The Origin of Subfunctions and Modular Gene Regulation
... 2). We assume a starting point where several transcription factors are present, some of which are general and some tissue specific. For an initial shared regulatory state in which the same positive transcription factor (TF), TFA, drives the gene’s expression in two tissues via the same binding site ...
... 2). We assume a starting point where several transcription factors are present, some of which are general and some tissue specific. For an initial shared regulatory state in which the same positive transcription factor (TF), TFA, drives the gene’s expression in two tissues via the same binding site ...
Biotechnology for Biofuels
... followed by a second crossover. That strategy requires at least two selectable markers, and a large number of colonies often need to be screened to identify a mutant [23]. The intron-based gene knockout system used to construct these mutations was especially advantageous for the manipulation of thes ...
... followed by a second crossover. That strategy requires at least two selectable markers, and a large number of colonies often need to be screened to identify a mutant [23]. The intron-based gene knockout system used to construct these mutations was especially advantageous for the manipulation of thes ...
Plasmid replication and control
... The number of copies of a plasmid in each cell is tightly controlled with a general rule that small plasmids tend to have a high copy number, sometimes over 100 copies per cell, whereas larger plasmids may be present in one or a few copies per cell. Certain classes of plasmids are capable of horizon ...
... The number of copies of a plasmid in each cell is tightly controlled with a general rule that small plasmids tend to have a high copy number, sometimes over 100 copies per cell, whereas larger plasmids may be present in one or a few copies per cell. Certain classes of plasmids are capable of horizon ...
Module 5: Alternative Open Reading Frame
... downstream start codon was correct. A BLAST search would be done for the sequence in black to compare the e value and score with that obtained for the original amino acid sequence as described in the text. 22. Identify the portions of open reading frames that correspond to the alternative start codo ...
... downstream start codon was correct. A BLAST search would be done for the sequence in black to compare the e value and score with that obtained for the original amino acid sequence as described in the text. 22. Identify the portions of open reading frames that correspond to the alternative start codo ...
Chapter 12 Patterns of Inheritance
... as we know, only humans wonder about the processes that led to their origin and investigate the possibilities. We are far from understanding everything about our origins, but we have learned a great deal. Like a partially completed jigsaw puzzle, the boundaries of this elaborate question have fallen ...
... as we know, only humans wonder about the processes that led to their origin and investigate the possibilities. We are far from understanding everything about our origins, but we have learned a great deal. Like a partially completed jigsaw puzzle, the boundaries of this elaborate question have fallen ...
Sequenced Mitochondrial Genomes of Bryophytes
... Abstract: The determination of complete DNA sequence of mitochondrial genome of liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, opens the way to study the structure and organization of mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes. Since then several studies to sequence mitochondrial genomes of various plant groups have be ...
... Abstract: The determination of complete DNA sequence of mitochondrial genome of liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, opens the way to study the structure and organization of mitochondrial genomes of bryophytes. Since then several studies to sequence mitochondrial genomes of various plant groups have be ...
Package ‘GenomicFeatures’ October 14, 2014
... A DNAStringSet object containing one upstream sequence per gene (or per transcript if genes is a GenomicRanges object containing transcript ranges). More precisely, if genes is a GenomicRanges object, the returned object is parallel to it, that is, the i-th element in the returned object is the upst ...
... A DNAStringSet object containing one upstream sequence per gene (or per transcript if genes is a GenomicRanges object containing transcript ranges). More precisely, if genes is a GenomicRanges object, the returned object is parallel to it, that is, the i-th element in the returned object is the upst ...
Is HP1 an RNA detector that functions both in repression and
... repressed sites. Nuclease hypersensitivity mapping studies on transgenes inserted into heterochromatin support this assumption (Wallrath and Elgin, 1995; Cryderman et al., 1999). However, the majority of studies of HP1 regulation have relied on phenotypic assays (such as position effect variegation) ...
... repressed sites. Nuclease hypersensitivity mapping studies on transgenes inserted into heterochromatin support this assumption (Wallrath and Elgin, 1995; Cryderman et al., 1999). However, the majority of studies of HP1 regulation have relied on phenotypic assays (such as position effect variegation) ...
Quantitative Genetics
... career many of the members ever considered. ''It's in our blood'' said Brian Jacobsen, president of Madison Park Greetings, a stationery and gifts company. Mr. Jacobsen's brother, mother, grandfather, two uncles, two cousins and an aunt all started and ran their own companies and say they cannot ima ...
... career many of the members ever considered. ''It's in our blood'' said Brian Jacobsen, president of Madison Park Greetings, a stationery and gifts company. Mr. Jacobsen's brother, mother, grandfather, two uncles, two cousins and an aunt all started and ran their own companies and say they cannot ima ...
