Light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy: more dimensions, more
... The illumination unit generates the light sheet that is used to excite the fluorophores. It overlaps with the focal plane in the specimen. The laser provides a collimated beam. An acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF) picks at least one of several laser wavelengths and adjusts its intensity. A beam exp ...
... The illumination unit generates the light sheet that is used to excite the fluorophores. It overlaps with the focal plane in the specimen. The laser provides a collimated beam. An acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF) picks at least one of several laser wavelengths and adjusts its intensity. A beam exp ...
Optics of Gaussian Beams
... Beam by a Lens A lens can be used to focus a laser beam to a small spot, or systems of lenses may be used to expand the beam and recollimate it. An ideal thin lens in such an application will not change the transverse mode intensity pattern measured at the lens but it will alter the radius of curvat ...
... Beam by a Lens A lens can be used to focus a laser beam to a small spot, or systems of lenses may be used to expand the beam and recollimate it. An ideal thin lens in such an application will not change the transverse mode intensity pattern measured at the lens but it will alter the radius of curvat ...
Chapter 18 - Handbook of Optics
... The objectives to follow are listed according to focal ratio and design type. Objectives have a 20-cm diameter and catadioptric systems are optimized for a wavelength range from 480 to 680 nm unless otherwise stated. The angles of surface and element tilts are with respect to the horizontal optical ...
... The objectives to follow are listed according to focal ratio and design type. Objectives have a 20-cm diameter and catadioptric systems are optimized for a wavelength range from 480 to 680 nm unless otherwise stated. The angles of surface and element tilts are with respect to the horizontal optical ...
polygonal mirror laser scanning heads: characteristic functions
... In the entire analysis only the ray incoming at distance e from the pivot O (i.e., the beam axis) is considered. 1. The scanning function h(θ) is defined as the distance from the optical axis (O.A.) of the objective lens of the PM to the axis of the scanning beam emerging this lens. This function is ...
... In the entire analysis only the ray incoming at distance e from the pivot O (i.e., the beam axis) is considered. 1. The scanning function h(θ) is defined as the distance from the optical axis (O.A.) of the objective lens of the PM to the axis of the scanning beam emerging this lens. This function is ...
TEM - Department of Mechanical Engineering
... To increase the mean free path of the electron gas interaction, a standard TEM is evacuated to low pressures, typically on the order of 10−4 Pa. The need for this is twofold: first the allowance for the voltage difference between the cathode and the ground without generating an arc, and secondly to ...
... To increase the mean free path of the electron gas interaction, a standard TEM is evacuated to low pressures, typically on the order of 10−4 Pa. The need for this is twofold: first the allowance for the voltage difference between the cathode and the ground without generating an arc, and secondly to ...
RAY OPTICS NOTES - RIT Center for Imaging Science
... We hope to find a mathematical model of optical imaging as a “system,” where an output distribution g is created from an input object distribution f by the action of an imaging system O, e.g., g [x, y, λ] = O {f [x, y, z, λ]}. We generally use this model to (try to) solve the inverse imaging problem ...
... We hope to find a mathematical model of optical imaging as a “system,” where an output distribution g is created from an input object distribution f by the action of an imaging system O, e.g., g [x, y, λ] = O {f [x, y, z, λ]}. We generally use this model to (try to) solve the inverse imaging problem ...
Quantitative prediction of the modulation behavior of twisted nematic liquid
... by Taber et al [8] to study the transmittance of a liquid crystal light valve LCLV. The knowledge of the physical parameters of the liquid crystal material has been used to calculate the director profiles to considerably accuracy [9]. They permit to perform accurate numerical simulations of the LCD ...
... by Taber et al [8] to study the transmittance of a liquid crystal light valve LCLV. The knowledge of the physical parameters of the liquid crystal material has been used to calculate the director profiles to considerably accuracy [9]. They permit to perform accurate numerical simulations of the LCD ...
About the reduction of reflections for camera lenses How T
... the lens changes. And for zoom lenses the choice of focal length, naturally, has a bearing on the reflection characteristics. Therefore, in our design and development stages, we are testing lenses with different light source positions, f-numbers, object distances and focal lengths (cf. chapter “Simu ...
... the lens changes. And for zoom lenses the choice of focal length, naturally, has a bearing on the reflection characteristics. Therefore, in our design and development stages, we are testing lenses with different light source positions, f-numbers, object distances and focal lengths (cf. chapter “Simu ...
