Lecture 4
... Mendel was interested in understanding variances in plants and between 1856 and 1863 he cultivated and tested some 28,000 pea plants. He was the first to identify discrete units of heredity – “hereditary factors”. He brought an experimental and quantitative approach to genetics. His experiments brou ...
... Mendel was interested in understanding variances in plants and between 1856 and 1863 he cultivated and tested some 28,000 pea plants. He was the first to identify discrete units of heredity – “hereditary factors”. He brought an experimental and quantitative approach to genetics. His experiments brou ...
Lateral gene transfer and the evolution of plastid
... because the B. natans endosymbiont was likely a chlorophyte. Accordingly, we conservatively considered plastid-targeted proteins to be chlorophyte-derived if they met any of several criteria. Most obviously, if a protein branched with a chlorophyte sequence in phylogenetic analyses and if the datase ...
... because the B. natans endosymbiont was likely a chlorophyte. Accordingly, we conservatively considered plastid-targeted proteins to be chlorophyte-derived if they met any of several criteria. Most obviously, if a protein branched with a chlorophyte sequence in phylogenetic analyses and if the datase ...
Ascorbate peroxidaserelated (APxR) is a new
... and responses to environmental cues. In higher plants, most peroxidases are encoded by large, multigenic families that mainly originated from gene and chromosomal duplications. • Using phylogenetic, genomic and functional analyses, we have identified and characterized a new class of putative heme pe ...
... and responses to environmental cues. In higher plants, most peroxidases are encoded by large, multigenic families that mainly originated from gene and chromosomal duplications. • Using phylogenetic, genomic and functional analyses, we have identified and characterized a new class of putative heme pe ...
Two ParaHox genes, SpLox and SpCdx, interact to
... In vertebrates, regionalization of the gut has been shown to be under the late control of homeobox genes, in particular the members of the so-called ParaHox class. The genes are called gsx, xLox and cdx in chordates, where the three have been identified (Brooke et al., 1998). In insects only ortholo ...
... In vertebrates, regionalization of the gut has been shown to be under the late control of homeobox genes, in particular the members of the so-called ParaHox class. The genes are called gsx, xLox and cdx in chordates, where the three have been identified (Brooke et al., 1998). In insects only ortholo ...
MAGMA manual (version 1.03)
... annotation in the .genes.annot file. This can be useful when using one of the SNP location files on the MAGMA site, since these contain all SNPs in the corresponding dbSNP release, and will otherwise produce very large .genes.annot files. It can also be used to restrict a subsequent gene analysis to ...
... annotation in the .genes.annot file. This can be useful when using one of the SNP location files on the MAGMA site, since these contain all SNPs in the corresponding dbSNP release, and will otherwise produce very large .genes.annot files. It can also be used to restrict a subsequent gene analysis to ...
Modulation of base excision repair of 8
... 8-oxoG in the 50 -UTR of the gene documented a clear decrease of fluorescence, compared with cells transfected with the reference plasmids harbouring the unmodified oligonucleotide (Figure 1B–F). The effect had the same magnitude for 8-oxoG located in the transcribed DNA strand and one in the compleme ...
... 8-oxoG in the 50 -UTR of the gene documented a clear decrease of fluorescence, compared with cells transfected with the reference plasmids harbouring the unmodified oligonucleotide (Figure 1B–F). The effect had the same magnitude for 8-oxoG located in the transcribed DNA strand and one in the compleme ...
Can ecology help genomics: the genome as ecosystem?
... statistical and experimental approaches have been developed that allow for the analysis and interpretation of these data. Most molecular geneticists have tested single mutant, double mutants, and even triple mutants, but it gets exceedingly difficult to examine the factorial effects of every possible c ...
... statistical and experimental approaches have been developed that allow for the analysis and interpretation of these data. Most molecular geneticists have tested single mutant, double mutants, and even triple mutants, but it gets exceedingly difficult to examine the factorial effects of every possible c ...
Characterisation of the Aspergillus niger dapB gene, which encodes
... IV (DPP IV) cleave immediately C-terminal to an Ala or a Pro residue, releasing N-terminal X-Ala or X-Pro dipeptides. Due to their unique structural features, proline residues often protect proteins from degradation, and in some cases even play a role in the regulation of their activation. The DPP I ...