Genomics Reveal Ancient Forms of Stanniocalcin in Amphioxus and
... Synopsis Stanniocalcin (STC) is present throughout vertebrates, including humans, but a structure for STC has not been identified in animals that evolved before bony fish. The origin of this pleiotropic hormone known to regulate calcium is not clear. In the present study, we have cloned three stanni ...
... Synopsis Stanniocalcin (STC) is present throughout vertebrates, including humans, but a structure for STC has not been identified in animals that evolved before bony fish. The origin of this pleiotropic hormone known to regulate calcium is not clear. In the present study, we have cloned three stanni ...
Genetic regulation of cold-induced albinism in
... sections: distal (chlorophyll-less; CL) and proximal (chlorophyllcontaining; CC) sections. Two centimetres of the distal (CL) and proximal (CC) sections closest to the transition zone were collected from three biological replicates. Sample tissues were ground in liquid nitrogen and the RNA was extra ...
... sections: distal (chlorophyll-less; CL) and proximal (chlorophyllcontaining; CC) sections. Two centimetres of the distal (CL) and proximal (CC) sections closest to the transition zone were collected from three biological replicates. Sample tissues were ground in liquid nitrogen and the RNA was extra ...
Cambridge Workshop November 2008
... 3. Flag data types in uncurated publications 4. Submit revisions to gene models 5. Work with FlyBase curators to improve specific areas 6. Annotate / clean up 'gene orphans’ 7. Use FlyBase symbols in your papers 8. Provide accurate references for reagents in your papers 9. Declare FlyBase release nu ...
... 3. Flag data types in uncurated publications 4. Submit revisions to gene models 5. Work with FlyBase curators to improve specific areas 6. Annotate / clean up 'gene orphans’ 7. Use FlyBase symbols in your papers 8. Provide accurate references for reagents in your papers 9. Declare FlyBase release nu ...
Potato chromosomes IX and XI carry genes for resistance to potato
... scorable PCR marker linked to Gm (Fig. 2, lane 6). Mapping of the PVM resistance gene Rm The screening of the parental DNA of the ‘‘Rm’’ population with 56 ISSR and 185 RAPD primers resulted in detection of 121 (23%) and 485 (32%) polymorphic DNA fragments. However, only one 1,079 bp ISSR product, a ...
... scorable PCR marker linked to Gm (Fig. 2, lane 6). Mapping of the PVM resistance gene Rm The screening of the parental DNA of the ‘‘Rm’’ population with 56 ISSR and 185 RAPD primers resulted in detection of 121 (23%) and 485 (32%) polymorphic DNA fragments. However, only one 1,079 bp ISSR product, a ...
Tools Enabling Metabolic Parents LEarning
... Protein and enzymes Protein is broken down into amino acids (building blocks of protein) by enzymes (which are like chemical scissors). Enzymes then further break the amino acids into smaller parts or chemicals. ...
... Protein and enzymes Protein is broken down into amino acids (building blocks of protein) by enzymes (which are like chemical scissors). Enzymes then further break the amino acids into smaller parts or chemicals. ...
Exam 2
... 5. The F-plasmid can be stabily maintained in both Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. However, Hfr’s are formed much less frequently in S. typhimurium than in E. coli. In addition, there are many fewer insertion sites in S. typhimurium compared to E. coli. Given what you know about how Hfr ...
... 5. The F-plasmid can be stabily maintained in both Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. However, Hfr’s are formed much less frequently in S. typhimurium than in E. coli. In addition, there are many fewer insertion sites in S. typhimurium compared to E. coli. Given what you know about how Hfr ...
December 2013 Newsletter - Wynnum Redlands Budgerigar Society
... information necessary to form the "blueprint" to construct a new individual. This new cell is called a zygote. The zygote divides to become an embryo and eventually, the new individual. Chromosomes sort themselves into homologous pairs (chromosomes of identical shape, gene, and loci arrangement and ...
... information necessary to form the "blueprint" to construct a new individual. This new cell is called a zygote. The zygote divides to become an embryo and eventually, the new individual. Chromosomes sort themselves into homologous pairs (chromosomes of identical shape, gene, and loci arrangement and ...
The f ructokinase f rom Rhizobium leguminosarum
... amino acids, which was then compared to known fructokinase sequences. The fructokinase gene was not contained in an operon and is encoded separately from other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Its product is therefore assigned to the group Ifructokinases. A putative promoter (HGACA-N,,GTTGAT), ri ...
... amino acids, which was then compared to known fructokinase sequences. The fructokinase gene was not contained in an operon and is encoded separately from other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Its product is therefore assigned to the group Ifructokinases. A putative promoter (HGACA-N,,GTTGAT), ri ...
