Impact of Ionizing Radiation on 4H-SiC Devices
... found that damaging of the interface by ionizing radiation reduces the current gain as well. However, for this type of damage, annealing at low temperatures further reduces the gain. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is today the dielectric material most often used for gate dielectric or passivation layers, al ...
... found that damaging of the interface by ionizing radiation reduces the current gain as well. However, for this type of damage, annealing at low temperatures further reduces the gain. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is today the dielectric material most often used for gate dielectric or passivation layers, al ...
4. Properties and Characterization of Thin Films
... 4.1.6. Thickness Measurement by Interaction with Particles 4.1.6.1. Evaporation Rate Monitor Film thickness or deposition rate monitors were developed especially for applications based on evaporation technology. To control the vapor density in the vicinity of the substarate the vapor is ionized at ...
... 4.1.6. Thickness Measurement by Interaction with Particles 4.1.6.1. Evaporation Rate Monitor Film thickness or deposition rate monitors were developed especially for applications based on evaporation technology. To control the vapor density in the vicinity of the substarate the vapor is ionized at ...
3.6 Yield Phenomena 3.6.1 Introduction
... the point of stress concentration. These band-like markings are called ‘Lüders bands’. Deformation in this range is non-uniform. Grips in the vicinity of specimen fillets are considered be locations of stress concentration. To best see these bands, the specimens should be reasonably well polished. S ...
... the point of stress concentration. These band-like markings are called ‘Lüders bands’. Deformation in this range is non-uniform. Grips in the vicinity of specimen fillets are considered be locations of stress concentration. To best see these bands, the specimens should be reasonably well polished. S ...
Keeping the Ball Rolling: Fullerene
... Clusters of the second type, whose core structures are facilitated by ligand participation, could aid in the development of functional materials. Of particular interest are the magnetic clusters containing both transition and lanthanide elements. A series of such heterometallic clusters that we prep ...
... Clusters of the second type, whose core structures are facilitated by ligand participation, could aid in the development of functional materials. Of particular interest are the magnetic clusters containing both transition and lanthanide elements. A series of such heterometallic clusters that we prep ...
KJM-MENA 3120 Structure and properties of functional materials
... cation with Rcation/Ranion = 0.40 is not stable in octahedral coordination. However, there exist examples of perovskite type oxides with such small cations in what would ideally be an octahedral interstice. However, in these cases a structural deformation will take place, shifting the cation off-cen ...
... cation with Rcation/Ranion = 0.40 is not stable in octahedral coordination. However, there exist examples of perovskite type oxides with such small cations in what would ideally be an octahedral interstice. However, in these cases a structural deformation will take place, shifting the cation off-cen ...
Magnetic and magneto-optical properties of oxide glasses
... materials in which RE ions are embedded. Therefore, there should not be a strict proportionality between the paramagnetic Verdet constant and the paramagnetic susceptibility of different materials. However, VanVleck and Hebb [14] have shown that temperature dependencies of these parameters for RE io ...
... materials in which RE ions are embedded. Therefore, there should not be a strict proportionality between the paramagnetic Verdet constant and the paramagnetic susceptibility of different materials. However, VanVleck and Hebb [14] have shown that temperature dependencies of these parameters for RE io ...
Tip Streaming from a Drop in the Presence of Surfactants
... with no stable shape were found by incrementing Ca from an initial value of 0.01. For a given value of Ca, a steady shape is found if the normal velocities everywhere along the interface approach zero. That steady shape is used as the initial condition for a new, higher value of Ca. The capillary nu ...
... with no stable shape were found by incrementing Ca from an initial value of 0.01. For a given value of Ca, a steady shape is found if the normal velocities everywhere along the interface approach zero. That steady shape is used as the initial condition for a new, higher value of Ca. The capillary nu ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... or delocalised nature of trapped electrons), etc. Since uncertainties of a few kcal/ mole in an energy barrier translate into kinetic constants that differ by orders of magnitude, it is clear that the development of accurate methods for the determination of defects formation energies is highly desir ...
... or delocalised nature of trapped electrons), etc. Since uncertainties of a few kcal/ mole in an energy barrier translate into kinetic constants that differ by orders of magnitude, it is clear that the development of accurate methods for the determination of defects formation energies is highly desir ...
Direct Growth of Highly Oriented Arrays of Crystalline Rutile SnO2
... metal oxide materials at nano-, meso- and micro-scale with controlled particle size, morphology and orientation (fig.1). Such well-designed materials should lead to a better fundamental understanding of their electronic structure2 and physical/chemical properties as well as to develop novel and opti ...
... metal oxide materials at nano-, meso- and micro-scale with controlled particle size, morphology and orientation (fig.1). Such well-designed materials should lead to a better fundamental understanding of their electronic structure2 and physical/chemical properties as well as to develop novel and opti ...