... IV (DPP IV) cleave immediately C-terminal to an Ala or a Pro residue, releasing N-terminal X-Ala or X-Pro dipeptides. Due to their unique structural features, proline residues often protect proteins from degradation, and in some cases even play a role in the regulation of their activation. The DPP I ...
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of the chemol
... which lacks pyruvate decarboxylase, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activities and is unable to grow on minimal medium lacking acetate whereas PDH positive strains can (Guest et al., 1983). Cosmid 5.1, plasmids pTHI081 and pTHI0251 were transformed into E. coli JRG134 ...
... which lacks pyruvate decarboxylase, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activities and is unable to grow on minimal medium lacking acetate whereas PDH positive strains can (Guest et al., 1983). Cosmid 5.1, plasmids pTHI081 and pTHI0251 were transformed into E. coli JRG134 ...
Full Text PDF - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. publishers
... Genes are thought to be organized on chromosomes as contiguous but independent units known as expression domains (Elgin, 1990; Laemmli et al., 1992; Dillon and Grosveld, 1994). These expression domains are believed to remain insulated from neighboring sequences and are thought to include all regulat ...
... Genes are thought to be organized on chromosomes as contiguous but independent units known as expression domains (Elgin, 1990; Laemmli et al., 1992; Dillon and Grosveld, 1994). These expression domains are believed to remain insulated from neighboring sequences and are thought to include all regulat ...
Module 5: Alternative Open Reading Frame
... over the first nucleotide of the highlighted in the start codon and a popup box will show up that has the nucleotide number indicated. Make a note of the number. Scroll down the page until you come to the highlighted stop codon in the same reading frame. Hover your cursor over the LAST nucleotide in ...
... over the first nucleotide of the highlighted in the start codon and a popup box will show up that has the nucleotide number indicated. Make a note of the number. Scroll down the page until you come to the highlighted stop codon in the same reading frame. Hover your cursor over the LAST nucleotide in ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Gene cassettes
... identified (see Hall etal., 1991). There are several cassettes encoding distinct determinants of resistance to each of these antibiotics or antibiotic families. Further cassettes include open reading frames (ORFs), whose functions have not yet been identified (see Hall e t al., 1991). At the present ...
... identified (see Hall etal., 1991). There are several cassettes encoding distinct determinants of resistance to each of these antibiotics or antibiotic families. Further cassettes include open reading frames (ORFs), whose functions have not yet been identified (see Hall e t al., 1991). At the present ...
lecture 12 - quantitative traits I - Cal State LA
... Sources of phenotypic variation The total variation in a trait is the phenotypic variation, VP - subtract the height of the smallest person from the tallest person; this will give you the range in heights, VP Variation among individuals due to differences in their genes is genetic variation, VG Var ...
... Sources of phenotypic variation The total variation in a trait is the phenotypic variation, VP - subtract the height of the smallest person from the tallest person; this will give you the range in heights, VP Variation among individuals due to differences in their genes is genetic variation, VG Var ...
review - Sonoma Valley High School
... 3. Of what importance are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation to the cells that use these pathways? ___________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. Critical Thinking The vitamin niacin is an essential component of NAD+. Niacin ca ...
... 3. Of what importance are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation to the cells that use these pathways? ___________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. Critical Thinking The vitamin niacin is an essential component of NAD+. Niacin ca ...
pdf - Open Textbooks Project
... are produced and assuming that the probabilities of individual outcomes are equal. A probability of one for some event indicates that it is guaranteed to occur, whereas a probability of zero indicates that it is guaranteed not to occur. An example of a genetic event is a round seed produced by a pea ...
... are produced and assuming that the probabilities of individual outcomes are equal. A probability of one for some event indicates that it is guaranteed to occur, whereas a probability of zero indicates that it is guaranteed not to occur. An example of a genetic event is a round seed produced by a pea ...
CRISPR germline engineering—the community
... Katrine S. Bosley is at Editas Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Michael Botchan is in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; Annelien Bredenoord is in the Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center, Utrech ...