Frequent, independent transfers of a catabolic gene from bacteria to
... Figure 2. Ancestral state character reconstruction of acdS gene gains/losses. Coloured nodes and species names indicate gene presence while black means absence. Actinobacterial, betaproteobacterial and gammaproteobacterial acdS origins are shown in, respectively, red, blue and green for these names ...
... Figure 2. Ancestral state character reconstruction of acdS gene gains/losses. Coloured nodes and species names indicate gene presence while black means absence. Actinobacterial, betaproteobacterial and gammaproteobacterial acdS origins are shown in, respectively, red, blue and green for these names ...
Activation of the JNK pathway during dorsal closure in Drosophila
... apoptosis (Ip and Davis 1998; Jochum et al. 2001). Given the diverse and often conflicting roles ascribed to JNK signal transduction, it is important to define how distinct extracellular signals are specifically coupled to the JNK module and thus to the proper transcriptional output via JNK targets. ...
... apoptosis (Ip and Davis 1998; Jochum et al. 2001). Given the diverse and often conflicting roles ascribed to JNK signal transduction, it is important to define how distinct extracellular signals are specifically coupled to the JNK module and thus to the proper transcriptional output via JNK targets. ...
The genetic epidemiology of idiopathic scoliosis
... The selection of candidate genes for study can be made based on biological systems possibly playing a role in the etiopathogenesis of a disorder (from clinical evaluations or animal research), previous genetic studies showing an association (replication studies), or positional information gained fro ...
... The selection of candidate genes for study can be made based on biological systems possibly playing a role in the etiopathogenesis of a disorder (from clinical evaluations or animal research), previous genetic studies showing an association (replication studies), or positional information gained fro ...
Shared mutations: Common descent or common mechanism?
... hypothesis – the genes behave neutrally and if natural selection shaped these genes we must introduce neutral selection. Besides, the sequences were obtained from species inhabiting separated continents and are therefore reproductively isolated. The logical consequence is that the shared mutations i ...
... hypothesis – the genes behave neutrally and if natural selection shaped these genes we must introduce neutral selection. Besides, the sequences were obtained from species inhabiting separated continents and are therefore reproductively isolated. The logical consequence is that the shared mutations i ...
De Novo Nonsense Mutations in KAT6A, a Lysine Acetyl
... them had a previously unrecognized rare autosomal dominant disease. Their syndrome was discovered only after the more routine implementation of clinical exome sequencing (CES) for individuals with potential genetic diseases but without a clear diagnosis.6,7 All four individuals were sequenced with t ...
... them had a previously unrecognized rare autosomal dominant disease. Their syndrome was discovered only after the more routine implementation of clinical exome sequencing (CES) for individuals with potential genetic diseases but without a clear diagnosis.6,7 All four individuals were sequenced with t ...
Defense gene induction in tobacco by nitric
... PR-1 accumulation. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine-1 (SIN-1), and 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolium-5-amino-3-(3-chloro-2-ethylphenyl) chloride (GEA) were effective only at concentrations of 1 mM or higher (data not shown). These results are consistent with the findings that the efficiency of the various NO donors depe ...
... PR-1 accumulation. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine-1 (SIN-1), and 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolium-5-amino-3-(3-chloro-2-ethylphenyl) chloride (GEA) were effective only at concentrations of 1 mM or higher (data not shown). These results are consistent with the findings that the efficiency of the various NO donors depe ...
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP
... b-actin-r). Each assay was repeated in triplicate. To estimate amplification efficiencies, a standard curve was generated for each gene based on fivefold serial dilutions of quantified larvae cDNA. All calibration curves exhibited correlation coefficients higher than 0.99, and the corresponding effi ...
... b-actin-r). Each assay was repeated in triplicate. To estimate amplification efficiencies, a standard curve was generated for each gene based on fivefold serial dilutions of quantified larvae cDNA. All calibration curves exhibited correlation coefficients higher than 0.99, and the corresponding effi ...
Gene expression profiling
In the field of molecular biology, gene expression profiling is the measurement of the activity (the expression) of thousands of genes at once, to create a global picture of cellular function. These profiles can, for example, distinguish between cells that are actively dividing, or show how the cells react to a particular treatment. Many experiments of this sort measure an entire genome simultaneously, that is, every gene present in a particular cell.DNA microarray technology measures the relative activity of previously identified target genes. Sequence based techniques, like serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE, SuperSAGE) are also used for gene expression profiling. SuperSAGE is especially accurate and can measure any active gene, not just a predefined set. The advent of next-generation sequencing has made sequence based expression analysis an increasingly popular, ""digital"" alternative to microarrays called RNA-Seq. However, microarrays are far more common, accounting for 17,000 PubMed articles by 2006.