Word
... Investigation of γ-alumina treated with lysine showed no organic remained on the mineral surface after washing. This is not to say that no interaction occurred. Al ions on the surface of the alumina intact strongly with lysine and are extracted into solution. The washing step removes the soluble lys ...
... Investigation of γ-alumina treated with lysine showed no organic remained on the mineral surface after washing. This is not to say that no interaction occurred. Al ions on the surface of the alumina intact strongly with lysine and are extracted into solution. The washing step removes the soluble lys ...
EBSD: Current state, prospects and comparison with XRD
... dhkl is the interplanar spacing, λ ≈ 1.54⋅U -½ kV⋅nm stands for the electron wavelength, and n is the order of reflection. Because of the short wavelength at usual accelerating voltages, U, in the SEM the slightly curved band edges can be well approximated by straight lines. It is worth mentioning h ...
... dhkl is the interplanar spacing, λ ≈ 1.54⋅U -½ kV⋅nm stands for the electron wavelength, and n is the order of reflection. Because of the short wavelength at usual accelerating voltages, U, in the SEM the slightly curved band edges can be well approximated by straight lines. It is worth mentioning h ...
Theoretical modelling of steps on the CaF2(111) surface
... with heights ranging from 0.32 nm corresponding to one F–Ca–F triple layer to macroscopic size. A typical distance between triple-layer steps is 10 nm, but the distance varies strongly with cleavage conditions. The predominant features of the surface topography are either cleavage tips with a tip an ...
... with heights ranging from 0.32 nm corresponding to one F–Ca–F triple layer to macroscopic size. A typical distance between triple-layer steps is 10 nm, but the distance varies strongly with cleavage conditions. The predominant features of the surface topography are either cleavage tips with a tip an ...
SwissFEL Experimental Station B: Conceptual design Report
... scattering techniques to study the dynamics of cooperative interactions in crystalline materials that exhibit long-range electronic and magnetic order. Such materials also show complex phase diagrams. A important class are strongly correlated electron systems or ’quantum materials’ that exhibit comp ...
... scattering techniques to study the dynamics of cooperative interactions in crystalline materials that exhibit long-range electronic and magnetic order. Such materials also show complex phase diagrams. A important class are strongly correlated electron systems or ’quantum materials’ that exhibit comp ...
Unusual bismuth-containing surface layers of III-V compound
... In this thesis, a number of Bi/III-V(100) surface structures have been investigated. Papers 1-3 consider the Bi-stabilized surface structures that are common for the III-V(100)surfaces. A newly found Bi/GaAs(100)(2×1) surface structures is discussed in the papers 4 an 5. Also, a very recent study of ...
... In this thesis, a number of Bi/III-V(100) surface structures have been investigated. Papers 1-3 consider the Bi-stabilized surface structures that are common for the III-V(100)surfaces. A newly found Bi/GaAs(100)(2×1) surface structures is discussed in the papers 4 an 5. Also, a very recent study of ...
Hollow Cathode Deposition of Thin Films
... In the simplest type of a glow discharge the applied voltage is a DC voltage and the two electrodes represent a cathode and anode respectively. The electric field is not distributed evenly between the electrodes which causes differences in the brightness of the glow. The most intense part of the dis ...
... In the simplest type of a glow discharge the applied voltage is a DC voltage and the two electrodes represent a cathode and anode respectively. The electric field is not distributed evenly between the electrodes which causes differences in the brightness of the glow. The most intense part of the dis ...
The Role of Hydrogen Bond in Designing Molecular Optical Materials
... 2. Distributed Atomic and Functional-Group Polarizabilities In order to identify the most important atoms and functional groups that determine the optical properties of a molecule or a crystalline material, we need a partitioning of the electrostatic moments and (hyper)polarizabilities into atomic c ...
... 2. Distributed Atomic and Functional-Group Polarizabilities In order to identify the most important atoms and functional groups that determine the optical properties of a molecule or a crystalline material, we need a partitioning of the electrostatic moments and (hyper)polarizabilities into atomic c ...
A Microfluidic Platform for Evaporation
... 1. Fabrication procedure for the three-layer assembly (TLA) Negative patterns of SU-8 2050 (MicroChem) photoresist were patterned on to silicon wafers (University wafer) to a thickness of 50 μm for the fluid layer and control layer masters using standard photolithography. The master molds were silan ...
... 1. Fabrication procedure for the three-layer assembly (TLA) Negative patterns of SU-8 2050 (MicroChem) photoresist were patterned on to silicon wafers (University wafer) to a thickness of 50 μm for the fluid layer and control layer masters using standard photolithography. The master molds were silan ...
Thermoelectric Properties and Site-Selective Rb /K Distribution in
... Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA) were purchased. Rb2Se was prepared by stoichiometric reaction of rubidium metal and selenium in liquid ammonia. Synthesis and Crystal Growth. All manipulations were carried out under a dry nitrogen atmosphere in a Vacuum Atmospheres Dri-Lab glovebox. A mixture of potassium ...
... Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA) were purchased. Rb2Se was prepared by stoichiometric reaction of rubidium metal and selenium in liquid ammonia. Synthesis and Crystal Growth. All manipulations were carried out under a dry nitrogen atmosphere in a Vacuum Atmospheres Dri-Lab glovebox. A mixture of potassium ...
Multi-Level Partition of Unity Algebraic Point Set Surfaces
... not easy to control. Although Guennebaud et al.[7] presented a real-time rendering method using a dynamic upsampling strategy, this approach does not work well for surface reconstruction of incomplete data with large holes due to its local nature. Another drawback of APSS[7] is that a local MLS appr ...
... not easy to control. Although Guennebaud et al.[7] presented a real-time rendering method using a dynamic upsampling strategy, this approach does not work well for surface reconstruction of incomplete data with large holes due to its local nature. Another drawback of APSS[7] is that a local MLS appr ...
DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS
... According to Zener, if the jump process is an activated one, jump frequency ν can be described by: ...
... According to Zener, if the jump process is an activated one, jump frequency ν can be described by: ...
Resistance of Hydrogenated Titanium-Doped Diamond
... astronautical materials [1–4]. Solid lubricant used in artificial satellites must therefore have sufficient resistance against irradiation by atomic oxygen. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are amorphous carbon films and have been used in the tribological field as a coating material on edged-tools, c ...
... astronautical materials [1–4]. Solid lubricant used in artificial satellites must therefore have sufficient resistance against irradiation by atomic oxygen. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are amorphous carbon films and have been used in the tribological field as a coating material on edged-tools, c ...
Ab initio calculations of H2O and O2 adsorption on Al2O3 substrates
... initially the (0 0 0 1) surface by a (2 · 2) nine layer slab (60 atoms), and that is the model that we adopted in the present work. The first six layers were fully relaxed leading to a very large inward relaxation of the first Al layer ( 98%), which brings the subsurface O atoms practically at the su ...
... initially the (0 0 0 1) surface by a (2 · 2) nine layer slab (60 atoms), and that is the model that we adopted in the present work. The first six layers were fully relaxed leading to a very large inward relaxation of the first Al layer ( 98%), which brings the subsurface O atoms practically at the su ...
Electronic transport at semiconductor
... the direction of missing neighbours, are very reactive. These bonds naturally want to pair up with other unsaturated bonds on other surface atoms. The result can be a quite drastic change in the atomic arrangement in only one or two atomic layers on a crystal surface, leading to a lower free energy, ...
... the direction of missing neighbours, are very reactive. These bonds naturally want to pair up with other unsaturated bonds on other surface atoms. The result can be a quite drastic change in the atomic arrangement in only one or two atomic layers on a crystal surface, leading to a lower free energy, ...
An evaluation of switching criteria for ferroelectrics under stress and
... model, such as the piezoelectric coefficients and remanent strain of a domain. The self-consistent model has been re-run for poling to 8E0, assuming the same set of material parameters, and this prediction is included in Fig. 2b. It is expected that the self-consistent model of Hwang et al. [7] will ...
... model, such as the piezoelectric coefficients and remanent strain of a domain. The self-consistent model has been re-run for poling to 8E0, assuming the same set of material parameters, and this prediction is included in Fig. 2b. It is expected that the self-consistent model of Hwang et al. [7] will ...
Atom probe
The atom probe was introduced at the 14th International Field Emission Symposium in 1967 by Erwin W. Müller and John Panitz. For the first time an instrument could “... determine the nature of one single atom seen on a metal surface and selected from neighboring atoms at the discretion of the observer”. Erwin Wilhelm Müller, J. A. Panitz, and S. Brooks McLane. The atom probe is closely related to the field ion microscope, the first microscopic instrument capable of atomic resolution, developed in 1951 by Erwin Wilhelm Müller.Atom probes are unlike conventional optical or electron microscopes, in that the magnification effect comes from the magnification provided by a highly curved electric field, rather than by the manipulation of radiation paths. The method is destructive in nature removing ions from a sample surface in order to image and identify them, generating magnifications sufficient to observe individual atoms as they are removed from the sample surface. Through coupling of this magnification method with time of flight mass spectrometry, ions evaporated by application of electric pulses can have their mass-to-charge ratio computed.Through successive evaporation of material, layers of atoms are removed from a specimen, allowing for probing not only of the surface, but also through the material itself. Computer methods are utilised to rebuild a three-dimensional view of the sample, prior to it being evaporated, providing atomic scale information on the structure of a sample, as well as providing the type atomic species information. The instrument allows the three-dimensional reconstruction of up to billions of atoms from a sharp tip (corresponding to specimen volumes of 10,000-10,000,000 nm3).