Four Aces of Refractive Surgery: Aberrations
... Hartmann in 1900 and modified by Shack and Platt in the late 1960s. Numerous other methodologies and applications have since arisen.The first measurements of HOAs were conducted by Smirov using a psychophysical method, in 19618. All aberrometers have three basic components. 1. An input light source ...
... Hartmann in 1900 and modified by Shack and Platt in the late 1960s. Numerous other methodologies and applications have since arisen.The first measurements of HOAs were conducted by Smirov using a psychophysical method, in 19618. All aberrometers have three basic components. 1. An input light source ...
Application of nonperiodic phase structures in
... the expense of 7-m OPDrms residual 共higher-order兲 wave-front aberrations. This residual wave-front aberration results from the nonperfect compensation of the wave-front aberration by the NPS. As a result, the wave-front aberration of the objective for ⌬ ⫽ 2 nm reduces from 120- to 22-m OPDrms whe ...
... the expense of 7-m OPDrms residual 共higher-order兲 wave-front aberrations. This residual wave-front aberration results from the nonperfect compensation of the wave-front aberration by the NPS. As a result, the wave-front aberration of the objective for ⌬ ⫽ 2 nm reduces from 120- to 22-m OPDrms whe ...
Microscope Basics
... Electron Beam – These microscopes typically cost more than $ 100,000 and sometimes much more and use a beam of highly energetic electrons instead of light to examine objects on a very fine scale. This allows the microscope to surpass the resolution limits of optical microscopes and can magnify speci ...
... Electron Beam – These microscopes typically cost more than $ 100,000 and sometimes much more and use a beam of highly energetic electrons instead of light to examine objects on a very fine scale. This allows the microscope to surpass the resolution limits of optical microscopes and can magnify speci ...
Corneal Asphericity and Retinal Image Quality
... shape is determined by the total aberrations of the internal optics, and therefore there is no single or narrow range of preferred conic shapes that would provide good images for all eyes. An additional check was made by introducing asymmetric aberrations into the internal optics of the model eye. W ...
... shape is determined by the total aberrations of the internal optics, and therefore there is no single or narrow range of preferred conic shapes that would provide good images for all eyes. An additional check was made by introducing asymmetric aberrations into the internal optics of the model eye. W ...
Wavefront Technology
... Aberrometry and wavefront analysis The principle of operation of wavefront sensors used in ocular aberrometers is to measure the deviation of individual rays of light passing through various locations in the pupil of the eye. This is done by measuring reflected light from the retinal spot created by ...
... Aberrometry and wavefront analysis The principle of operation of wavefront sensors used in ocular aberrometers is to measure the deviation of individual rays of light passing through various locations in the pupil of the eye. This is done by measuring reflected light from the retinal spot created by ...
2 Theoretical Concepts
... We have already encountered evanescent fields in the previous subsection. Evanescent fields often play a crucial role in the field of nanooptics where the interaction on a length scale far below the wavelength of light is of interest. Evanescent fields are described as a plane wave of the form ...
... We have already encountered evanescent fields in the previous subsection. Evanescent fields often play a crucial role in the field of nanooptics where the interaction on a length scale far below the wavelength of light is of interest. Evanescent fields are described as a plane wave of the form ...
chapter 6
... an image of a distant subject is obtained in the photographic camera and on the retina of the eye. However, if the object is placed closely to the frontal focus of the lens, the image is again real and inverted, however, it becomes magnified. In this way the first lens, objective, of each light micr ...
... an image of a distant subject is obtained in the photographic camera and on the retina of the eye. However, if the object is placed closely to the frontal focus of the lens, the image is again real and inverted, however, it becomes magnified. In this way the first lens, objective, of each light micr ...
Fast-Response Liquid Crystal Microlens
... into two categories according to their aperture size: those with a large aperture size (>1 mm) are suitable for portable devices, such as pico projectors, imaging system for cell phones, endoscopic system, and ophthalmic lenses [4–8], while those with a small aperture size (<1 mm) are suitable for m ...
... into two categories according to their aperture size: those with a large aperture size (>1 mm) are suitable for portable devices, such as pico projectors, imaging system for cell phones, endoscopic system, and ophthalmic lenses [4–8], while those with a small aperture size (<1 mm) are suitable for m ...