... Katrine S. Bosley is at Editas Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Michael Botchan is in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; Annelien Bredenoord is in the Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center, Utrech ...
Functional Divergence of the Nuclear Receptor NR2C1
... Detecting episodic evolution: We employed branch-site codon models A and B to test for sites experiencing a short-term (episodic) shift in the intensity of natural selection pressure (Yang and Nielsen 2002; Zhang et al. 2005). Models A and B permit the intensity of selection pressure to vary both am ...
... Detecting episodic evolution: We employed branch-site codon models A and B to test for sites experiencing a short-term (episodic) shift in the intensity of natural selection pressure (Yang and Nielsen 2002; Zhang et al. 2005). Models A and B permit the intensity of selection pressure to vary both am ...
Behavioral Objectives
... copies of these articles for your students to use.] Use these articles to generate a discussion of which are appropriate uses of this new technology and which are not. Bioethics of Genetic Profiling 2. Read the Bioethical Focus for this chapter (p. 417) aloud to your students. According to this read ...
... copies of these articles for your students to use.] Use these articles to generate a discussion of which are appropriate uses of this new technology and which are not. Bioethics of Genetic Profiling 2. Read the Bioethical Focus for this chapter (p. 417) aloud to your students. According to this read ...
13-1
... RNA Editing Like a writer’s first draft, RNA molecules sometimes require a bit of editing before they are ready to be read. These pre-mRNA molecules have bits and pieces cut out of them before they can go into action. The portions that are cut out and discarded are called introns. In eukaryotes, intr ...
... RNA Editing Like a writer’s first draft, RNA molecules sometimes require a bit of editing before they are ready to be read. These pre-mRNA molecules have bits and pieces cut out of them before they can go into action. The portions that are cut out and discarded are called introns. In eukaryotes, intr ...
Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Test Practice Book
... the subject who are on undergraduate and graduate faculties in different types of institutions and in different regions of the United States and Canada. In selecting members for each committee, the GRE Program seeks the advice of appropriate professional associations in the subject. The content and ...
... the subject who are on undergraduate and graduate faculties in different types of institutions and in different regions of the United States and Canada. In selecting members for each committee, the GRE Program seeks the advice of appropriate professional associations in the subject. The content and ...
Polymorphisms in FAS and CASP8 genes may contribute to the
... role in the pathogenesis of the disease needs to be determined. In single gene disorders, SNPs present in other genes may contribute to the development or to the phenotypic features of the diseases. Most SNPs are silent and do not have a demonstrative effect on the gene function or phenotype of the ...
... role in the pathogenesis of the disease needs to be determined. In single gene disorders, SNPs present in other genes may contribute to the development or to the phenotypic features of the diseases. Most SNPs are silent and do not have a demonstrative effect on the gene function or phenotype of the ...
DNA Methylation Maintains Allele-specific KIR Gene Expression in
... 3DL2, and 2DL4 loci. After amplification with gene-specific primers, bulk RT-PCR products were sequenced. The presence of one or two signals at polymorphic sites indicated monoallelic and biallelic 3DL1 expression, respectively (Fig. 1 B). These results for clones K1–K9 were completely consistent wi ...
... 3DL2, and 2DL4 loci. After amplification with gene-specific primers, bulk RT-PCR products were sequenced. The presence of one or two signals at polymorphic sites indicated monoallelic and biallelic 3DL1 expression, respectively (Fig. 1 B). These results for clones K1–K9 were completely consistent wi ...
Applied Microbiolgy and Biotechnology
... The nucleotide sequence of the WT gene (GenBank accession number GU390533), encoding for an ORF of 482 residues, was compared with that of the mutant using the CLUSTAL W2 program (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ Tools/clustalw2/index.html). The alignment showed that the 186th nucleotide, downstream the start ...
... The nucleotide sequence of the WT gene (GenBank accession number GU390533), encoding for an ORF of 482 residues, was compared with that of the mutant using the CLUSTAL W2 program (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ Tools/clustalw2/index.html). The alignment showed that the 186th nucleotide, downstream the start ...
Gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.