... chromatic aberration (see Fig. 5), which is the chromatic differences of transverse magnifications [25]; this is often called the color fringe effect. Whereas the rays having the same tilting angle are expected to the same lateral positions, the chromatic differences make them displace along the lin ...
Effect of ABCD transformations on beam paraxiality
... The concept of paraxiality applied to optical beams refers to how accurate is the paraxial approximation (PA) for describing the propagation of a light beam through a given optical system. The ondulatory foundation of the PA is based on the assumption that the complex amplitude of the field slowly v ...
... The concept of paraxiality applied to optical beams refers to how accurate is the paraxial approximation (PA) for describing the propagation of a light beam through a given optical system. The ondulatory foundation of the PA is based on the assumption that the complex amplitude of the field slowly v ...
Wavefront Aberrations
... Correction: combinations of lenses that exhibit barrel and pincushion distortion II. Ray Picture of Seidel Aberrations One approach to understanding the source of the Seidel aberrations is by considering rays of light incident on a lens surface. As described earlier, these aberrations occur because ...
... Correction: combinations of lenses that exhibit barrel and pincushion distortion II. Ray Picture of Seidel Aberrations One approach to understanding the source of the Seidel aberrations is by considering rays of light incident on a lens surface. As described earlier, these aberrations occur because ...
A spatial light modulator for ion trapping experiments
... complex systems, which go beyond the capabilities of modern supercomputers. It may yet take some time for quantum computers to factorize numbers, which are relevant for encryption purposes, in the regime of simulations however, experiments are slowly leaving the realm of proof of principle and are a ...
... complex systems, which go beyond the capabilities of modern supercomputers. It may yet take some time for quantum computers to factorize numbers, which are relevant for encryption purposes, in the regime of simulations however, experiments are slowly leaving the realm of proof of principle and are a ...
Tapered Fiber Fabrication
... distance. Instead, a series of three lenses was used to avoid this problem. The first two acted as a beam expander and collimator, and the last one focused down the beam. In order to use the THORLABS ZnSe lenses designed for infrared wavelengths, the shortest and longest focal length lenses were sel ...
... distance. Instead, a series of three lenses was used to avoid this problem. The first two acted as a beam expander and collimator, and the last one focused down the beam. In order to use the THORLABS ZnSe lenses designed for infrared wavelengths, the shortest and longest focal length lenses were sel ...
introductory practical physics ii - National Open University of Nigeria
... The contents of the experiments are presented in the simplest forms. In the beginning of each experiment, a brief theory of each experiment is discussed to make you clear about the experiments with the help of labeled diagrams. Procedure of each experiment has been presented in the simplest form. Yo ...
... The contents of the experiments are presented in the simplest forms. In the beginning of each experiment, a brief theory of each experiment is discussed to make you clear about the experiments with the help of labeled diagrams. Procedure of each experiment has been presented in the simplest form. Yo ...
INTRODUCTORY OPTICS SYSTEM
... designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to laboratory optics. Of course, textbooks and lab books vary in the areas covered and the degree of complexity taught. To ensure that all essential concepts are covered, the experiments in this guide are based on material presented in several of the ...
... designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to laboratory optics. Of course, textbooks and lab books vary in the areas covered and the degree of complexity taught. To ensure that all essential concepts are covered, the experiments in this guide are based on material presented in several of the ...
Manual - Brown University Wiki
... designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to laboratory optics. Of course, textbooks and lab books vary in the areas covered and the degree of complexity taught. To ensure that all essential concepts are covered, the experiments in this guide are based on material presented in several of the ...
... designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to laboratory optics. Of course, textbooks and lab books vary in the areas covered and the degree of complexity taught. To ensure that all essential concepts are covered, the experiments in this guide are based on material presented in several of the ...
Binoculars - shapes and lenses
... is concave, thinner in the center, instead of convex. These are the oldest and simplest working telescope type, which work well at low magnification, but not at higher magnifications such as needed for bird watching. This is what they look like: ...
... is concave, thinner in the center, instead of convex. These are the oldest and simplest working telescope type, which work well at low magnification, but not at higher magnifications such as needed for bird watching. This is what they look like: ...
Schneider Kreuznach
Schneider Kreuznach (German pronunciation: [ˌʃnaɪdɐ ˈkʁɔʏtsnax]) is the abbreviated name of the company Jos. Schneider Optische Werke GmbH, which is sometimes also simply referred to as Schneider. They are a manufacturer of industrial and photographic optics. The company was founded on 18 January 1913 by Joseph Schneider as Optische Anstalt Jos. Schneider & Co. at Bad Kreuznach in Germany. The company changed its name to Jos. Schneider & Co., Optische Werke, Kreuznach in 1922, and to the current Jos. Schneider Optische Werke GmbH in 1998.The company is known partly for its many innovative lens designs over the course of its existence. In 2001, Schneider received an Oscar for Technical Achievement for their Super-Cinelux motion picture lenses. They are best known as manufacturers of high-quality large format lenses for view cameras, enlarger lenses, and high quality photographic loupes. They also make a limited amount of small- and medium-format lenses, and have, at various times, manufactured eyeglasses and camera rangefinders, as well as being an OEM lens maker for Kodak and Samsung digital cameras. They currently supply the lenses for the LG Dare, LG Viewty KU990, LG Renoir KC910, LG Viewty Smart GC900 and the LG enV Touch. They also supplied the lenses for the Kodak Regent camera in the 1930s and the classic Kodak Retina and Kodak Retinette camera series in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1961, they created Feinwerktechnik GmbH, a manufacturer of electrical-hydraulic servo valves. Over the past several years, they have acquired several other companies:In 1985, they acquired the B+W Filter Manufacturing Company (founded in 1947 by partners Biermann and Weber), maker of the well-respected line of B+W filters. In July 1987, they purchased Rollei Fototechnic GmbH.In 1989, they purchased Käsemann/Oberaudorf, a manufacturer of glass and plastic polarizing materials.After 1991 they acquired the former East-German (GDR) camera and lens manufacturer Pentacon/Practica (Dresden)In 2000, they acquired Century Optics, an American lensmaking firm.From the start of its production in 1914, Schneider had produced their 500,000th lens by June 1932, their millionth by November 1936, and their 10 millionth lens by January 1967. As of April 2000, they have produced over 14,730,000 lenses. The list below converts any cm designations on earlier lenses to mm (so a 16.5 cm lens is shown as a 165 mm lens).