Tolerancing Optical Systems
... level of workmanship in the part and face it, nobody wants their expensive optics to looks like hell, even if appearance does not impact performance. In most cases surface defects only cause a tiny loss in the system throughput and cause a slight increase in scattered light. In almost all cases, the ...
... level of workmanship in the part and face it, nobody wants their expensive optics to looks like hell, even if appearance does not impact performance. In most cases surface defects only cause a tiny loss in the system throughput and cause a slight increase in scattered light. In almost all cases, the ...
Light, Mirrors, and Lenses
... or an artist’s canvas, are called pigments. Mixing pigments together forms colors in a different way than mixing colored lights does. Like all materials that appear to be colored, pigments absorb some light waves and reflect others. The color of the pigment you see is the color of the light waves th ...
... or an artist’s canvas, are called pigments. Mixing pigments together forms colors in a different way than mixing colored lights does. Like all materials that appear to be colored, pigments absorb some light waves and reflect others. The color of the pigment you see is the color of the light waves th ...
Reversing Light: Negative Refraction
... contributes to the image thus removing the wavelength limitation. However the resonant nature of the amplification places sever demands on materials: they must be very low loss. ...
... contributes to the image thus removing the wavelength limitation. However the resonant nature of the amplification places sever demands on materials: they must be very low loss. ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... results even if the lens system is not diffraction limited, but includes aberrations. Finally, we use the derived equations to correct the planar refractive index mismatch with a SLM and present results for the optimized focusing. 2. Characterization of the aberration-inducing medium based on spheri ...
... results even if the lens system is not diffraction limited, but includes aberrations. Finally, we use the derived equations to correct the planar refractive index mismatch with a SLM and present results for the optimized focusing. 2. Characterization of the aberration-inducing medium based on spheri ...
White-light Fourier transformer with low chromatic aberration
... The optical setup of revolution for obtaining the AFT is depicted in Fig. 2. The input transparency is illuminated with a white-light collimated beam. The kinoform zone plate ZP 1 provides the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the input signal for each spectral component of the incident light at its ...
... The optical setup of revolution for obtaining the AFT is depicted in Fig. 2. The input transparency is illuminated with a white-light collimated beam. The kinoform zone plate ZP 1 provides the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the input signal for each spectral component of the incident light at its ...
10 - Northeastern University
... Part 2 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University Spring 2002 March 02002 ...
... Part 2 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University Spring 2002 March 02002 ...
Telescopes and spectrographs
... instrument movable. It is clear from Figure 3 that the physical length of a Keplerian refracting telescope cannot be less than fo. Hence, it would hardly be realistic to plan a telescope with a focal length of 100 metres using this design! However, it is important to remember that achieving high mag ...
... instrument movable. It is clear from Figure 3 that the physical length of a Keplerian refracting telescope cannot be less than fo. Hence, it would hardly be realistic to plan a telescope with a focal length of 100 metres using this design! However, it is important to remember that achieving high mag ...
4Pi Microscopy
... better than in a confocal microscope, in which a similar reduction requires a displacement of >250 nm. The z-response of an infinitely thin fluorescent layer, Iz(z) = h(x6)dxdy, is a good benchmark for the axial resolution. The insets in Figure 30.1 show the z-responses for Type A and Type C 4Pi m ...
... better than in a confocal microscope, in which a similar reduction requires a displacement of >250 nm. The z-response of an infinitely thin fluorescent layer, Iz(z) = h(x6)dxdy, is a good benchmark for the axial resolution. The insets in Figure 30.1 show the z-responses for Type A and Type C 4Pi m ...
Double-pass acousto-optic modulator system
... sweeps can be practically eliminated by using the doublepass configuration, in which the laser beam travels through the AOM twice and the beam deflection is compensated in the second pass. Modulating the light with the AOM twice also means that the total frequency shift is twice the modulation frequ ...
... sweeps can be practically eliminated by using the doublepass configuration, in which the laser beam travels through the AOM twice and the beam deflection is compensated in the second pass. Modulating the light with the AOM twice also means that the total frequency shift is twice the modulation frequ ...
Lens (optics)
A lens is a transmissive optical device that affects the focus of a light beam through refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually along a common axis. Lenses are made from transparent materials such as glass, ground and polished to a desired shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly refract radiation other than visible light are also called lenses, such as microwave lenses or acoustic lenses.